The Efficiency of Using Salicylic Acid, Gibberellic Acid and Silicon, on the Productivity of the Maize Plant (Zea Maize L.) Under Salt- Affected Soil Conditions (original) (raw)
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The aim of the present investigation was to determine the effect of exogenously applied salicylic acid (SA) on physiology of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid cv. 3025 grown in saline field (pH 8.4 and EC 4.2 ds/m) as well as on the nutrient status of saline soil. The salicylic acid (10-5 M) was applied as foliar spray, 40 days after sowing (DAS) at vegetative stage of maize plants. The salinity significantly increased sugar contents, protein, proline and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) activities but the chlorophyll, carotenoid contents, osmotic potential and membrane stability index (MSI) were lower than the control. Foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) to salt stressed plants further augmented the sugar, protein, proline, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) activities, endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) , indole acetic acid (IAA) content, and root length, fresh and dry weights of roots whereas, the chlorophyll a/b and ABA/IAA ratio were decreased. The exogenous application of SA significantly decreased the Na + , Ni +3 , Pb +4 , Zn +2 , and Na + /K + content of soil and roots while increased the Co +3 , Mn +2 , Cu +3 , Fe +2 , K + and Mg +2 content under salinity stress. It can be inferred that exogenous application of SA (10-5 M) was effective in ameliorating the adverse effects of salinity on nutrient status of soil. SA (10-5 M) can be implicated to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity on maize plants.
Alleviating the adverse effect of salinity on Maize by the ameliorative effect of salicylic acid
Egyptian Journal of Agronomy, 2016
Egypt, to study the effect of three levels of irrigation water salinity (0.5, 2.75, 5.5 dSm-1) and spraying leaves with salicylic acid (0, 100, 200 ppm) on growth, grain yield, and the components of maize grain yield. Split plot with four replicates was the experimental design. The results revealed that at midseason, irrigation with saline water significantly decreased plant height (cm), fresh weight of plant (g), and dry weight of plant (g). However, number of leaves/plant, leaves area/plant (m 2) and leaf area index were not significantly affected. Also, at mid-season foliar spraying with salicylic acid significantly increased fresh weight of plant (g) and dry weight of plant (g). However, plant height (cm), number of leaves/plant, leaves area/plant (m 2), and leaf area index were not significantly affected. At end-season irrigation with saline water significantly decreased ear height (cm), ear weight (g), number of grains/row, 100 kernel weight (g), grain yield (g/plot), biological yield (g/plot), straw yield (g/plot) and harvest index while number of rows/ear had not been affected significantly. Also, at end-season foliar application of salicylic acid significantly increased all the studied parameters except for ear height (cm), number of rows/ear and harvest index. The interaction between salinity and salicylic acid was not significant for all the studied parameters except for grain yield meaning that every factor is acting independently from each other. In conclusion, salicylic acid could be used as an antioxidants or potential growth regulator to improve maize growth and grain yield under salinity conditions.
Improved salinity tolerance in early growth stage of maize through salicylic acid foliar application
Italian Journal of Agronomy, 2021
Soil salinity threatens agricultural production worldwide by constraining plant growth and final crop yield. The early stages are most sensitive to salinity, in response to which salicylic acid (SA) has demonstrated beneficial effects in various plant species. Based on this, a maize (Zea mays L.) pot experiment was set up combining three levels of soil salinity (0, 6 and 12 dS m–1), obtained through NaCl addition, with three levels of SA (0, 300 and 600 mM), applied by leaf spraying 20 days after seedling emergence. Fifteen days later, the following traits were assessed: morphology (plant height, leaf number), growth (root and shoot dry weight), leaf water status [relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (EL)], pigments (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, anthocyanin), antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, vitamin C), oxidative stress markers (H2O2, malondialdehyde), osmo-regulating compounds (free amino acids, soluble proteins and sugars, proline)...
