A systematic review of instruments to measure depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia (original) (raw)
Related papers
[Instruments of depression assessment in schizophrenia]
Actas españolas de psiquiatría
Lately, numerous reports have focused on the evaluation of depressive symptoms of schizophrenia. This assessment has been hampered by the temporal variability of the depressive symptoms and by their overlap with both the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and the extrapyramidal effects of the antipsychotic treatment. So far, classical assessment instruments such as the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) or the Montgomery-Asberg Rating Depression Scale (MARDS) have been used in those patients suffering from schizophrenia with depressive symptomatology, despite the important limitations concerning their use in subpopulations other than the one they have been developed for. New specific depression scales for schizophrenia such as the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenics (CDSS) seems to have more efficiency and ability to distinguish between depression, negative and extrapyramidal symptoms. The present paper reviews the instruments used so far on the assessment of depressive...
Psychopathology, 2012
were furthermore compared using correlation and regression analyses. Results: Three factors were revealed for the CDSS and HAMD-17 factor component analysis. A very similar item loading was found for the CDSS at admission and discharge, whereas results of the loadings of the HAMD-17 items were less stable. The first two factors of the CDSS revealed correlations with positive, negative and general psychopathology. In contrast, multiple significant correlations were found for the HAMD-17 factors and the PANSS subscores. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that the HAMD-17 accounted more for the positive and negative symptom domains than the CDSS. Conclusions: The present results suggest that compared to the HAMD-17, the CDSS is a more specific instrument to measure depressive symptoms in schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorder, especially in acutely ill patients.
BMC Psychiatry, 2014
Background: Self-report instruments for the assessment of depressive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders are scarce. The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS-SR 16 ) may be a useful self-report instrument, but has received little attention in this field. This paper aimed to test the psychometric properties of the QIDS-SR 16 questionnaire in patients with a psychotic disorder. Methods: Patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder from health care institutions in The Netherlands were included in the study. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the QIDS-SR 16 and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). Psychotic symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) with three EPS rating scales. Spearman's correlation coefficients were used to compare the total score of the QIDS-SR 16 with the total scores of the CDSS, PANSS-subscales and EPS rating scales.
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2010
Evaluating depressive symptoms and their impact on outcome in schizophrenia applying the Calgary Depression Scale. Objective: To examine depressive symptoms, their course during treatment, and influence on outcome. Method: Weekly Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia ratings were performed in 249 inpatients with schizophrenia. Early response was defined as a 20% reduction in the total score of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia from admission to week 2, response as a 50% reduction in the total score of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) from admission to discharge and remission according to the consensus criteria. Results: Thirty six per cent of the patients were depressed at admission, with 23% of them still being depressed at discharge. Depressed patients scored significantly higher on the PANSS negative and general psychopathology subscore, featured more impairments in subjective well-being (P < 0.0001) and functioning (P < 0.0001). They suffered from more suicidality (P = 0.0021), and had greater insight into their illness (P = 0.0105). No significant differences were found regarding early response, response, and remission. Conclusion: Patients with depressive symptoms should be monitored closely, given the burden of negative symptoms, their impairments in well-being and functioning and the threat of suicidality.
Depressive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia: different effects on clinical features
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2005
The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether depressive symptoms were significantly associated with functional outcome measures in a clinically stable group of outpatients with schizophrenia. We also analyzed whether depressive and negative symptoms presented different patterns of predictors. Method: Seventy-eight consecutive outpatients meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision criteria for schizophrenia in the stable period were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Assessment were performed using the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression Scale-severity, Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale, Sheehan Disability Scale, and Quality of Life Scale. A neuropsychologic battery including the vocabulary and block design subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, Wechsler Memory Scale, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Continuous Performance Test was also administered to the patients. Two multiple regressions were performed testing demographic and clinical factors, rating scales, and cognitive measures as independent variables and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia and PANSS-negative subscale scores as dependent variables. Results: Four variables were predictors of depressive symptoms in our sample of schizophrenic patients: 2 outcome measures (Sheehan Disability Scale and Quality of Life Scale), gender, and Continuous Performance Test reaction time. Predictors of negative symptoms were the measures of severity of psychopathology (Clinical Global Impression Scale-severity and PANSS-general psychopathology subscale) and the cognitive tests Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised block design and Wechsler Memory Scale. Conclusion: We found that depressive symptoms in schizophrenia are mainly a function of the level of social adjustment and quality of life, whereas negative symptoms constitute an indicator of severity of schizophrenia. The 2 symptom dimensions showed also distinct cognitive correlates. D
Schizophrenia research, 1996
This study compared two measures of depression in a population with schizophrenia. Inpatients (n= 112) with schizophrenia, were assessed on the Hamilton (HDRS), and Calgary (CDSS) depression scales and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Eighty-nine were reassessed 3 months later. A principal components factor analysis was applied to each depression scale. The relationship between measures of depression and positive and negative symptoms was explored using correlation, factor and regression analyses. There were no significant correlations between the total CDSS and positive or negative symptoms at either time. In contrast, the HDRS total score was correlated with both positive and negative syndromes at time 2. Moreover, a number of HDRS factors correlated significantly with the PANSS positive scale at both times and with the negative subscale score at time 2. Multiple regression analysis showed that the HDRS accounted for more of the variance in positive and negative symptoms scores than did the CDSS. The CDSS has fewer factors and less overlap with positive and negative symptoms than the HDRS. This suggests that it is a more specific measure of level of depression than the HDRS for individuals with schizophrenia.
A depression rating scale for schizophrenics
Schizophrenia Research, 1990
Scales for assessing depression are well developed for non-psychotic populations but have been criticized for being inappropriate for psychotic populations. As a result we have developed a new rating scale for the measurement of depression in schizophrenia based on items selected from the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Present State Examination. The selection was based on a three stage procedure first factor analysis then measures of internal consistency and finally face validity. Ratings of depression were made on 50 acutely ill schizophrenics meeting DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia assessed at two points in time. Our results indicate that several items from both scales form a superior instrument for measuring depression in schizophrenia. The eleven items generated a Cronbach's alpha of 0.84 at time one and 0.89 at time 2.
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2015
Background: Developing accurate and time-efficient tools to measure depressive symptoms in schizophrenia is important for research and clinical practice. This study tested the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-SR) in depressed schizophrenia patients. Methods: This study included 337 clinically stable patients with schizophrenia. The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), QIDS-SR at baseline and 2 weeks later. Negative symptoms and extrapyramidal symptoms were measured with the negative symptom score of Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Simpson-Angus Scale of Extrapyramidal Symptoms (SAS), respectively. Results: Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.73 and 0.67 for QIDS-SR at the baseline and endpoint, respectively. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for test-retest reliability over the two weeks was 0.77. Two domains (involvement and energy) at baseline and one domain (energy) at endpoint had the highest item-total correlations. The QIDS-SR total score was significantly correlated with the MADRS total score at baseline (r ¼0.44, p o 0.01). Weak correlations of the QIDS-SR score with the scores of the BPRS negative (r ¼ 0.18) and the SAS (r ¼0.05) indicate good discriminant validity. The QIDS-SR showed unidimensional measurement properties in exploratory factor analysis at both baseline. The main limitation of the study is that only clinically stable schizophrenia patients were included. Conclusions: The QIDS-SR has acceptable psychometric properties in stable schizophrenia patients and may be useful in both research and clinical practice.