Quickly Updatable Hologram Images Using Poly(N-vinyl Carbazole) (PVCz) Photorefractive Polymer Composite (original) (raw)
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Dynamic holographic images using poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-based photorefractive composites
Polymer Journal, 2013
We present the optimization of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVCz)-based photorefractive composite films for use in a dynamic holographic imaging system. The compositions of the composite films used in this study included PVCz/4azacycloheptylbenzylidenemalononitrile (7-DCST)/carbazoylethylpropionate (CzEPA), N-ethylcarbazole, benzyl n-butyl phthalate/ [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester or 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (TNF) (44/35/20/1 wt%). PVCz with molecular weights of 23 000, 100 000, 290 000, 370 000 and 810 000 g mol À1 were used. The photorefractive polymeric composite (PPC) film (PVCz with M w : 370 000/7-DCST/CzEPA/TNF, 44/35/20/1 wt%) was observed to be the most well-balanced for photorefractive performance. To demonstrate the practical application of these films, dynamic holographic images were reflected from a spatial light modulator. The optimized PPC film was used in the dynamic holographic imaging system, and well-balanced dynamic holographic images were obtained. The results from this study will contribute to the development of four-dimensional (4D À3D plus time) holographic displays.
Polymeric photorefractive composite for holographic applications
Polymer, 2001
Applications of photorefractive polymeric composite for holographic data storage medium and phase conjugation mirror were demonstrated. Polymeric material composed of photoconducting carbazole-substituted polysiloxane matrix, 2,4,7-trinitro-9-¯uorenone, and 2-{3-[(E)-2-(dibutylamino)-1-ethenyl]-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexeny liden}malononitrile chromophore exhibited a diffraction ef®ciency of 92% at an electric ®eld of 30 V/mm. Holographic recording, reading, and erasing of single page image were demonstrated using the 100 mm thick polymeric composite. We also demonstrated that the distorted phase of the object beam introduced by a image distorter was successfully restored using a phase conjugation mirror. q
Polymer Journal, 2014
A photorefractive (PR) composite based on poly(4-(diphenylamino)benzyl acrylate) (PDAA) as a host photoconductive matrix is reported. The PR performance was investigated at three different wavelengths (532, 561, 594 nm), and an optimized operating wavelength of 532 nm was obtained. The PDAA composite had high sensitivity at 532 nm with a maximum diffraction efficiency of 480%, which was achieved at an applied electric field of 40 V lm À1. An application with a hologram display system using the PR composite was demonstrated. A clear and updatable hologram of an object was successfully reconstructed in real time, even at a low applied electric field of 25 V lm À1 .
Visible and near infrared sensitive photorefractive polymers for holographic display applications
2007
This work presents recent advances in photorefractive polymer composites towards improved efficiency, speed, persistence of holograms and sensitivity at both visible and near infrared wavelengths. Besides the pure performance characteristics, a thin-device approach is presented to reduce operating voltage of these devices to practical levels and these materials are analyzed in both reflection and transmission geometries. The thin device operating at 1.3kV holds erasable, Bragg holograms with 80% efficiency in addition to its video-rate response time. The transition of hologram state from 'thick' to 'thin' is analyzed in detail. On the near IR portion of spectrum, new photorefractive polymer composites have been developed that enable high performance operation at 845nm and 975nm. Utilizing our novel photorefractive materials we demonstrate large diffraction efficiency in four-wave mixing experiments and video-rate response times. A major step towards achieving submillisecond response times is obtained through recording photorefractive gratings with individual nanosecond pulses at 532nm. At 4 mJ/cm2 illumination, a maximum diffraction efficiency of 56% has been obtained with a build-up time of only 300mus (t1). This fast response enables applications in optical processing requiring frame rates of 100Hz or more. Due to the short duration of the writing pulses, the recording is insensitive to vibrations. Combining molecules that have different frontier orbital energies in a copolymer system and utilizing thermal fixing approach has led to long grating lifetimes of more than several hours. Later, in this dissertation, two low-glass-transition photorefractive polymer composites are investigated in reflection geometry. 60% is diffraction efficiency is observed in 105mum thick devices of a PVK based composite. The reflection holograms are more sensitive to reading angle and slight birefringence due to the poling of chromophores has proven to cause a Bragg mismatch.
