Development of Terminalia Chebula Loaded Ethosomal Gel for Transdermal Drug Delivery (original) (raw)
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Formulation and Evaluation of Ethosomal Gel and Non-ethosomal Gel of S.grandiflora Leaves
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2022
The numbers of products based on new drug delivery systems have considerably increased in the past few years, and this growth is projected to carry on in the future. These bio-pharmaceuticals present challenges to drug delivery system because of their different nature and difficulty in delivery through conventional routes. Therefore, further research will focus on the delivery of these complex molecules through different routes, including nasal, pulmonary, vaginal, rectal, etc. The intend of the study was to formulate and evaluate ethosomes of Sesbania grandiflora leaves which may transport the drug to targeted site more efficiently than marketed gel preparation and also overcome the problems related with oral administration of drug. Trans-dermal drug delivery is a technique which can be exploited to overcome the variables, which could affect the oral absorption of drugs such as pH, food intake and gastrointestinal motility. As compared to liposome or hydro-alcoholic solution ethosomal systems were much more capable at delivering a fluorescent probe to the skin in terms of quantity and depth. The formulations were prepared with ethanol, lecithin, propylene glycol, and glycerol and were evaluated. The lecithin (phospholipids) used as a vesicles forming component, polyglycol and ethanol used as a skin penetration enhancer. The drug released of formulated ethosomal gel was 4-5 times improved as compared to non ethosomal gel which directly achieves unparalleled flexibility in formulation. Ethosomal gel successfully addresses the issues relating to the drug delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs, peptides, potent drugs and the release of multi-drugs.
Evaluation of Designed Herbal Transdermal Drug Delivery System
2008
Summary In present study, Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) of herbal drugs is used to check a feasibility of herbal drugs in such a novel drug delivery system. Fruits powder was successively extracted with petroleum ether and acetone using soxhlet apparatus. Blank polymeric film was developed by mercury substrate method using various combinations of polymers, copolymers, plasticizer and penetration enhancers. Incorporating acetone extract of Momordica charantia developed medicated polymeric film. TDDS patches were prepared using blank and medicated polymeric film. Combination of herbal extract and novel drug delivery system shows significant and improved activity.
Ethosomal drug delivery system: A novel approach to transdermal drug delivery: A review
2020
Ethosomes are novel lipid vesicular carriers containing a relatively high percentage of ethanol and the novel approach for the current drug delivery as a transdermal drug delivery system which is employed for the assessment of the targeted drug to the site of action. There are many application in the development of the formulation for the better release to the systemic circulation. The therapeutic effect of these category of formulation totally depends upon the medium of the drug release, in which we can observe the amount of drug in the formulation and drug released to the site of action. Ethosomes are vesicular carrier comprise of hydroalcoholic or hydro/alcoholic/glycolic phospholipid in which the concentration of alcohols or their combination is relatively high. Ethosomes can entrap drug molecule with various physicochemical characteristics i.e. of hydrophilic, lipophilic, or amphiphilic. These formulations are better alternative of oral drug delivery in that patients, those can...
Terminalia Gum as a Directly Compressible Excipient for Controlled Drug Delivery
AAPS PharmSciTech, 2012
The exudates from the incised trunk of Terminalia randii has been evaluated as controlled release excipient in comparison with xanthan gum and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) using carvedilol (water insoluble) and theophylline (water soluble) as model drugs. Matrix tablets were prepared by direct compression and the effects of polymer concentration and excipients-spray dried lactose, microcrystalline cellulose and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate on the mechanical (crushing strength (CS) friability (F) and crushing strength-friability ratio (CSFR)) and drug release properties of the matrix tablets were evaluated. The drug release data were fitted into different release kinetics equations to determine the drug release mechanism(s) from the matrix tablets. The results showed that the CS and CSFR increased with increase in polymer concentration while F decreased. The ranking of CS and CSFR was HPMC > terminalia > xanthan while the ranking was reverse for F. The ranking for t 25 (i.e. time for 25% drug release) at a polymer concentration of 60% was xanthan > terminalia = HPMC. The dissolution time, t 25 , of theophylline matrices was significantly lower (p<0.001) than those of carvedilol matrix tablets. Drug release from the matrices was by swelling, diffusion and erosion. The mechanical and drug release properties of the tablets were significantly (p<0.05) dependent on the type and concentration of polymer and excipients used with the release mechanisms varying from Fickian to anomalous. Terminalia gum compared favourably with standard polymers when used in controlled release matrices and could serve as a suitable alternative to the standard polymers in drug delivery.
Terminalia Arjuna Transdermal Matrix Formulation Containing Different Polymer Components
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2019
Objective: The objective of this research work was to prepare a transdermal matrix formulation containing different polymer components for topical delivery. Methods: Terminalia arjuna bark extract loaded transdermal patches were prepared using solvent casting technique with different amount of chitosan and Eudragit RL 100 batches were prepared according to 32 factorial designs. Results: The transdermal patches prepared were evaluated for different physicochemical properties, determination of drug content, in vitro diffusion study, ex vivo study, skin irritation study, and stability study. Infrared studies indicate the absence of chemical interaction or any changes in the chemical composition of extract during the preparation of transdermal patch. In vitro diffusion study and ex vivo diffusion study of optimized batch S3 showed drug releases to 74.56–69.12%, respectively, up to 12 h. Skin irritation study indicates that the extract and excipients used in the patch do not show any irr...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Objective: The current research work has been carried out with the aim to develop a transdermal gel formulation of fenoprofen (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain associated in arthritis) which would overcome the gastrointestinal-related problems associated with oral administration of the drug. The present study aims at formulating transdermal gels using different concentrations of Carbopol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), sodium alginate, and guar gum. Methods: The formulated gels were subjected for various evaluation tests such as clarity, homogeneity, viscosity, drug content, pH, spreadability, and in vitro permeation studies. Drug–polymer interaction was studied by Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The in vitro permeation studies were performed in phosphate buffer 7.4 using Franz diffusion cell. Results: The FT-IR and DSC studies showed no chemical interaction between drug and polymers used. All the formu...
