Effectiveness of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) with regard to tooth brushing in autistic children (original) (raw)
Related papers
International Journal of Dentistry
Objective. To assess the effectiveness of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) to improve knowledge regarding oral hygiene practices among cooperative autistic children. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 15 children between the age group of 6–12 years and their parents who were randomly chosen from a special care autistic school in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. A mobile application was custom designed and programmed with videos on oral hygiene. A close-ended questionnaire comprising 14 questions for the cooperative autistic children and 21 questions for their parents was designed to assess their knowledge in relation to oral health and hygiene. After four weeks, a questionnaire-based knowledge assessment was conducted. The mean knowledge score was then calculated for children and their parents and compared using paired sample t-test. Results. Poor knowledge regarding oral hygiene practices was revealed among the study participants. The estimated mean score among t...
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder with three main characteristics: communication disorders, social interaction disorders and repetitive behavior. The main problem faced when treating child patients with this disorder is the difficulty of establishing communication with the result that they are unable to understand instructions. One form of therapy frequently applied in cases of autism is that of applied behavior analysis (ABA). It is easier for children with ASD to absorb information visually. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ABA-based behavior management using visual media in the form of picture cards for oral examination of children with ASD. Methods: The study design was observational descriptive in nature and the sample selection was based on purposive sampling. The study was conducted by observing changes in childrens’ behavior during treatment administered four times a month. The subjects were 13 chil...
Appropriate Learning Methods for Autistic Children in Improving Tooth brushing Skills: a Review
International Journal of Advanced Health Science and Technology
Autistic children have poor oral hygiene levels higher than normal children. Dental and oral health problems that often occur in children with autism are the risk of dental caries which is higher than other dental and oral diseases. Frequent consumption of cariogenic foods and impaired coordination of the tongue muscles result in a tendency to eat food and difficulty swallowing, resulting in the formation of debris. The high value of debris causes calculus and if left further it will develop into worse tooth and gum damage. Objective: To describe appropriate learning methods for children with autism in improving their brushing skills. Methods: Search journals for 2016-2021 on Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Sciendirect databases. In the 8 journals used, 4 of them used quantitative research methods, 2 used prospective research methods, and 2 others used cross-sectional research methods. Results: The various methods obtained are the use of the PECS method; Yoga Therapy; iPads; Social Stor...
Oral hygiene practice and dental status of autistic children
Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin
Background: The worldwide incidence of oral health among the autistic children has been found to be poor for various reasons. Risk of dental caries and gingivitis is expected to be higher in these patients due to improper brushing and flossing because of the difficulties of the trainers and parents encounter when they brush the children’s’ teeth. They tend to pouch food inside the mouth instead of swallowing it due to poor tongue coordination, thereby increasing the susceptibility to caries. Communication and behavioural problems pose the most significant challenges in providing oral care. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health status and dental needs of autistic children in Bangladesh. Methods: This case control study was carried out among 2-13 years old children with special health-care needs. The study was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from the period of August to December 201...
The Effect of Applied Behavior Analysis on the Gross Motor Development of Autistic Children
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021
BACKGROUND: Autistic children have abilities and characteristics that are different from each other, so different ways of interacting the environment autistic children individuals. The development of autistic children both physically, emotionally, intellectually, and psychosocially has a problem that results in the inhibition of children reaching a level of gross motor development that is appropriate to their age. Stimulation applied behavior analysis (ABA) in children with autism includes gross motor, fine motor, emotional, social, language, informational, and practical supports. An autistic child will feel that he is loved and wanted if more and more people in the family environment love and care for him. Based on this preliminary study, interviewing eight autistic schools in the provinces of DIY and Ponorogo, East Java, to 16 parents who have autistic children, the majority of parents (93%) think that by entering autistic children into a special school (SLB) in accordance with it...
Medicina Oral Patología Oral y Cirugia Bucal, 2013
Objectives: This article reviews the present literature on the issues encountered while coping with children with autistic spectrum disorder from the dental perspective. The autistic patient profile and external factors affecting the oral health status of this patient population are discussed upon the existing body of evidence. Material and Methods: The MEDLINE database was searched using the terms 'Autistic Disorder', 'Behaviour Control/methods', 'Child', 'Dental care for disabled', 'Education', 'Oral Health', and 'Pediatric Dentistry' to locate related articles published up to January 2013. Results: Most of the relevant studies indicate poor oral hygiene whereas they are inconclusive regarding the caries incidence in autistic individuals. Undergraduate dental education appears to determine the competence of dental professionals to treat developmentally disabled children and account partly for compromised access to dental care. Dental management of an autistic child requires in-depth understanding of the background of the autism and available behavioural guidance theories. The dental professional should be flexible to modify the treatment approach according to the individual patient needs.
