Geo-environmental improvement of sediment by using microbial fuel cell (MFC) (original) (raw)
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Because sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) utilize organic materials and microbial catalysts in river or oceanic sediment for electricity generation, high sustainability can be ensured in SMFC operation. However, oligotrophic sediment often creates limitation of electron donor (i.e., organic matter). It results in low power production and poor sustainability of SMFCs. The objective of this study is to evaluate electricity generation using sacrificial magnesium anodes and graphite anodes with or without chitin addition in SMFCs. During 40 days, maximum power densities of magnesium, graphite, magnesium and chitin, and graphite and chitin were 1100, 0, 1575 and 2 / , respectively. The ㎽ ㎡ combination of magnesium and chitin produced the highest power, followed by magnesium electrode, showing combined electrochemical reactions from magnesium corrosion and chitin oxidation increased electricity generation by 30%. A magnesium electrode supplemented with chitin was more slowly corroded than the magnesium alone because chitin addition slowed magnesium corrosion. It shows strict oligotrophic condition of sediment, suggesting necessity of substrate addition in SMFCs. The power level obtained in our experiment using magnesium and chitin was enough for operating oceanographic instruments, which can be possibly deployed in the coastal ocean.
Electricity can be generated from naturally occurring electro potential differences through the burial of an anode in sediment and the immersion of a cathode in the overlying body of water. Such a set-up is called a Sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) or benthic MFC. Mangrove forest sediment of ―Sundarbans‖ was used to construct SMFC and an open circuit voltage was measured over 40 days. Voltage was found to increase over 14 days after which the voltage remained steady for about 7 days and then declined. The highest voltage of 610 mV was obtained from a single SMFC on the 24th day. Comparative analysis using earthen pot as a proton exchange membrane showed the voltage to increase gradually over an initial period of time, with a highest increase in 80 mV over SMFC without earthen pot. An analysis of different cathode material showed that the highest voltage was obtained from carbon rod over carbon brush and stainless steel as cathode material. Several SMFC were added to make a series connection, which gave enough voltage (3.8 volts) to turn-on a LED bulb and a scientific calculator. The study suggests that Sundarban soil sediment can be a potential source for further study in the development of SMFC.
Sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC), equipped with Zn, Al, Cu, Fe or graphite felt (GF) anode and marine sediment, was performed. Graphite felt was used as a common cathode. SMFC was single chambered and did not use any redox mediator. The aim of this work was to find efficient anodic material. Oxidation reduction potential (ORP), cell voltage, current density, power density, pH and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were measured for SMFC's performance.. The order of maximum power density was 913 mWm-2 for Zn, 646 mWm-2 for Fe, 387.8 mWm-2 for Cu, 266 mWm-2 for Al, and 127 mWm-2 for graphite felt (GF). The current density over voltage was found to be strongly correlated with metal electrodes, but the graphite felt electrode, in which relatively weaker electricity was observed because of its bio-oriented mechanism. Metal corrosion reactions and/or a complicated microbial electron transfer mechanism acting around the anodic compartment may facilitate to generate electricity. We presume that more sophisticated selection of anodic material can lead to better performance in SMFC.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Marine sediments of Kendari Bay has the potential as an alternative source of electrical energy through sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) due to the high level of sedimentation. This study aims to optimize the amount of electrical voltage that can be generated through the SMFC system using stacked SMFC in the form of a series connection. The research methods include determining the sampling location, physical-chemical properties measurement of sediments, SMFC assembly (single and stacked SMFC), and electrical voltage measurement. Three station points representing the overall condition of Kendari Bay are determined as sampling locations. The result shows that there was a decrease in the organic matter content of the sediment substrate after the use of SMFC namely organic carbon from 2.78 percent to be 2.68 percent due to microbial activity in sediments. The single SMFC from station 2 (S2) can produce the maximum electrical voltage of 438 mV which then optimized using stacked SMFC in series connection. The maximum electrical voltage of 2.174V can be obtained using stacked SMFC. These results show that marine sediments of Kendari Bay is interesting as an alternative energy source through SMFC and stacked SMFC could optimize the amount of electrical voltage from single SMFC.