Revolutionary Approach towards Transdermal Drug Delivery: Ethosomal Gels
2021
The human body is up of the skin which is the largest organ in the body and hence acts as a biological barrier that obstructs drug movement across the stratum corneum into the systemic circulation. The topical drug delivery system serves as a delivery system in which drugs are delivered for systemic circulation through the skin. Low diffusion rate across the stratum corneum is the main disadvantage of this system and for this limitation to be overcome, an Ethosomal formulation can be formulated which acts as a delivery system for the drug to be delivered across the biological barrier of the skin into the body. In ethosomal gel formulation, The prepared Ethosome is converted into a gel that can be applied to the skin what makes ethosomal gel formulation unique which enables drugs to reach the deep skin layers and/or the systemic circulation and enhance the delivery of active agents. In addition to this, it is also a malleable vesicular delivery carrier, soft and non-invasive. There i...
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM CONTAINING ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT.
Aim of the present study was to develop site-specific drug delivery system of lornoxicam for the treatment of arthritis, pain etc., which has excellent activity on inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-1 and Cyclooxygenase-2 enzymes. The formulations were developed by utilizing variouspolymers such as hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose and Eudragit RL-100 by solvent casting technique by the use of plasticizer (PEG-400 & DBT). The calibration curve of lornoxicam was developed in methanol/water. Compatibility study was carried out by FT-IR and Differential scanning colorimetry. The formulations were evaluated for thickness, folding endurance, weight variation, drug content, percent moisture loss, tensile strength. In vitro drug release study was also carried out by using PBS pH 7.4 and the samples were analyzed UV-spectrophotometrically at 374 nm. FT-IR and DSC study revealed no interaction between drug and polymers. Formulations shown good uniformity of drug content, there was no any kind of effect on moisture loss test. Formulations showed thickness within the range of (0.072 to 0.119). Formulation F1, F2, F5 & F6 showed good tensile strength. By increasing the concentration of Eudragit RL-100 in the formulation tensile strength, and folding endurance increases. Formulation F6 shows the release of drug 96.74% at the end of 12 h and was considered as a best formulation. A short‐term stability study of the optimized formulation (F6) was also carried out at 400C for three months. At periodic interval 0, 30, 60, and 90 days a known quantity of sample was withdrawn and then analyzed for drug content and in vitro drug release studies, results showed a good content of uniformity and 95.23% release was observed at the end of 90 days. After a short-term stability study, there was no or very little amount of degradation was observed.
Recent development in novel drug delivery systems of herbal drugs
International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 2011
Novel technologies have been developed recently for drug delivery systems. The use of herbal formulations for novel drug delivery systems is more advantageous and has more benefits compared to others. The use of liposome, ethosome, phytosomes, emulsion, microsphere, solid lipid nanoparticles of herbal formulation has enhanced the therapeutic effects of plant extracts. With the use of all these, targeted delivery of the formulation is achieved, due to which the formulation demonstrates effect on the site, and the bioavailability of the formulation is also increased. With these novel drug delivery systems, the actives and extracts which are used in herbal formulations demonstrate enhancement in stability, sustained release of formulation, protection from toxicity and improved therapeutic efficacy. The main purpose of developing alternative drug delivery technologies is to increase efficiency of drug delivery and safety in the process of drug delivery and provide more convenience for the patient. The present paper includes information about novel formulations of herbal formulations.
A REVIEW ON THE RECENT INNOVATIONS IN TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY FOR HERBAL THERAPY
2014
"This review focuses on the recent innovation in Transdermal drug delivery system which can be a stand for the research and development of pharmaceutical dosage form for transdermal drug delivery. TDDS (transdermal drug delivery system) improve beneficial value and drug safety by further site definite the way and temporal position in the body’s vital to reduce the number and size of doses necessary to achieve the objective of systemic medication through topical application to the intact skin surface. TDDS has abundant advantages more than usual drug delivery route. Transdermal route or therapy is non-invasive that includes lack of first pass metabolism effect, high bioavailability and steady drug plasma concentration. A Transdermal Patch is an adhesive patch that has a coating of medicine (drug) that is placed on the skin to deliver specific dose of the medicine (drug) into the bloodstream over a period of time. The present review focused on the delivery of some herbal agents through transdermal route. The main principle of developing unconventional drug delivery technologies is to offer more convenience for patients and increase the effectiveness and protection of drug. The aim of the present review at formulation of transdermal patches incorporating herbal drug components. Transdermal patch is a medicated adhesive pad that is designed to release the active ingredient at a constant rate over a period of several hours to days after application to the skin. It has been found that drugs from herbal origin can be utilized with enhanced efficacy by incorporating in transdermal drug patches. Herbal transdermal patches which aids to quit smoking, relieve stress, increase sexuality, insect repellant patches, detoxification, male energizer, postpone menopause are available. The objective and aim of the transdermal drug delivery system is topically administered drug in the form of patches that is delivering the drug in the body through the skin for systemic effect at a predetermined time period. Key words: Transdermal Patch, Herbal Therapy, Polymers, Medicine."