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2022
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of autism increases globally and in Indonesia. Children with autism experience intellectual, behavioral, and anxiety disorders, including fear of dental care. These children often experience difficulty brushing teeth and are reluctant to visit dental care facilities. The poor oral and dental cleanness in children with autism may increase the risk of dental and oral diseases such as periodontal disease and caries. One preventive effort is providing psycho-education to the child and the people surrounding them (parents or caretaker and teacher). Psycho-education modules should be adequate and based on the client's needs. AIM: The aim of the study was to explore the contents of the psycho-educational module as a guide for primary caregivers and teachers to prevent dental and oral health problems of the child with autism. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative study using focus group discussions (FGD) and in-depth interviews from 12 November to 26 December 2020. This study involved 11 primary caregivers and 14 teachers of the autism-special school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The FGD and in-depth interviews were recorded and verbatim transcripted and were analyzed by thematic content analysis. RESULTS: We found three topics required to maintain the dental and oral health of a child with autism, namely: Management of behavior in autistic children, oral-dental treatment, and nutrition management in dental-oral health in autistic children. Available materials used practical and straightforward language. CONCLUSION: The study findings provide an important information as a new approach contained in the module on maintaining oral health to improve the health status of autistic children.
Behavioral guidance for improving dental care in autistic spectrum disorders
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2023
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) impair many aspects of everyday life and may prevent access to dental care, often limiting it to emergencies. Impaired oral health has long-lasting negative consequences on health status and on the acquisition of oral habits (e.g., oral respiration and grinding) or competencies (e.g., proper speech production). Children with ASD may be scared in the dental setting, which is rich in sensory stimuli and requires physical contact. Due to their behavioral manifestations, they represent a challenge for dentists and hygienists. We created a dedicated pathway with behavioral support for children with ASD to allow dental care and possibly limit the use of general anesthesia. We evaluated the e ects of behavioral support in a quasi-experimental design by comparing two groups of children with ASD. The first group (n = ) was visited every months for years and received additional support (visual aids, caregiver training, and longer visit duration). A control group, matched for age and sex, was visited at least twice a year or more, if needed, according to standard healthcare guidelines. Results: Compliance with the schedule was high throughout the years. The degree of collaboration significantly improved after year in the supported group, while the control group did not change. At the end of the study, collaboration remained significantly higher than at the beginning in the supported group. Half of dental treatments were possible without general anesthesia in supported children. No adverse e ect was apparent on collaboration due to COVID-restrictions. Discussion: Behavioral techniques improved the compliance of ASD children to regular dentistry visits and treatment. Furthermore, oral hygiene at home was similarly improved, addressing oral health from a lifelong perspective.
Acta Scientific Dental Scienecs
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition with a specific neuropsychological and sensory profile that complicates dental procedures. Consequently, most of these patients are treated under general anesthesia or unnecessary sedation. Contemporary and/ or alternative educational and behavioral approaches may facilitate successful dental care for these patients. A literature review was conducted for relevant information on basic and alternative behavioral approaches for dental care of children with ASD. Basic educational approaches used for neurotypical children can be applied in the dental setting for ASD children. Examples include communication guidance, non-verbal communication, Tell-Show-Do (TSD), voice control, positive reinforcement and descriptive praise, distraction, contingent and non-contingent escape, parental presence/absence, modeling, and desensitization. Additionally, customized behavior guidance plans can be adapted for children with ASD including sensory adapted dental environment (SADE), animal assisted intervention (AAI), picture exchange communication systems (PECS), social stories, or video modeling in advance of the appointment, breaking down dental treatment into sequential components, and modification of the environment to minimize sensory triggers. A review of the published articles on ASD in dentistry reveals that upon understanding of children with ASD as individuals and applying contemporary principles of education and behavioral approaches; most of these patients can be provided with optimal oral health care.