A survey on the overwintering larval parasitoids of Ectomyelois ceratoniae in three regions in Iran (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2015
The carob moth, Apomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), is the most important pomegranate pests in Iran and make wasted and unusable about 30-40% of annual average of pomegranate production in storage and on the tree stages. During the study for determining carob moth from Ardestan, shahreza, Najafabad which are located in Isfahan, specimens were taken in agricultural season in 2014 .The fruits dissected in the laboratory and larvae and pupae were put in separate vials and parasites emergence from these samples were collected. It was found that there is some active parasitoid in the area which was identified as follows: Larval parasitoids: Apanteles myeloenta Wilkinson (Braconidae) and Bracon hebetor. Say (Braconidae) Pupal parasitoid: Brachymeria minuta (Linnaeus) (Chalcididae). Mentioned species for the first time reported from Shahreze, Najafabad and Ardestan (cities in Isfahan). The present study was planned to identify the active parasitoids in State the region.
Agriculture and Food, 2015
The study was conducted in Karacasu, Nazilli and Sultanhisar towns in Aydin province in 2012 and 2013. The population fluctuations of Apomyelois ceratoniae and Cryptoblabes gnidiella, and their damage and natural enemies on pomegranate were studied.As a result, it was determined that both of the pests were present between May and November in the orchards. The adult population of A. ceratoniae, was reached its peak in August, whereas the population of C. gnidiella peaked between mid August and end of September. Predators, Coccinella semptempunctata, Adelia decempunctata, Scymnus apetzi (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Forficula auricolaria (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), Orius sp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), and the parasitoid Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) were found to be natural enemies of the pests. Additionally, it was found that the damage of C. gnidiella was higher than of A. ceratoniae on fruits.
The study was carried out in total of 10 pomegranate orchards in Central Şanlıurfa, Akçakale, Bozova, Harran, Hilvan, Siverek and Suruç counties of Şanlıurfa province in South-Eastern Region of Turkey in 2013 and 2014. Infestation rate of Carob Moth (CM) and Brown Spot Disease (BSD) were determined by controlling a total of 100 fruits from four different sides of randomly selected 25 trees from each orchard. In addition, 100 fruits infested with BSD were checked for damage, egg, larvae and pupae of CM during harvest. According to the results from the study, CM infestation rate was low in orchards where BSD infestation rate was high in pomegranate fruits. In terms of infestation rate in pomegranate fruits, a statistically strong negative relationship was determined between BSD and CM (R (BSD, CM) = -0,724; Y=46.312-0.467*X). In this study, BSD infestation rate explained the variance of CM infestation with 52.5% ratio (R2= 0.525).
Seasonal pattern of infestation by the carob moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae in pomegranate cultivars
Crop Protection, 2017
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) orchards in the Middle East are typically composed of a mix of different cultivars in which variation in fruit infestation by carob moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) has been observed. However, seasonal variation in infestation and adaptation of the carob moth to this cropping system have not been explored. We monitored the progress of fruit infestation in 10 pomegranate cultivars during the growing season of two consecutive years in pomegranate orchards of Iran. Overall, levels of infestation in fruits were strongly correlated with susceptibility to fruit cracking in pomegranate, so that cracked fruits and cracking-susceptible cultivars were infested the most. However, this pattern changed during the season. Infestation was first observed on crackingsusceptible cultivars. At this point almost all cracked fruits were infested. Towards the end of the season, infestation in uncracked fruits and cracking-resistant cultivars increased. Uncracked fruits seem better overwintering sites for carob moth as under simulated winter conditions, survival of insect larvae in uncracked fruits was >3 times higher than in cracked fruits. Taken together, our data reveal that cracked fruits of pomegranate are the better host during the growing season, while uncracked fruits better sustain carob moth population in winter. It seems therefore advisable not to grow cracking-susceptible and cracking-resistant cultivars together in the same area.
Insect larvae associated with dropped pomegranate fruits in an organic orchard in Tunisia
Journal of Entomology and Nematology, 2015
In an attempt to find out the reasons of pomegranante fruit drop due to insect attacks, regular collection of all fallen fruits beneath trees of nine different varieties was done during the fruiting season from August 2013 to December 2013 in an organic pomegranate orchard in the Chott-Mariem region of Tunisia. Apparently heatlthy and cracked fruits were dissected in the laboratory to identify insect larvae found inside. Results indicate that fruits were attacked by three larvae insect species: the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera, Tephritidae), the carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) and the pomegranate butterfly, Virachola livia Klug 1834 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Two different insect larvae can be found jointly inside fruits but no fruits were attacked by the three insect larvae together. All fruits varieties harbor the larvae of C. capitata whereas E. ceratoniae larvae were present in eight of nine varieties. Varieties numbered 1, 8 and 9 were free from V. livia larvae attacks and hence can be considered as resistant cultivars. With respect to Lepidoptera larvae attacks (E. ceratoniae and V. livia), we can assume Variety 1 as resistant. Nevertheless, more research was needed to corroborate these results.
