Castillo Ramírez, G. (2021). Bernardo Mançano Fernandes y el territorio como proceso espacial de construcción política. Las propuestas sobre el poder, la escala y la multiterritorialidad. Finisterra, 56(117), 287-303. (original) (raw)
Investigaciones Geográficas. , 2020
Resumen. El territorio es un concepto que, no obstante su origen geográfico, desde hace varios lustros y en dife-rentes áreas de las ciencias sociales ha tomado relevancia para explicar procesos de tipo político, socioeconómico y cultural, en contextos urbanos y rurales. En el marco de las concepciones de territorio de varias escuelas geográficas (anglosajonas, francófonas, brasileñas, entre otras), este artículo argumenta que los planteamientos del geógrafo brasileño Rogeiro Haesbaert permiten que, en diversas escalas y en marcos de relaciones de poder desiguales con el Estado nación y otros actores sociales, el concepto de territorio de cuenta de procesos de apropiación y disputa del espacio entre diversos grupos sociales e instituciones, y en contextos de carácter político y económico. Particular-mente importantes son las lecturas críticas de Haesbaert sobre las dinámicas de construcción del territorio a través de los procesos de desterritorialización y su propuesta de la(s) multiterritorialidad(es). Palabras clave. territorio, geografía, desterritorialización, multiterritorialidad, territorialización. Abstract. Despite its geographic origin, the concept of territory has been used primarily in various social-science disciplines to account for political, socioeconomic, and cultural processes in both urban and rural contexts. Building upon the concept of territory adopted by various geographic schools (Anglo-Saxon, French, and others), and following the approach of the Brazilian geographer Rogeiro Haes-baert, this article contends that, across different scales and frameworks of asymmetric power relationships between the government and other social actors, the concept of territory accounts for processes of land appropriation and conflict between different social groups and institutions, in various political and economic scenarios. Particularly important are the criticisms of Haesbaert on the dynamics of territory construction through de-territorialization processes and his proposal of multiterritoriality. The first step of the theoretical-methodological strategy followed in this study was to examine the various concepts of territory, particularly those used by contemporary schools of geography in Europe, North America, and Latin America. This facilitated the analysis of various cultural, economic, and political proposals existent around this concept. Subsequently , the political formulations of territory (on which Haesbaert based his proposals) were addressed, based on the conceptual developments previously examined. This, supported in the conception of territory from the standpoint of the exercise of power, allowed focusing on the characteristics , scope, and limitations of the concepts of territory, deterritorialization, and multiterritoriality as formulated by the Brazilian author. Following the approach described above, this article comprises the following sections. First, the place that the concept of territory holds in geography and social science