Periodontal infections and cardiovascular disease: the heart of the matter (original) (raw)
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Periodontitis and cardiovascular disease have an association as there are a couple of common etiological factors between the two. There have been an extensive investigation in the recent years on the relationship between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease. This research mostly focused on the fact that periodontitis is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease(CVD). This article reviews the association between periodontitis and CVD. In addition, the potential mechanisms of any association between periodontitis and CVD as well as the effects of periodontal treatment on CVD are discussed. As periodontitis and cardiovascular disease have common risk factors researchers have investigated the relationship between the two in the recent decades. As a result of these research, a relationship between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease has been found. Our aim in this article is to investigate the etiological relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease and the mechanisms involved in this association.
The relationship of periodontal disease to cardiovascular diseases--review of literature
2006
Association of Oral and Systemic diseases has gained importance because the high occurrence of oral diseases is an extremely common source of infection. Epidemiological Studies have presented periodontal diseases as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases. A chronic oral infection such as periodontitis is a constant potential source of infection and has now been considered as a separate risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, peripheral arterial disease and respiratory diseases as well as delivery of low-birth-weight infants. The possible pathways linking oral infections to systemic diseases are metastatic infections, bacterial endotoxins, and systemic vascular injury. People with a history of periodontal disease and/or tooth loss were found at higher risk for Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) as compared to those without periodontal disease and/or tooth loss. All studies on the relationship of periodontal diseases to cardiovascular diseas...
Cardiovascular disease versus periodontal disease: chronic systemic infection as a link
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 2011
Objective: Analysis of the alleged connection between the periodontal and cardiovascular disease, with reference to periodontal pathogens as a risk factor for heart disease. Researching method: A research was carried out at Medline/Pubmed. Included criteria and researching strategy. The articles selection has been made taking into account key-terms appearing either in the title or in the summary. Experimental studies in animals, clinical prospective studies performed with a minimum sample size (>30) and studies written in English have been included. The rejected criteria were the following: clinical retrospective studies and/or studies carried out with a low sample size (n<30). Results: Within systemic diseases related to periodontal ones, the alleged link between periodontal and heart and circulatory disease has been one of the most investigated in recent times. Different authors consider the existence of a link between the diseases as such, inappropriate and implausible since both the diseases have risk factors in common (age, gender, smoking, diet, oral hygiene and diabetes). However, speculations about the origin of the diseases were raised when it was demonstrated that some bacteria species, bacteria proteins and lipopolysaccharide are present at the plaques of atherosclerosis that obstruct the coronary arteries. The mechanisms of this connection have been analyzed following an actualized review. Conclusion: Most of the experimental and clinical studies ensure that a positive association between periodontal disease and heart disease has been found, once the con-founder factors have been eliminated.
Periodontitis and Cardiovasculardisease: Association and Risk
City Dental College Journal, 2013
Periodontitis has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.Two internet databases were selected in search of appropriate papers for the study purpose: i)the National Library of Medicine,Washington DC,USA (MEDLINE-PubMed) and ii) HINARI Access to Research in Health Program,World Health Organization,Geneva,Switzerland.Both databases were searched from 1985 to 2009.In the past decades, there has been renewed interest in the old hypothesis that infections increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.Atherosclerosis has a major inflammatory component and the main underlying pathological pathway for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Periodontal pathogens may be involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and subsequent coronary heart disease.Periodontal pathogenPorphyromonasgingivalis caused atherosclerosis in experimental animals and have been found in human atherosclerotic lesions.The nature of association is unclear because both periodonti...
Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Risk
Revista de Chimie
Atherosclerosis is a major component of the cardiovascular diseases and is centered by inflammation but its well-known predictors do not explain some of the atherosclerotic vascular disease events, generating the need to look for independent additional risk factors. Periodontitis, a chronic infection produced by oral bacteria and affecting the supporting structures of the teeth, seems to be linked with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease through several mechanisms, like genetic susceptibility, systemic inflammation, infection, and the molecular mimicry, the association being worsened in the presence of diabetes. The epidemiological studies revealed a modest but significant association between periodontal infections and cardiovascular disease, independent of the effect of confounding factors, but the definite effect of periodontitis and its treatment on the incidence of cardiovascular events requires further clarifications.
