Antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria in Bulgaria (original) (raw)
Related papers
2010
Despite the medical concerns arising from the emergence of antibiotic resistance, a regress in developing new antibiotic drugs has been registered in the past decades. Therefore, for the next years, the main objective is to slow down the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. At the same time new and alternative strategies are needed to identify novel classes of antibiotics. In this perspective, the present review aims to discuss the magnitude of the emergence of bacterial resistance to approved antibiotics. The first section briefly describes the main mechanisms of resistance-an important issue to be considered for the discovery and design of new effective antibiotics. The next sections deal with the statistical information on antibiotic resistance. International surveillance studies on resistance and antibiotic consumption showed significant variation related to geographic location, type of population and community level care, sampling and analyses procedures. Despite these influences there is a worrying worldwide evolution regarding the development of resistant and multiresistant isolates of pathogens. Strategies to reduce antibiotic resistance should be adapted to each country, region and hospital database. We conclude by considering other issues, such as supervision, infection control policies and educational programs based on enhanced hygiene and decrease of the misuse and abuse of antibiotics, as equally important for the management of the resistance phenomenon.
Anaerobe, 2003
Temporal changes of antibiotic susceptibilities among anaerobes in France are followed in our laboratory since 1992. For Bacteroides strains, resistance increased from 1992 to 1998 for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotetan and clindamycin. The present study evaluates the situation in 2000 for 434 Gram-negative anaerobic clinical isolates (obtained from 9 large university hospitals) by testing amoxicillin and ticarcillin alone or combined with clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, cefotetan, imipenem, clindamycin and metronidazole (using the NCCLS-approved method for MIC determination. The main genera tested included Bacteroides (359 strains of the fragilis group), Prevotella (40 strains), Fusobacterium (23 strains) and miscellaneous species (8 strains). Resistance rates within the B. fragilis group were: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 5.6%, ticarcillin 33%, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid 2%, cefoxitin 13%, cefotetan 44%, clindamycin 33%, imipenem 1% and metronidazole <1%, respectively. Only one...
A multicentre survey of the antibiotic susceptibility of clinical Bacteroides species from Hungary
Infectious Diseases, 2018
Background: The species of the Bacteroides fragilis group are important components of human microbiota, but as opportunistic pathogens they can be the causative agents of severe infections. Methods: The major aims of our investigation were the evaluation of the susceptibility of 400 different Hungarian B. fragilis group isolates to 10 antibiotics by the agar dilution method, the comparison of our resistance data with previous national and international antibiotic resistance data and the comparison of present data in regional aspect. The MIC-values on 10 antibiotics of all the strains were determined with the agar dilution method by CLSI. The presence of the cfiA gene in Division II B. fragilis strains was confirmed by RT-PCR. Results: We detected a relatively high resistance rate of ampicillin, moxifloxacin, clindamycin and tetracycline, but amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, metronidazole, tigecycline and chloramphenicol showed excellent activity. In this study, we found that 6.75% of the isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and 7% to meropenem, while 8.58% of our B. fragilis strains harboured the cfiA gene. Most of the meropenem resistant strains were isolated in one of the participating centres. In the case of meropenem, cefoxitin, clindamycin and high-level-ampicillin-resistant strains, we found significant regional differences. Discussion: Most of the results of our study were concordant with previous national and international data, with the exception of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin and meropenem. Conclusions: Our study highlighted the importance of the periodic monitoring of the antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacteroides species providing important information for the appropriate therapy.
Urmia Medical Journal, 2013
Background & Aims: The presence of resistant bacteria in different parts of hospitals and the problems these persistent bacteria cause in treating the patients urge the necessity of identification and precise knowledge about these bacteria and their sensitivity pattern and resistance against antibiotics. This investigation was conducted in order to determine the sensitivity pattern and resistance against antibiotics in isolated microorganisms from hospitalized patients. Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive sectional investigation which was conducted from January 2009 to January 2011 in Taleghani Hospital in Urmia City and the cultured samples of patients from different parts of the hospital including urine, blood, phlegm, ulcer, discharge, etc. sent to the laboratory were investigated. In order to determine antibiogram disk agar diffusion (DAD) method was used, positive cultures were extracted and their results regarding the type of bacteria and antibiogram results were recorded in the experiment paper. The gathered data were analyzed using SPSS-20 software. Results: From all cultured samples in two years, 964 samples were reported and 640 samples were from hospitalized patients from different parts of the hospital from which 48.4% of the samples were from the male patients and 51.6% from the female patients; and age average of the patients was 60 years and the age range of the patients was from 12 to 99. The highest sensitivity among all samples belonged to vancomycin (more than 90%). and the highest resistance belonged to cephalexin, erythromycin and cefixime (more than 70%). The most common bacterium and the most sensitive antibiotic (with ignoring vancomycin) were as follows, in urine samples: E.Coli 57.9%, nitrofurantoine-blood: negative staph coagulase 33.5%, rifampin-discharge: staph.aureus 38.6%,imipenem-ulcer: staph.aureus 38.6%, nitrofurantoin and co-trimoxazole-sputum : acintobacter 45.5%, rifampin. Conclusion: The results of this research shows extensive increase in the resistance of the bacteria compared to common antibiotics the reason of which may be irregular consumption and prescription of antibiotics, so it is advised that more care shall be used in choosing antibiotics for the treatment and its prescription. Also, precise determination of antibiotic sensitivity pattern needs more extensive investigation with more samples in different treatment centers.
