Normal Values of Liver and Spleen Sizes by Ultrasonography in Pakistani Children: A Regional Study (original) (raw)
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Sonographic Evaluation of Liver and Spleen Sizein School-Age Children
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 2000
The purpose of this study was to determine normal liver and spleen size variations in school-age children by US. Sonographic measurements were taken with an age and sex stratified random sample of 358 healthy children (188 boys, 170 girls) between the ages of 7 and 12 years. The weight and height of the children were assessed and then the body surface area (BSA) of each child was calculated. The size of the liver was measured in two different planes: the subcostal sagittal (L1), and subcostal semiaxial (L2). Spleen size was measured through a coronal view that included the hilum (S1) and the longest longitudinal length (S2). Although there was no significant correlation between the age, weight and BSA of the children and liver and spleen size, there was a significant correlation between L1 and BSA, and between S2 and BSA. There was a correlation between L1 and S2 when the liver and spleen measurements were compared. In the girls, a significant increase was found in the size of liver and spleen between the age of 8 and 9. Spleen size decreased significantly in girls after the age of 10. Among the schoolaged children there were no statistically significant differences in the size of the liver and spleen. We recommend the use of L1 and S2 in liver and spleen measurements in comparison with BSA.
Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 2017
Background Ultrasonography is one of the most common imaging modality to measure dimensions of visceral organs in children. However, the normal limit of size of visceral organs according to age and body habitus has not been specified in the standard textbooks. This might result in under detection of organomegaly in pediatrics population.Objective The objective of this study was to determine the normal range of dimensions for the liver, spleen, and kidney in healthy children.Method This is prospective cross-sectional, hospital-based study done at Tertiary-care teaching hospital. Participants included 272 pediatric subjects (152 male and 120 female) with normal physical or sonographic findings who were examined because of problems unrelated to the measured organs. The subjects were one month to 15 year (180 months) old. All measured organs were sonographically normal. Relationships of the dimensions of these organs with sex, age, body weight and height were investigated. Limits of nor...
2021
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the normal range of dimensions for the liver, spleen, and kidney in healthy neonates, infants, and children upto 5 years in Gujarat. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional, prospective study involved 663 Paediatric participants (307 girls and 383 boys) with normal physical or sonographic findings who were examined because of problems unrelated to the measured organs. The participants were 1 day to 5 years old. All measured organs were sonographically normal. At least two dimensions were obtained for each liver, spleen, and kidney. Relationships of the dimensions of these organs with sex and age were investigated. Suggested limits of normal dimensions were defined.Results: A 663 paediatric participants of which 369 (55.65%) were male and 294 (44.34%) were female participants with male to female ratio of (1.25:1). Maximum number of participants were neonates. Average size of liver, spleen and kidney found was 58.33 mm, 44.44m...
Normal sonographic liver and spleen dimensions in a central European pediatric population
BMC Pediatrics, 2021
Background Organ size is influenced by a number of factors. Age, height, weight, and ethnicity are known influencing factors. Pediatric populations have changed over time, puberty beginning earlier resulting in a changing growth pattern of their organs. Hence, contemporary charts using local data are considered the most appropriate for a given population. Sonographic charts for liver size for a predominantly Caucasian population are limited, which has implications for clinical practice. The aim of this study was to define a contemporary normative range of liver and spleen sizes for a healthy, predominantly Caucasian population and for all pediatric age groups (0–18 years) and to investigate whether there is a size difference between genders and ethnicities. Methods Retrospective study including children with normal sonographic findings and no evidence of liver or splenic disease clinically. Craniocaudal and anteroposterior dimensions are measured for the right and left lobe of the l...
BMC Pediatrics, 2017
Background: Liver, spleen and kidney dimensions on ultrasonography vary with the age, weight and ethnicity. Reference standards of these parameters for normal Sri Lankan children are not available. Our aim was to establish normative data for longitudinal length of liver, spleen and kidneys in healthy children. Method: Three hundred fifty-seven children, 5-13 years of age were selected from two randomly selected schools in the Gampaha district in the western province of Sri Lanka. A questionnaire was administered to the parents after obtaining informed written consent. Participants were screened for risk factors for organomegaly and were examined by a trained officer. Children with a past history of infective, inflammatory, haematological, malignant, congestive, collagenous or congenital conditions that can affect the size of the organs were excluded as well as those with clinically evident malnutrition, anemia, lymphadenopathy or organomegaly. Ultrasonographic assessment was done using a high resolution real-time scanner with a 3.5 MHz convex transducer by a trained officer. Children with ultrasonographic abnormalities of organs were also excluded from the study and referred for further evaluation. Results: The study comprised 332 children comprising 176 girls (53%). There was a significant difference in the longitudinal dimension of the liver between the two sexes with a higher value recorded among females (Mann Whitney U = 11,830.5, p = 0.037). Body weight was correlated with the dimensions of the liver, the spleen and the kidneys. On multiple regression analysis body weight significantly associated with all the organs. (p < 0.01) Percentile graphs for longitudinal length of liver, spleen, right and left kidneys were formed according to the body weight. Conclusion: The organ dimensions showed the highest correlation with body weight. We hope the normal ultrasonographic values of healthy Sri Lankan children will assist in interpretation of sonographic examinations in daily clinical practice.
