Digital innovation and funeral practices: Māori and Samoan perspectives during the COVID-19 pandemic (original) (raw)

Transcending Old Boundaries: Digital Afterlife in the Age of COVID-19

ArXiv, 2021

The primary objective of our exploratory research is to contribute to the ongoing conversation on Digital Afterlife from the lenses of Global South during the COVID-19 period. Digital Afterlife is fast becoming a challenge for our increasingly connected society. Moreover, the situation got worse with the COVID-19 pandemic. The on-going research is to address the disparity in the Global South, specifically in countries like Indonesia, India and The Philippines compared to the Global North for Digital Afterlife services such as policies and digital mourning services. By addressing the research question, 'What services and policy frameworks are available for Digital Afterlife in the Global South during COVID-19?', we aim to find the multitude of ways people in the Global South are managing their digital footprints. Our preliminary findings show that some considerable research and death related digital services and innovation have taken place during the pandemic. However, overwh...

Te Whakatara! – Tangihanga and bereavement COVID-19

The Ethnographic Edge

New Zealand responded swiftly to the Covid-19 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to prevent the spread of sickness and prevent unnecessary deaths. The government initiated a four-level social distancing alert system with specified measures at each level to manage and minimise the risk of COVID-19. By late March 2020, Alert Level 4 required people to stay in their homes in their ‘bubbles’ or family units. Social contact was restricted other than for essential personal movement and travel was severely limited. The Ministry of Health (2020) produced tangihanga (funeral rituals) policy guidelines for Māori, requiring the immediate collection of the deceased’s body by a funeral director. Gatherings to do with death and post-death customs were severely restricted and all marae (indigenous gathering places, land, buildings) were closed and burials could only include the immediate family bubble. In this autoethnographic paper, we draw on one Māori family’s experien...

New mourners, old mourners: Online memorial culture as a chapter in the history of mourning

How does online mourning differ from offline mourning? Demographic, social and technological changes alter mourners’ social relationships with both the living and the dead, and hence their experiences of grief. Online technologies comprise the latest chapter in this story; earlier chapters include family/community mourning (pre-industrial), private mourning (twentieth century), and public mourning (turn of the millennium). Pervasive social media in which users generate their own content have significantly shifted mourners’ social interactions and the norms that govern them, partly in new directions (such as enfranchising previously stigmatised griefs; more potential for conflict between mourners and others) but partly returning to something more like the relationships of the pre-industrial village (such as everyday awareness of mortality, greater use of religious imagery, more potential for conflict among mourners). Online, mourners can experience both greater freedom to be themselves and increased social pressure to conform to group norms as to who should be mourned and how.

Death of a king: digital ritual and diaspora

In an age of social networking, transnational diasporic communities are actively participating in the flow of new media and technology, becoming increasingly interconnected and in closer cultural proximity. With the death of the Tongan King Tupou V, Tongans are communicating, (re)connecting, exchanging information and cultural practices as they turn not just towards Tonga but towards diasporic spaces of connecting. Tapu as a cultural practice deeply rooted and situated within Tongan social life is being renegotiated digitally as digital ritual. This paper adds to the concept of digital diaspora by including a digital ritual component that reconfigures the formation and contestation of social space and proposes a distinct sociospatial orientation to digital technology. The ritual literature is engaged as digital rituals are considered a sub-genre of Couldry's media rituals. Distinct indigenous cultural practices within diasporic communities are reconstituted and structured through digital ritual engagement and participation in digital space. The Moanan (Oceanian) understanding of time and space as ‘tā’ and ‘vā’ lends to a genealogical theorizing of digital diaspora and social networking, resulting in a distinct sociospatial inhabitation of the Internet. Facebook for Tongans represents broad swathes of social connections we might conceptualize as a digital, portable homeland, which contests and rearticulates social relations through digitality.

What’s On Your Mind? Deathscape of Filipino Postmortem Remembrance and Mourning Practices on Facebook

European Journal of Language and Culture Studies

People’s lives have had a major shift since the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic all over the globe. Death and burial practices in the Philippines during the pandemic have been a challenge faced by the bereaved family. Due to the threat of the deadly virus, these public religious practices were posed with serious challenges and necessary restrictions. In previous years, studies that investigate the digital practice of postmortem mourning and grieving are limited (Lagerkvist, 2013; Mukherjee & Williams, 2014; Gamba, 2018). In the Philippines, digital mourning is a relatively new phenomenon and Sapalo (2021) contended that this phenomenon must be paid with keen attention to how it develops over the next months and even years. A total of 50 Facebook posts (n=4,187 words) were gathered from the Facebook timeline of ten (10) deceased Filipinos contracted by the COVID-19 virus and 31 Filipino digital mourners who have shared the said posts were interviewed. Using qualitative research throug...

Living in the digital ether: The evolution of bereavement and abolishment of death in a technological society.

Death seems to be a permanent and unchanging event, when one's life draws to an end the lives of others are forever changed. When one thinks of the funeral they think of black hats, coffins, and of old rituals. It would seem foreign and inappropriate somehow to involve computers and technology in the death industry. Throughout this essay, one will see a brief introduction to social media, a look at historical rituals of the Judeo-Christian funeral rites and lastly the benefits of social media to mourners. This essay hopes to not only explore the evolution of death and bereavement, but to provide supporting evidence and proof that social media websites aid in the brief and process. Using Durkheim's social solidarity and Goffman's impression management, hopefully these will become clearer to the reader as they progress. Keywords: death, rituals, funeral, social media, facebook, evolution, impressions.