Comparison of Antibiotic Sensitivity of Prevalent Bacteria
Urine specimens collected from in-patients and outpatients in Urmia Imam Hospital, northwest Iran, were cultured on blood agar and Eosin Methylene Blue agar. Isolated bacteria were identified according to standard microbiological tests and then subjected to sensitivity testing according to routine method of disk agar diffusion technique. Out of 8044 and 10425 urine specimens, 8.7% and 11.9% were identified as having urinary tract infection (UTI) in 2002 and 2006, respectively. The most prevalent bacteria belonged to enterobacteriaceae family and in the case of total susceptibility the upmost resistance was recorded against trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (62%) and gentamicin (50%) in 2002, and increased to 69% and 57% in 2006, respectively. The least resistance recorded was to ceftizoxim as 15.6% and 16.8 % in 2002 and 2006, respectively. Antibiotics susceptibility of in-patients was significantly lower than that of outpatients and this was more obvious for cephalosporins. Our findings show a remarkably high prevalence of resistance to the majority of commonly used antibiotics in UTIs, with a decreasing trend in their activities which probably is due to the high rate of antibiotics use in Iran as the first reason. Results of the present study underline the need for sensitivity tests prior to antibiotic therapy in UTI, which could help and guide in proper choosing of antibiotics and effective treatment and, therefore, prevention of antibiotic resistance.
Comparative Study of Antimicrobials Use and the Antibiotic Resistance of Gram Negative Strains
2017
The aim of this study was to perform a comparative evaluation of antibiotics use in the Surgery Department of Timișoara Regional Hospital, Romania, in the first three consecutive months of the year 2015, comparatively with the same interval of the year 2016. For every patient was set up a personal record containing information about: age, diagnosis, pathological product collected, the identified germ, antibiogram, pharmaceutical form of administered antibiotic, dose, number of administrations/day, duration of therapy. Antibiotics specific intake was calculated according to the Defined Daily Dose (DDD)/1000 patients/day. It was revealed, for the monitored antibiotics classes, an increase in the use of fluoroquinolones, accompanied by a decrease of the prescriptions for the other classes. This study also revealed a decrease in the use of cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and carbapenems in the first trimester of 2016, compared with the similar interval of the year 2015 and a significant...
Antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria in New Zealand: 1999-2003
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2006
Objectives: Routine susceptibility testing of all anaerobic organisms is not advocated, but it is useful for laboratories to test periodically for anaerobic organisms and provide local susceptibility data to guide therapy. This study reports the national trend of antibiotic susceptibility of clinically significant anaerobes in New Zealand.
Sri Lankan Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2023
Objective: The aim of our study was to describe the species distribution and changes in the resistance profile of anaerobic bacteria isolated at Tartu University Hospital. Methods: The data for 2010, 2016 and 2020 were analysed retrospectively. The strains were identified by Vitek2 (2010) and MALDI-TOF MS (2016, 2020); and the MIC values for the antibiotics were determined using gradient tests. Resistance was interpreted using EUCAST breakpoints. Results: The average number of anaerobic cultures received during the 10 years increased from 1551 to 5983; (386%).. The most common pathogens were Gram negative anaerobic rodshaped bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp. and Prevotella spp.). The percentage of susceptible strains in the three years studied was stable for the majority of drug-bug combinations tested, except beta-lactam antibiotic sensitivity (Bacteroides spp. sensitivity to imipenem and ampicillin-sulbactam, Fusobacterium spp. and Prevotella spp. to penicillin). There were significant differences in the MIC values (p < 0.05) when comparing 2020 with 2016. The MIC was higher among Bacterioides spp. ampicillin-sulbactam, Bacteriodes fragilis for imipenem and Prevotella for imipenem, ampicillin-sulbactam and clindamycin in 2020 than in 2016. The same was observed in 2020 vs 2010 among Prevotella spp. MIC for metronidazole, penicillin and cefoxitin. In contrast, the MIC values were surprisingly lower in 2020 than in 2010 for other Gram-negative rods. Conclusions: There was no shift in the spectrum of microbial groups as causative agents of clinical infections during the 2010-2020 period. However, due to the improvement of identification methods, the number of identified species increased. The resistance pattern of anaerobes was stable, but the changes in MIC values may indicate a further steady increase in 2 SLJID • www. http://sljol.info/index.php/SLJID • Vol. 13, No. 1, April 2023 resistance. The surveillance of antibiotic resistance of anaerobes is important to predict the efficiency of empirical treatment.