Carob moth, Apomyelois (DEctomyelois) ceratoniae Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a key pest in pomegranate orchards in Southeast of Turkey. The pest causes significant damage and reduces marketability of fruits, and is difficult to control with insecticides. Therefore, it is imperative to develop environmentally sound effective alternative management approaches. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the mating disruption technique and determine the appropriate application dose for the management of the pest. The study was carried out in Central and Suru¸c districts of ¸Sanlıurfa province (Turkey) in 2011 and 2012. SPLAT EC (Specialized Pheromone-Lure Application Technology) trade named dispenser containing 2% Z7, E9-11-dodecatrienyl formate pheromone mimic was applied at 500, 625 and 750 g/ha in three pomegranate orchards in each district. Results indicated that mating disruption technique significantly reduced the pest populations. But effectiveness of the method was less in terms of the damage rate on fruits. Pheromone applied at 500 g/ha was not effective. However, application at 625 g/ha reduced the pest populations to an acceptable level. Thus, the concentration could be considered an appropriate dose for the less abundant pest population within integrated pest management while higher population would require combining the mating disruption method with a bio-insecticide.
Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 2013
Citrus swallow tail butterfly, Papilio demoleus L. is a pest of citrus in many parts of the world. We examined the effect of four different citrus hosts including Citrus sinensis (L.) (Tarocco and Valencia) Citrus limon (L.) (Eureka), and Citrus paradisi Macfad. (Shambarg) on its life table parameters and biological characteristics at 24 ± 1 °C, 75 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16: 8 h (L: D). The developmental time of immature stages was longest on C. sinensis (Tarocco) (12.3 ± SE days). The intrinsic rate of natural increase was significantly affected by various citrus, being the highest on C. sinensis (Tarocco) (0.099 day-1) and lowest on C. sinensis (Valencia) (0.011 day-1). The highest and lowest finite rates of increase were observed on C. sinensis (Tarocco) 1.10 and C. sinensis (Valencia) 1.01, respectively. The highest gross reproductive rate and the lowest mean generation time were observed on C. sinensis (Tarocco) and C. sinensis. (Valencia), respectively. The findings indicated that C. sinensis (Tarocco) appeared to be the most susceptible host to P. demoleus among the tested varieties. The results of this and similar studies in the future on other hosts may be considered as a basis for finding resistant host/hosts in monitoring this pest.
International Journal of Pest Management, 2015
The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.
International Journal of Fruit Science, 2020
Carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zell (Lep.: Pyralidae), is the most important pest in Iranian pomegranate orchards and imposes tremendous annual economic loss to the pomegranate producers. A two-year study was conducted to investigate the effects of the utilization of different fertilizers on the carob moth infestation of pomegranate cv. 'Bajestani'. Fertilizer programs significantly affected fruit infestation. The highest infestation rate was recorded in unfertilized plants (38.07%, 31.44% in the first and the second years, respectively). Among different treatments, chemical and humic fulvic-containing fertilizers proved to be the most efficient treatments for controlling carob moth. A Significant correlation was observed between carob moth infestation and various fruit and tree-related attributes. The peel hardness and its hardnessassociated nutrients (Ca, K and Si), as well as total phenolic content of fruit juice, were among the factors that showed a high negative correlation with carob moth infestation. According to our results, a combination of organic and Si, Ca, and K-containing fertilizers has great practical potential in the management of pomegranate orchards to reduce the carob moth damages.
Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2020
The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious pest on pomegranate in Turkey. The purpose of this study was to determine population fluctuation and infestation rates of medfly on various pomegranate varieties in Hatay province of Turkey. The Eostrap® invaginada traps baited with % 95 Trimedlure impregnated in a polymeric plug-type dispenser were used. The fruit infestation assessment was measured by a hundred fruits chosen randomly from ten trees in each of sampled orchard and checked for medfly punctures and infested fruits were counted. As a result of two-year investigations, this pest was found in six sites, which are located in Kırıkhan (Delibekirli, Kurtlu soğuksu) and Serinyol districts of Hatay province. In 2010, the highest mean of the catches per traps were recorded on 13 October (236.5), followed by 6 October (166.5), 29 September (145.5), 20 October (145.0) and 22 September (110.0) on ‘Karamehmet+katırbaşı’ variet...