The Present and Future of Audio Description and Subtitling for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in Spain (original) (raw)
Related papers
Audiovisual translation: Subtitling for the deaf and hard-of-hearing
2005
The present thesis is a study of Subtitling for the Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (SDH) with special focus on the Portuguese context. On the one hand, it accounts for a descriptive analysis of SDH in various European countries with the aim of arriving at the norms that govern present practices and that may be found in the form of guidelines and / or in actual subtitled products. On the other hand, it is the result of an Action Research project that aimed at contributing towards the improvement of SDH practices in Portugal. These two lines of research are brought together in the proposal of a set of guidelines -Sistema de Legendagem vKv -for the provision of SDH on Portuguese television.
2018
Today, our society can be considered as an “information society”. In fact, the audiovisual media are ubiquitous in our lives and represent an essential tool for accessing information. Hence, the importance of equal opportunity and social integration of disabled people. Social pressure, as well as the legal framework, is increasing in order to remove the barriers that this target group faces when trying to get access to information through audiovisual media on an equal basis with non-disabled people. Deafness, both pre-locutive and acquired, can also be associated or derived from other disabling conditions which the project deals with. This work contributes to the training of translators interested in communicating with people with disabilities, and the research we carried out shed light on the communication gaps faced by disadvantaged groups. Our study focuses on people with hearing impairment and their access to audiovisual media just as the hearing people via SDH or subtitling for the deaf and hard-of-hearing in Spain. This adapted system is, so far, the most efficient way for this group to access entertainment, culture and information, and, therefore, it represents substantial improvements in their quality of life. In 2003, the Spanish Association of Standardization and Certification (AENOR) published a standard with subtitling guidelines for deaf and hard of hearing people as a result of consultations with all interested parties (users, subtitlers, TV operators, etc.). In 2012 an upgrade was performed and is currently being applied in Spain (AENOR: 2012). The present work attempts to deepen in the knowledge of the profile of people who use Subtitles for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (SDH). It studies especially the perception of the quality of SDH by the Spanish hearing impaired public and tries to find out if there is a specific relationship between the user’s auditory profile and the level of satisfaction with SDH. In order to achieve this goal, a questionnaire for the hearing impaired was prepared and distributed through different institutions. Later, a descriptive analysis of the replies received was performed.
2018
This paper presents a comparison of legislation and creation of Subtitles for the Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (SDH) in Brazil, United Kingdom, United States of America and Canada. The main goal of this paper is to show how each country uses their legislation to create accessibility through the SDH. By defining Translation and Audiovisual Translation, alongside Subtitling and Subtitles for the Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing, we understand how the subtitles are created and thus create accessibility. In the comparison, the laws of each country are described, how the creation of its subtitles happens and policies taken by each country to increase accessibility.
Subtitling for deaf and hard of hearing audiences Moving forward
Subtitling for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Audiences. Moving forward, 2018
Any attempt to map subtitling for deaf and hard of hearing audiences (SDH) 50 years after its introduction on television will show that this audiovisual translation (AVT) modality has since come a very long way in terms of its acceptance, provision of services and research activity. Such subtitles are designed for people with hearing impairment because, in addition to rendering speech, they identify speakers and provide extra information about sound effects and music. Quite a novel concept to many Europeans only a few years ago, and an understudied topic even at the turn of the century, in recent years SDH has attracted the interest of regulators, professionals and academics, and particularly that of AVT researchers, who have contributed to raising awareness of its affordances and complexity. This has occurred through the study of SDH from numerous standpoints, the introduction of dedicated training at graduate and post-graduate levels, and the creation of research opportunities that bring together academics and professionals from different fields. After delivering an overview of the conceptual frameworks and the terminology used in this field of professional practice and scholarly enquiry, and surveying a range of applications and norms in SHD, this chapter will gauge the potential to challenge current conventions, beliefs and practices. Neves, Josélia. 2018. “Subtitling for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Audiences. Moving forward”. In Perez-Gonzalez, Luis (ed.). The Routledge Handbook of Audiovisual Translation. London and New York. Routledge /Taylor and Francis: 82-95. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315717166
Skase. Journal of Translation and Interpretation, 2021
In the last decade, very specific regulations have been developed in Spain regarding media accessibility. Public institutions and academic initiatives are also working to promote media accessibility. Regulative pillars for the implementation of accessibility practices in the audiovisual media are a reality in Spain. There comes the time to analyse if the practices correspond to their demands. This paper presents the results derived from the study of audiovisual accessibility and translation practices implemented in the cinemas and theatres of Malaga (Spain), Mediterranean paradigm of multilingual cultural offer, during the first quarter of 2019. The audiovisual offer, the accessibility and translation practices used, the technical means applied for the display of the final products and the languages involved in the process are studied consequently. The final results may contribute to foster social inclusion and fill in a theoretical gap in academic research.