Recent advances in photorefractive polymers
SPIE Proceedings, 2011
Photorefractive composites derived from conducting polymers offer the advantage of dynamically recording holograms without the need for processing of any kind. Thus, they are the material of choice for many cutting edge applications, such as updatable three-dimensional (3D) displays and 3D telepresence. Using photorefractive polymers, 3D images or holograms can be seen with the unassisted eye and are very similar to how humans see the actual environment surrounding them. Absence of a large-area and dynamically updatable holographic recording medium has prevented realization of the concept. The development of a novel nonlinear optical chromophore doped photoconductive polymer composite as the recording medium for a refreshable holographic display is discussed. Further improvements in the polymer composites could bring applications in telemedicine, advertising, updatable 3D maps and entertainment.
Photorefractive polymers for holography
Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 2013
This review describes the current state-of-the-art of photorefractive polymers for holography. The analysis of this rich field begins with a brief historical perspective followed by descriptions of prevailing physical models relating basic parameters of the polymer constituents to the bulk response of the final device. Methods for probing these responses and the underlying phenomena are discussed followed by an overview of the recent holographic applications of photorefractive polymers. V
Studies on some non-conjugated and conjugated polymer systems for holographic recording
2019
Holographic 3D displays provide highly realistic images without the need for special eyewear, making them valuable tools. Current commercially available holographic 3D displays employ photopolymers that lack image updating capability, resulting in their limited use and high cost per 3D image. Photorefractive polymers are dynamic holographic materials that permit recording of highly efficient reversible holograms. The present chapter gives a brief introduction to photorefractive polymers. Mechanism of photorefractive polymers, requirement of photorefractive medium and different materials used for the fabrication of photorefractive devices are discussed in detail. Theoretical and experimental techniques used for design, fabrication and characterization of photorefractive polymers are also outlined. Discussions are also focused on conducting polymers, especially on conjugated photoconducting polymers. Moreover, the role of photosensitizers for achieving higher carrier generation effici...
International Journal of Photoenergy, 2010
Carbazolic copolymers have been developed to be used in reversible holographic recording. This paper describes a complete analysis, from synthesis of the material to its applications, together with the corresponding characterizations. The investigated materials were photosensitive copolymers obtained from carbazolylalkylmethacrylates (CEM) and octylmethacrylate (OMA). A detailed investigation was undertaken involving infrared spectroscopy and NMR techniques, 1 H, 13 C, COSY, and HSQC, in order to establish the chemical structure and the composition of the copolymers. Holographic recording characteristics were investigated with one-and two-layer photothermoplastic carriers. The two-layer carrier contains separate photosensitive and thermoplastic layers and gives the best holographic response. The surface of microstructured samples has been characterized by atomic force microscopy analysis. It is shown that via a photothermoplastic recording process, it is possible to record and read holograms practically in real time (∼3 s) with a diffraction efficiency of 10% and a spatial resolution higher than 1000 mm −1 .
Photoconducting Polymers for Photorefractive 3D Display Applications
Chemistry of Materials, 2011
Photorefractive composites derived from photoconducting polymers offer the advantage of dynamically recording holograms without the need for processing of any kind. Thus, they are the material of choice for many cutting edge applications, such as updatable 3D displays and imaging through a scattering medium. This article reviews the basic properties of photorefractive polymer systems and the inherent advantages that have attracted much attention. The chemistry and physics relevant for the design of the high-performance guest-host composite are discussed and recent advances emphasized. In particular, a charge transporting polymer with high mobility and historyindependent response times is highlighted, as well as polymer systems useful for holographic displays and the material considerations necessary to develop high-speed, large-sensitivity composites.