King size or all size: Proposing a typology of amplification translation technique for children picturebook translation (original) (raw)
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Various Modes for Various Receivers. Audience Design in the Context of Picturebook Translation
Picturebooks are multimodal compositions: their message is built in the interplay of two separate modes, the verbal and the visual, words and images. The multimodal aspect of picturebooks also includes an aural aspect, since the books are usually read aloud. Since the meaning of a text is constructed in the interaction of all of its components, it is necessary for the translator to be able to interpret inter-mode relations and the ways in which modes combine to convey a message. Since children comprise the (primary) target audience of picturebooks, all choices made by a picturebook translator are guided by the translator’s child image; the way in which the translator perceives the needs of the future reader (Oittinen 2004: 4). In this article we set out to illustrate that the concept of a translator’s child image largely resembles the sociolinguistic concept of Audience Design—a receiver-oriented approach to communication, according to which speakers modify their style of communication depending on what their audience is like. In this article we reflect on the ways in which a translator’s conception of their target audience affects the choices made during a translation process. We elaborate on these observations with examples selected from the Finnish translations of The Tale of Peter Rabbit by Beatrix Potter (1902), and a reflection of the translation process of the Russian folk tale Fish in the Forest by Hugh Lupton and Niamh Sharkey (1998).
Strategies in Translating Children Stories
Jurnal SORA, 2021
The aims of this research is look for vocabulary in a story and determine the types of translation strategies into English-Indonesian and Indonesian-English. The data collected in this study were taken on a children's story entitled "The Emperor's New Clothes" which consisted of five analyzes and refer to Castillo's theory. (2019) Classifications of translation strategy include addition, subtraction, cultural equivalents, synonyms, and adaptations. The use of a translation strategy like Procession is a form of adaptation from the Indonesian language prosesi. This word meaning has the same translation but the use of the meaning was differently. Furthermore, the research method used in this discussion is a qualitative method where the writer use data collection techniques with tables. As conclusion, the writer describes the translation strategy as a source of problem solving and must form a translation of words, phrases, or sentences based on linguistic rules.
Translation Shift Analysis in Bilingual Children’s Book entitled Kumpulan Dongeng Motivasi
Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Language, Literature and Education (ICILLE 2018)
This descriptive qualitative research was conducted to find out the types of translation shift based on Catford's theory. The data was taken from bilingual children book entitled Kumpulan Dongeng Motivasi. In this case, Bahasa Indonesia as source language (SL) and English as target language (TL). Documentation method was applied in collecting the data. The instrument of this research was human instrument. In analyzing the data, the researcher used content analysis method. After collecting and analyzing the data, it was found that two major types of shift occurred in the process of translation, namely level shift and category shift. The result showed that there are 340 data that contain shift, in which of the total shift, 6.76% is level shift, 39.9% is structure shift, 8.23% is class shift, 26.17% is unit shift, and 27.1% is intrasystem shift. This research also found that 1.17% of total shift is double shift of unit shift and intra-system shift. Therefore, it can be concluded that the most frequent shift used is structure shift while the least one is class shift.
Translating Picturebooks: Revoicing the Verbal, the Visual and the Aural for a Child Audience
Translating Picturebooks examines the role of illustration in the translation process of picturebooks and how the word-image interplay inherent in the medium can have an impact both on translation practice and the reading process itself. The book draws on a wide range of picturebooks published and translated in a number of languages to demonstrate the myriad ways in which information and meaning is conveyed in the translation of multimodal material and in turn, the impact of these interactions on the readers’ experiences of these books. The volume also analyzes strategies translators employ in translating picturebooks, including issues surrounding culturally-specific references and visual and verbal gaps, and features a chapter with excerpts from translators’ diaries written during the process. Highlighting the complex dynamics at work in the translation process of picturebooks and their implications for research on translation studies and multimodal material, this book is an indispensable resource for students and researchers in translation studies, multimodality, and children’s literature. Published by Routledge, 2018.
RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 2020
Every human has their own characteristics of languages and in order to understand one language to another languages, then, translation was essential and fully needed. In order to avoid the awkward translation, therefore the translator must use a technique in translating the texts. The research aimed at analyzing the equivalence between the source language and its translations based on the translation techniques applied by translator. This research focused on the amplification and transposition techniques could be seen on the imperative sentences especially command. The research was conducted by applying qualitative method. The research was conducted by applying library research and observation methods. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative method. The study applied two methods to present the analysis of data as follows informal and formal method. Target of research did not involve participants however, this research focused on analyzing data was English comm...
The Effects of Translation Shifts on The Readability in Translation of Children's Literature
Asian Social Science; Vol. 12, No. 6, 2016
This study examines the effects of translation shifts on the level of readability in translating children's literature. It conducts this study on three Persian translations of "Alice's Adventures in the Wonderland" to rank Catford's shifts based on their effects on the readability of translation. To do that, in this study, the typology of Catford's shifts will be extended, and the way to measure text readability will be modulated to include the effects of these shifts on the translation readability. Thus, Ranking 14 types of shifts, the study reveals that complex shifts (represented as clauses and groups in the texts) are more effective than simple shifts (which are symbolized as single word-nouns and adjective, determiners-in the text) on the readability of translations. This means the complex shifts are more recognizable for children. Of course, verbs, although are mostly the representatives of simple shifts, are very effective on readability of text. Since, they, along with clause and group segments, are will recognizable for them. Therefore children cannot determine the place of single words in the text, but are expert in realizing word clusters in form of clauses and groups.
Translating for children: Equivalence paradigm or purpose paradigm? An explanatory attempt
MCSER publication
Translation of children’s literature has always been a crucial concern for professional and trainee translators. This is due to the alleged vulnerability of its reader in terms of understanding of both developmental factors and the world of childhood. And the central issue in translation for the intended ilk of people is the adult-child duality (Klingberg, 1986, p.10) that sparks the question of what counts as children’s literature. However, in this article we are mainly concerned with children’s literature. Translator as a powerful mediator should consider all facets of translation when dealing with children’s literature as well. Nida (1964, pp.164-71) points out decoding ability is categorized into four subgroups of which the first group belongs to children. To this effect, translator should consider the taste of children in translation with the purpose of fulfilling their needs thoroughly. The present study concentrates on challenging the two prominent paradigms in children’s lit...
English Literature and Linguistics, 2009
Many people believe that translating for children is easy. The logic behind this assumption seems to be that work written for children is easier to read than work written for adults, and if it is easier to read then it must, therefore, be easier to translate. In a sense this is true; the lexico- grammatical qualities of work for children are sometimes less complex than those of work for adults. And even if we do not take the simplistic view that translation is simply a matter of finding lexical and grammatical equivalents in two different coding systems, we could still argue that the reduced difficulty of translating the words and grammar gives us more freedom to worry about other features of the text. It might be that translating for children is easier than translating for adults, but there are ample reasons for arguing that it is not. These reasons derive from three main areas, all specific to the act of translating for children rather than adults; i) the powerfully heterogeneous nature of the group that we collectively call 'children' ii) actual linguistic and knowledge based differences between children in different countries and cultures, and iii) variable, culturally dependant assumptions about the nature of 'children' and 'children's literature'. The aim of this paper is not to decide a winner in any kind of difficulty ratings, but rather to discuss the factors which complicate translation for children, and in doing so, to counter the assumption that translation for children is simple and easy.