Journal of Audiovisual Translation, 2020
_________________________________________________________ Abstract Even though audiovisual translation (AVT) is growing and flourishing throughout the world, it is practically unheard-of in the Caribbean, where accessibility faces an even bleaker existence. The circumstances of the deaf and hard of hearing (also referred to as D/deaf) are no less alarming: social barriers and exclusion are widespread. This paper emphasizes the need to make subtitles accessible in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean, specifically on the islands of Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic, and underscores the challenges faced by the D/deaf communities on each island. Our research focuses on issues like AVT laws and regulations, the habits of viewers of audiovisual (AV) products, and literacy and limitations on each island. This paper also examines the different types of D/deaf audiovisual consumers in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean and the difficulties each community faces when accessing media and entertainment. Our research reveals the current state of AVT accessibility in this region and provides a foundation for influencing legislators to begin enforcing AVT regulations and drafting SDH guidelines.
Making the Standard of Audiovisual Text for the Deaf and Hearing Impaired
Journal of English Language and Culture, 2018
The development of television and film industry in a global context requires film and television industry to be able to present the shows that can be enjoyed by the general public without any restrictions. This phenomenon essentially underlies the emergence of community needs for audiovisual translation (layman terms: the subtitle). The industrialized world utilize audioviual translation in order to visualize verbal messages in other languages so that it can be understood. However, any progress in the field of audiovisual is not coupled with accessibility for all individuals. Providers of text or audio in existing programs, so far, have not fully considered deaf people or those with hearing impaired (deaf or hearing impaired/DH). In line with that, a set of standard is required to meet the needs of the DH. Referring to the high demand for audiovisual translation and the view on the audiovisual translation which has not yet met the needs of the DH, This research is fundamentally directed to create audiovisual translation standards which is appropriate for all audiences specifically for the DH. This study is a qualitative study using library research approach. Therefore, the analysis is directed at the analysis of the current product and its shortcomings. To be able to meet the demand for audiovisual translation standards, researchers will undertake a number of steps that includes product analysis research and product development. This study is expected to be the basis for making an audiovisual translation quality products which can be enjoyed by all audiences.
Hikma
The recent developments in technologies used for the creation, delivery, and consumption of audiovisual media are fostering new fields of research and practice in Audiovisual Translation, (AVT) and Media Accessibility (MA) in particular. Traditional media channels such as TV and cinema are being replaced by new media formats, such as video-on-demand (VoD) platforms, videogames, or more recently virtual reality environments. These new realities are challenging traditional practices and opening up novel fields of research in Translation Studies. Accessibility has gained momentum since the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities by the United Nations in 2006. Since then, three key pieces of legislation have followed at a European level, namely the European Web Accessibility Directive (2016), the updated European Audiovisual Media Service Directive (2018), and the European Accessibility Act (2019). This accessibility legislative framework is now being transposed in the different European Member States and has a direct impact on AVT and MA research and practice. As Matamala states, this new media landscape is a unique opportunity for professionals and researchers in these fields.
Comunicación y Sociedad, 2021
Este es un estudio sobre la recepción de la subtitulación para personas sordas (sps) en directo y semidirecto de informativos españoles. Este tiene como objetivo analizar la comprensión y la opinión de usuarios con discapacidad auditiva. Se seleccionó un corpus real y relevante para la investigación y se reclutó una muestra de 52 sujetos con discapacidad auditiva para la realización del experimento, que se llevó a cabo en sesiones presenciales y virtuales. Se encontró que, aunque los usuarios consideren aceptable la calidad de los subtítulos, los resultados reflejan que la comprensión es insuficiente. // The current paper presents a study on the subtitling for the deaf and hard-of-hearing (sdh) in Spanish tv news programs (live and semi-live subtitling). The aim of this reception study is to analyze users’ comprehension and assessment of live and semi-live sdh. A contemporary corpus comprising items from real news broadcasts was used for the research, and a sample of 52 deaf and hard-of-hearing participants was recruited for the experiment, which was carried out through a variety of virtual and live sessions. The results show that users consider the quality of sdh acceptable and audiovisual comprehension insufficient.
From Translation Studies and audiovisual translation to media accessibility
Target, 2016
Recent developments in Translation Studies and translation practice have not only led to a profusion of approaches, but also to the development of new text forms and translation modes. Media Accessibility, particularly audio description (AD) and subtitling for the deaf and hard-of-hearing (SDH), is an example of such a ‘new’ mode. SDH has been evolving quickly in recent decades and new developments such as interlingual SDH and live subtitling with speech recognition bring it closer to established forms of translation and interpreting. On the one hand, interlingual SDH reintroduces Jakobson’s (1959) ‘translation proper’ while the use of speech recognition has led to the creation of a hybrid form that has affinities with both subtitling and interpreting. Audio description, for its part, cannot even be fitted into Jakobson’s ‘intersemiotic translation’ model since it involves translation from images into words. Research into AD is especially interesting since it rallies methods from ad...