Associations of children's lung function with ambient air pollution: joint effects of regional and near-roadway pollutants (original) (raw)
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Air Pollution Exposure and Lung Function in Children: The ESCAPE Project
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2013
Background: There is evidence for adverse effects of outdoor air pollution on lung function of children. Quantitative summaries of the effects of air pollution on lung function, however, are lacking due to large differences among studies. oBjectives: We aimed to study the association between residential exposure to air pollution and lung function in five European birth cohorts with a standardized exposure assessment following a common protocol.
Association between Air Pollution and Lung Function Growth in Southern California Children
2000
Average growth of lung function over a 4-yr period, in three cohorts of southern California children who were in the fourth, seventh, or tenth grade in 1993, was modeled as a function of average exposure to ambient air pollutants. In the fourth-grade cohort, significant deficits in growth of lung function (FEV 1 , FVC, maximal midexpiratory flow [MMEF], and FEF 75 ) were associated with exposure to particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 m (PM 10 ), PM 2.5 , PM 10 -PM 2.5 , NO 2 , and inorganic acid vapor (p Ͻ 0.05). No significant associations were observed with ozone. The estimated growth rate for children in the most polluted of the communities as compared with the least polluted was predicted to result in a cumulative reduction of 3.4% in FEV 1 and 5.0% in MMEF over the 4-yr study period. The estimated deficits were generally larger for children spending more time outdoors. In the seventh-and tenth-grade cohorts, the estimated pollutant effects were also negative for most lung function measures, but sample sizes were lower in these groups and none achieved statistical significance. The results suggest that significant negative effects on lung function growth in children occur at current ambient concentrations of particles, NO 2 , and inorganic acid vapor.
Journal of thoracic disease, 2015
Outdoor air pollution is one of the leading contributors to adverse respiratory health outcomes in urban areas around the world. Children are highly sensitive to the adverse effects of air pollution due to their rapidly growing lungs, incomplete immune and metabolic functions, patterns of ventilation and high levels of outdoor activity. The Children's Health Study (CHS) is a continuing series of longitudinal studies that first began in 1993 and has focused on demonstrating the chronic impacts of air pollution on respiratory illnesses from early childhood through adolescence. A large body of evidence from the CHS has documented that exposures to both regional ambient air and traffic-related pollutants are associated with increased asthma prevalence, new-onset asthma, risk of bronchitis and wheezing, deficits of lung function growth, and airway inflammation. These associations may be modulated by key genes involved in oxidative-nitrosative stress pathways via gene-environment inte...
PloS one, 2015
There is widespread concern about the possible health effects of traffic-related air pollution. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a convenient marker of primary pollution. We investigated the associations between lung function and current residential exposure to a range of air pollutants (particularly NO2, NO, NOx and particulate matter) in London children. Moreover, we placed the results for NO2 in context with a meta-analysis of published estimates of the association. Associations between primary traffic pollutants and lung function were investigated in 4884 children aged 9-10 years who participated in the Child Heart and Health Study in England (CHASE). A systematic literature search identified 13 studies eligible for inclusion in a meta-analysis. We combined results from the meta-analysis with the distribution of the values of FEV1 in CHASE to estimate the prevalence of children with abnormal lung function (FEV1<80% of predicted value) expected under different scenarios of NO2 exposu...
Air Pollution and Child Respiratory Health
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2005
Rationale. The strength of the association between outdoor air pollution and hospital admissions in children has not yet been well defined.
Childhood Asthma and Exposure to Traffic and Nitrogen Dioxide
Epidemiology, 2005
Background: Evidence for a causal relationship between trafficrelated air pollution and asthma has not been consistent across studies, and comparisons among studies have been difficult because of the use of different indicators of exposure. Methods: We examined the association between traffic-related pollution and childhood asthma in 208 children from 10 southern California communities using multiple indicators of exposure. Study subjects were randomly selected from participants in the Children's Health Study. Outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) was measured in summer and winter outside the home of each child. We also determined residential distance to the nearest freeway, traffic volumes on roadways within 150 meters, and model-based estimates of pollution from nearby roadways. Results: Lifetime history of doctor-diagnosed asthma was associated with outdoor NO 2 ; the odds ratio (OR) was 1.83 (95% confidence interval ϭ 1.04 -3.22) per increase of 1 interquartile range (IQR ϭ 5.7 ppb) in exposure. We also observed increased asthma associated with closer residential distance to a freeway (2.22 per IQR; 1.36 -3.63) and with model-based estimates of outdoor pollution from a freeway (1.89 per IQR; 1.19 -3.02). These 2 indicators of freeway exposure and measured NO 2 concentrations were also associated with wheezing and use of asthma medication. Asthma was not associated with traffic volumes on roadways within 150 meters of homes or with model-based estimates of pollution from nonfreeway roads.
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2011
Background: The fractional concentration of nitric oxide in exhaled air (Fe NO) potentially detects airway inflammation related to air pollution exposure. Existing studies have not yet provided conclusive evidence on the association of Fe NO with traffic-related pollution (TRP). oBjectives: We evaluated the association of Fe NO with residential TRP exposure in a large cohort of children. Methods: We related Fe NO measured on 2,143 children (ages 7-11 years) who participated in the Southern California Children's Health Study (CHS) to five classes of metrics of residential TRP: distances to freeways and major roads; length of all and local roads within circular buffers around the home; traffic densities within buffers; annual average line source dispersion modeled nitrogen oxides (NO x) from freeways and non freeway roads; and predicted annual average nitrogen oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and NO x from a model based on intracommunity sampling in the CHS. results: In children with asthma, length of roads was positively associated with Fe NO , with stronger associations in smaller buffers [46.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 14.3-88.4], 12.4% (95% CI,-8.8 to 38.4), and 4.1% (95% CI,-14.6 to 26.8) higher Fe NO for 100-, 300-, and 1,000-m increases in the length of all roads in 50-, 100-, and 200-m buffers, respectively. Other TRP metrics were not significantly associated with Fe NO , even though the study design was powered to detect exposures explaining as little as 0.4% of the variation in natural log-transformed Fe NO (R 2 = 0.004). conclusion: Length of road was the only indicator of residential TRP exposure associated with airway inflammation in children with asthma, as measured by Fe NO .