Cardiovascular disease and periodontitis: an update on the associations and risk
Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2008
Background: Associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases have been recognized. Material and Methods: New literature since the last European Workshop on Periodontology has been reviewed. Results: The lack of reliable epidemiological data on disease prevalence makes an assessment of the associations and risks between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases difficult. Two recent meta-analysis reports have identified associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases (odds ratios: 1.1-2.2). Different surrogate markers for both disease entities, including serum biomarkers, have been investigated. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation, and carotid intima media thickness have in some studies been linked to periodontitis. Studies are needed to confirm early results of improvements of such surrogate markers following periodontal therapy. While intensive periodontal therapy may enhance inflammatory responses and impair vascular functions, studies are needed to assess the outcome of periodontal therapies in subjects with confirmed cardiovascular conditions. Tooth eradication may also reduce the systemic inflammatory burden of individuals with severe periodontitis. The role of confounders remain unclear. Conclusions: Periodontitis may contribute to cardiovascular disease and stroke in susceptible subjects. Properly powered longitudinal case-control and intervention trials are needed to identify how periodontitis and periodontal interventions may have an impact on cardiovascular diseases.
Association of Chronic Periodontitis with Cardiovascular Diseases
Pakistan Heart Journal, 2020
Aim of this review was to publish a brief literature review based on recent studies, highlighting the association of chronic periodontitis with cardiovascular ailments. A comprehensive literature study was completed by using two databases and one search engine namely: ‘MEDLINE’, ‘PUBMED’ and ‘GOOGLE SCHOLAR’ respectively. The referenced literature comprised of observational and case studies, systematic reviews, randomized control trials and short communications. Etiological pathophysiology, significance of the association and common mediators of periodontitis as well as cardiovascular diseases were briefly described. Epidemiological studies declared the causative role of chronic periodontitis in cardiovascular pathologies. Periodontal flora and its toxins have been linked to atherosclerosis. Common immune-inflammatory mediators possessed a significant role in the pathogenesis of heart-vascular pathologies. Periodontitis has been considered as an independent risk factor for the initi...
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.11\_Issue.9\_Sep2021/IJHSR-Abstract.036.html, 2021
Different clinical researches have been carried out to find the relationship between cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and Periodontitis. Even the findings and study types of these studies haven't been inconsistent, most of them indicated that the periodontitis may be associated with an increased risk of Cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this review article is to find the strength of the association between CVD and periodontitis. The current evidence supports the significant presence of association between CVD and periodontitis. Also it's seen that CVD patients had worse periodontal and oral hygiene status and fewer teeth than control subjects. Thus we need to conduct more high-quality and well-designed studies focusing on the specific/bidirectional relationship between CVD and periodontitis in the future.
Periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases: Consensus report
Journal of Clinical Periodontology
Background: In Europe cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for 3.9 million deaths (45% of deaths), being ischaemic heart disease, stroke, hypertension (leading to heart failure) the major cause of these CVD related deaths. Periodontitis is also a chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) with a high prevalence, being severe periodontitis, affecting 11.2% of the world's population, the sixth most common human disease.
Periodontitis Effects on Cardiovascular Occlusion: A Risk not to be Underestimated
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.7\_Issue.6\_June2017/IJHSR\_Abstract.019.html, 2017
This paper evaluates the current information on the relationship between oral disease (specifically, Periodontitis) and coronary artery disease (CAD) to determine whether the information is sufficient to conclude that Periodontitis is a risk factor for CAD. Oral infection models have emerged as useful tools to study the hypothesis that periodontal infection is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. Periodontal infections are a leading culprit, with studies reporting associations between periodontal disease and CVD. The results however have varied and it often is unclear what conclusions can be drawn from these data. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Coronary artery disease incidence and prevalence of periodontal disease in such patients.