Fayoum Journal of Agricultural Research and Development, 2011
A field study was conducted on a sandy loam soil that is suffering from salinity stress and Zn-deficient at a newly reclaimed area of Galbana Village No. 7, Sahl El-Tina, North Sinai, Egypt during a growing summer season of 2009 to identify some scientific approaches for alleviating the negative effect of soil salinity stress on the future projects in agricultural utilization. The applied treatments were two solid N-mineral forms (i.e., urea of 46 N% and ammonium sulfate of 20.6 N%) were added at the recommended dose of 120 kg N/fed as soil application as well as three liquid mixtures of (1.0 g K-humate of 85 % + 0.5 g Zn SO 4 , which dissolved in 1 L water), (0.5 g Zn SO 4 dissolved in 1 L of soaking water extract of compost tea) and (0.75 g ZnSO 4 dissolved in 1 L water) were added at two equal doses of 300 L/fed for each one either as foliar spray on plants or as soil application on the soil rows of growing plants. Maize (Zea mais L., Three cross 321 cv.) was undertaken as plant indicator to identify its possible response to grow under soil salinity stress of Sahl El-Tina area as well as the relationship between either maize yield or grain quality and the expected amelioration process in the experimental soil properties as a result of the applied treatments. The obtained results indicated that the experimental soil could be classified as "Typic Torriorthents, loamy skeletal, mixed, thermic". Also, wetness, soil texture, CaCO 3 , gypsum and salinity/alkalinity represent the main limitations for soil productivity, with an intensity degree of moderate (65-75%), for wetness, soil texture and salinity/alkalinity as well as slight (90-85 %) for the other ones. The suitability classes for irrigated agriculture land in both current and potential conditions could be belong the marginally (S3ws 1 n) and moderately (S2s 1) suitable classes, respectively. Moreover, the resultant adaptations of soil suitability class for cultivating maize plants could be considered as marginally suitable (S3s 1 n), and limiting factors of soil texture and salinity/alkalinity in the current condition. Soil suitability becomes a moderately suitable (S2s 1) in the potential condition, and soil texture still becomes a limiting factor. The obtained results showed also that the studied maize plant parameters such as growth characters (i.e., nutrient contents uptake by leaf tissues), ear characters (i.e., length and diameter), biological yield (i.e., grain and stalk yields fed-1), grain quality (i.e., weight of 100 kernels and crude protein %) and grain nutritional status (i.e., N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn contents) were recorded the best values at the applied rates of ammonium sulfate as a main source of Nmineral as compared to the same applied rats of urea. In addition, the liquid fertilizer mixture of (0.5 g Zn SO 4 dissolved in 1 L of soaking water extract of compost tea) surpassed the other applied two mixtures for the previous plant parameters. Moreover, the applied liquid fertilizer mixtures, in general, were more effective on plant parameters when added as soil application on soil rows of grown plants as compared with directly foliar spray on plants.
Salicylic Acid Induced Salinity Tolerance in Maize ( Zea Mays )
2013
Salicylic acid (SA) a naturally occurring plant hormone is an essential signal molecule recognized to have diverse effects on biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. The present study was planned to investigate the role of SA in salt tolerance of maize. Experiment was conducted to study the SA induce physiological and biochemical changes in two genotypes of maize viz., Sahiwal-2002 and EV-20 in the presence and absence of salt. Salicylic acid @ 0, 0.25 and 0.50 mM along with 120 mM NaCl and Hogland's nutrient solution were applied as rooting medium to 25 days old plants. Results revealed that application of 0.50 mM salicylic acid was most effective to reduce Na but increased K and Ca concentration, shoot biomass as well as better yield under salt stress. Exogenous application of different concentrations of SA enhanced photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, sub-stomatal CO2 concentration, chlorophyll b contents and carotenoids in both genotypes of maize under...