Improvement of sediment microbial fuel cell performance by application of sun light and biocathode
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2015
Three series of experiments were conducted to improve sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) performance. At first, dissolved oxygen level of catholyte was increased with native seaweed of the Caspian Sea. Power output was improved about 2-fold, and maximum power density of 46.148 mW/m 2 was produced in the presence of seaweed as biocathode in cathode compartment. Secondly, the best depth to embed anode was then determined. Anode was embedded in 3, 6, 9 and 12 cm below the sediment/water interface. The best depth to bury the anode was finally determined in 3 cm below the sediment/water interface, maximum generated power and current density of 42.156 mW/m 2 and 282.92 mA/m 2 , were respectively obtained in this depth. In addition, influence of agitated flow on power generation from SMFC was investigated.
EFFECT OF ELECTRODES POSITION ON SEDIMENT MICROBIAL FUEL CELL OUTPUT VOLTAGES
IAEME Publication, 2020
Increasing global energy demand created a huge attention in utilizing numerous energy sources which are renewable and environmentally friendly. Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell (SMFC) is a very new technology and could be considered as renewable energy. Studying SMFC parameters help in opening doors for its amendment and innovate better methods in harvesting more voltages to generate biosensors or other applications. Two positions were appliyed to test the optimum one and study the relationship of water level and sun light and temperature by connecting them to get one answer. Vertical subsurface constructed wetland planted with Cyperus Alternifolius was implemented within two aquariums. The best output voltage was performed for embedded cathode position by reaching to 75 mV whilst free cathode position hits value of 33 mV. Both types showed same pattern in changing of voltage except for the first five days when voltages decreased from (22.3-1.5 mV) and increased from(8-31.4 mV) before starting to their peak values for embedded and free cathode positions, respectively.
International Journal of Science, Technology & Management
Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is a technology that can convert chemical energy into electrical energy through the process of nutrient degradation by microbes. Sediment taken from the bottom of shrimp ponds was added as a source of microbes, while fish and shrimp wastewater were used as a source of nutrients for microbes. This study aims to measure the performance of the SMFC system on fish effluent and shrimp effluent to produce bio-electricity while reducing the waste load. The research method was experimental laboratories. The treatment given was the different types of electrodes, namely zinc-copper and aluminum-copper. In addition, 0.2 M KMnO4 electrolyte solution was used. This study consisted of four stages: the manufacture of nutrients from fish and shrimp wastewater, the manufacture of a dual chamber MFC bioreactor, the measurement of electrical values, and the analysis of waste quality. Experiments were carried out for 30 days by measuring electricity every 24 hours. Th...
Energy Harvesting from Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell Using Different Electrodes
The consumption rate of energy around the world is rising on each successive day. In this result, Non-renewable sources of energy are ended at a fast rate. Sediment Microbial fuel cell (SMFC) aimed to deliver opportunities to generate pollution-free, cost-effective sustainable energy from sediment. The potential generated by the SMFC, microbes existing in the sediment. In this research, test the different electrode material in SMFC and here find the zinc and copper is the best material for SMFC which generate the maximum voltage across the electrode. Here maximum generated voltage and current of SMFC for steady state operating condition, with a copper anode and zinc cathode were 1.160V and 0.301mA and maximum power was 3.491mW. SMFC is gifted for long-term operation, sustainable low-cost green electricity harvest and stable power generation. SMFC can be used as a renewable power source as a remote environmental monitoring.
— A low cost Sediment Microbial fuel cell designed to provide an opportunity to produce renewable energy from sediment. The power produced by the MFC by microbes present in sediment. In this paper maximum energy extraction is investigated with copper anode and zinc cathode and compare with previous work. Here maximum generated voltage and current of sediment MFC was 1.160V and 0.301mA.Maximum power in sediment MFC with copper anode was 3.491mW for steady state operating condition. Sediment Microbial fuel cell is gifted for sustainable cheap-cost green electricity produce, stable power generation and the long-term operation of MFCs. Sediment microbial fuel cells can be used as a renewable power source for remote environmental monitoring.
Effect of Electrolyte Conductivity and Aeration on Performance of Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell
Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment, 2015
Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) are a promising technology for a viable source of energy. This technology is faced with many challenges, such as limited mass transfer and low electricity generation. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of electrolyte conductivity and aeration effect on power generation from SMFCs. Electrical conductivity was adjusted at 6different levels by adding several concentrations of NaCl and KCl, which are abundant and economic salts. By adding NaCl, the performance of SMFCs improved about 3.25 fold. Maximum generated power and current density of 32.76 mW/m 2 and 330.14 mA/m 2 are obtained,respectively afterNaCl addition. Also, with aeration dissolved oxygen level increased as an electron acceptor in cathode portion, thereby power density enhanced from 16.36 mW/m2 to 38.31 mW/m2which was a 234% increase compared to the situation before aeration.