Salt Stress Alleviation with Salicylic Acid on the Yield of Maize (Zea mays L. cultivar NMH-909)
2014
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of salicylic acid on the yield of salt stressed Zea mays L. cultivar NMH-909 plants. The application of salicylic acid was done as foliar spray, 40 days after sowing at the vegetative stage of maize plants. The effect of salicylic acid was observed at four different levels of salinity viz. control, 4dSm -1 , 8dSm -1 and 12dSm -1 .The application of salicylic acid was found effective in the amelioration of detrimental effects of salt stress on maize plants. The plants with applied salicylic acid showed much better yield in comparison to those plants which were not treated with salicylic acid. Under non-saline conditions, salicylic acid application in 150 ppm concentration was the most effective. In saline conditions, the improvement increased with the increase in the salicylic acid concentration and 150ppm salicylic acid gave best results, proving to be the most effective concentration in mitigating the harmful effects of salin...
It has been proposed that salicylic acid (SA) acts as an endogenous signal molecule responsible for inducing abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The effect of varying salicylic acid (SA) supply (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mM) on growth, mineral uptake, membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation, H 2 O 2 concentration, UV-absorbing substances, chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations of NaCl (40 mM) stressed maize (Zea mays L.) was investigated. Exogenously applied SA increased plant growth significantly both in saline and non-saline conditions. As a consequence of salinity stress, lipid peroxidation, measured in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and membrane permeability was decreased by SA. UV-absorbing substances (UVAS) and H 2 O 2 concentration were increased by increasing levels of SA. SA also strongly inhibited Na + and Cl À accumulation, but stimulated N, Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu concentrations of salt stressed maize plants. These results suggest that SA could be used as a potential growth regulator to improve plant salinity stress resistance.
Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 2014
A comparison study between the foliar application effects of the gibberellic acid (GA3), salicylic acid (SA) and silicon on the nutritional content of the maize plant leaves (Zea mays L. CV.) has been carried out through a pot experiment using an irrigation saline water. Chlorophyll, macroand micro-nutrients contents of the plant leaves were estimated for the untreated and the treated plants by a 100 mg L À1 solution of GA3, SA or Si. GA3 was found to be the most effective for resisting the severe salinity effects on the leaves' chlorophyll followed by the Si then the SA. In almost the same order, the Fe, Zn and Si toxicity due to the salinity effects on the leaves could be reduced. Cu and Mn deficiency might be controlled but to a limited extent by SA then by GA3. Silicon ions may compete for the Na + ions and hence reduce their absorption by the maize plants.
2021
Purpose Salinity pose severe threat to cultivation as it drastically affects the plant sustainability and yield. The intended aim of current consensus is to assess effects of sodium silicate and salicylic acid on wheat genotypes (slat tolerant and salt sensitive) grown under salt. Methods This experiment was designed to check the effect of silicon on wheat varieties, so four different wheat genotypes named as (Umeed, Rasco, Zarghoon and Shahkaar) were grown in hydroponics under saline and normal environment. Sodium silicate and salicylic acid were applied on all varieties to determine the slat tolerance ability. Plants were harvested at maturity and different physical and chemical aspects were recorded. Results To assess the salt stress on growth and yield of wheat genotypes. Wheat grown in saline conditions with sodium silicate supplementation showed improvement in all growth parameters as compared to the plants grown under salt stress without silicon supplementation. Higher conten...
American Journal of Life Sciences, 2013
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of exogenous application of Salicylic Acid (200 ppm) to alleviate the damage in Zea mays L. plants under different NaCl doses (20, 40, 60 and 100 mMol). Shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights, leaf area, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll stability index were measured. The antioxidant enzymes (lipid peroxidase and glutathione) activities were estimated. NaCl significantly (P < 0.05) reduced all measured growth parameters, photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant oxidative enzyme contents. Exogenous application of SA alleviated the inhibitory effects of NaCl on Zea Mays plants. SA enhanced plant salt tolerance in terms of improving the measured plant growth criteria. Moreover, the antioxidant enzyme contents were enhanced in response to NaCl and/or SA treatment providing s synergistic interaction. The toxic effects generated by the lower concentration of NaCl (20mM) were completely overcome by the application of SA .SA ameliorated the stress generated by NaCl through the antioxidant system and the stability of the photosynthetic process.