OBJECTIVE. The objectiveof this studywas to determinethe normal rangeof dimen sions for the liver, spleen, and kidney in healthy neonates, infants, and children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. This prospectivestudyinvolved307 pediatricsubjects (169 girls and 138 boys) with normal physicalor sonographicfindingswho were examined becauseof problems unrelated to the measuredorgans. The subjects were 5 days to 16 years old. All measured organs were sonographically normal. At least two dimensions were ob tamed for each liver, spleen, and kidney. Relationships of the dimensions of these organs with sex, age, body weight, height, and body surface area were investigated. Suggested limits of normal dimensions were defined. RESULTS. Dimensionsof the measuredorganswere notstatisticallydifferentin boysand girls. Longitudinaldimensionsof all threeorgansshowedthe bestcorrelationwith age,body weight, height, and body surface area. Height showed the strongest correlation of all. This correlationwasa polynomialcorrelation. CONCLUSION. Determinationof pathologicchangesin sizeof the liver,spleen,andkid ney necessitates knowing the normal range of dimensions for these organs in healthy neonates, infants, and children. Presented data are applicable in daily routine sonography. Body height should be considered the best criteria to correlate with longitudinal dimensions of these organs. S onography provides a quick as sessment of visceral organ di mensions without any risk of radiation. The normal range of visceral organ sizes in adults and children determined with sonography has been reported elsewhere [ Iâ€"¿¿ 13]. However, available data are limited for the liver and the spleen in children, which causes difficulty in defining hepatomegaly and splenomegaly sonographically. Our purposewas primarily to document the normal range of dimensions of the liver in children. The relationship of each dimen sion with sex,age, body weight, height,and body surface area was determined. A similar evaluation was done for the spleen and the kidney at the same time. We prospectively examined 307 pediatric sub jects (169 girls and 138 boys) with sonography. The rangeof agewasfrom full-termnewborns (5 days) to 16 years. Patients who did not have normal growth curves (who were not in the third to 97th percentiles)were not includedin the study.Another major criterion for selection of children was having no clinically or sonographically pathologic findings related to the studied organs. Most children were completely healthy. although some were undergo ing follow-up for a disease unrelated to the mea sured organs, such as hip dysplasiaor undescended testes. No child had a history of oncologic, hemato logic, or traumatic conditions. Some children with urinarytract infectionwereincludedin the study, butonly liverandspleendimensions wererecorded inthose patients. Wealsodidnotrecord dimensions of a number of spleens for which abdominal gas distentionpreventedreliablesize measurements.All measured organshada normalpositionandshape and normalecho texture. We used high-resolution real-time sonographic scanners (SSA 270A; Toshiba, Tokyo, Japan; and EUB-5l5 and EUB-5l5A; Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) with 3.5-MHz convex transducers. Patientshad neither preparation nor sedation. Liver measurements were performed in all sub jects(n = 307).In a subject lying in thesupineposi tion, longitudinaland anteroposterior dimensions wereobtainedin the midclavicular andmidsagittal
NORMAL LIVER DIMENSION IN SAUDI ARABIA USING ULTRASONOGRAPHY Original Research Paper
Introduction: The liver is the largest gland in the human body in the intra-abdominal cavity. It weighs around 1500g and has higher density among male individual. Its function is to lter and store blood, metabolize carbohydrates, proteins, hormones and strange chemicals; to from bile, store vitamins and iron; and to produce clotting factors1, 3. The liver has two anatomical parts, the right lobe and left lobe separated by an imaginary line that runs from the gallbladder fossa into the inferior vena cava1, 2. Physical examination addresses the liver in a projections surface that covers almost the entire chest wall 4, 5. After inspection, percussion is performed with the aim of determining the liver volume is proportional to body size. The normal adult liver spans 10 to 12 cm for man and 8 to 10 cm for women 6. Generally, it can vary between 6 and 12 cm in all subjects when percussion is performed in the MCL 7. The patient should be positioned supine and the examiner always on his right 7. The last dullness points found on per-cession imaginary line from MCL to craniocaudal direction will determine the liver lower boarder 8, 9. The path joining the two points, the onset on liver dullness being the rst and the limit point of dullness at the lower edge the second is the supposedly the real liver size 10. The liver volume can be measured by various techniques such as radiography, scintigraphy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance and ultrasonography 9, 11. Ultrasonography is the rst imaging method to assess hepatic affections, which has a number of key advantages, such as low cost, rapid implementation, risk-free, non-invasive, no use of ionizing radiation or sedation that facilitates technical performance, especially when it comes to children 12, 11. The objective of the present study was to determine liver span sonographically in a randomly selected population sample and identify factors that affect liver size. Patients and Methods: Between (11-30) March 2015, A total of 90 patients with age range between 14-98 years underwent abdominal sonographic examination as part of outpatient scanned in diagnostics radiology department. The selected sample according to their sonographic appointment scheduling. The study included those over fourteen years of age. All patients were informed about the research project and their agreed was taken, in addition to being registered in an inclusion form. Exclusion criteria included patients with any abnormality sonographic ndings, as well as those who did not agree to participate in the study. Ultrasonography was performed by good experience sonographers trained in ultrasound technique and the report approval by an expert radiologists. Statistical analyses was performed using SPSS 16.0 software. The BMI was calculated according to recommendations of the World Health Organization 13. The variables were summarized as percentage or average as indicated. Correlation between hepatic measurements undertaken by u/s and several anthropometric factors including age, gender, weight, height and BMI performed on the data to test the statistical signiicance of the various relationships between liver span as represented by MCL (Figure1). Figure1. Sonogram of normal liver to measurement liver size in the MCL during inspiration in supine position. Background: To determine liver size sonographically in a randomly selected population. Aims: The aims of this study was to determine a reliable reference range in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(KSA) for a normal liver size for adults. Methods: A prospective study was carried out at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH)-Saudi Arabia, Jeddah between (11-30) March 2015, A total of 90 adults subjects (59 females, 31 males; mean age 44.8889 years) underwent sonographic examination of the liver in the midclavicular line (MCL)to determine liver span. Results: The average liver length in the midclavicular line for the overall collective was 15.00 cm; the average for females was 14.6800 cm and 14.629 cm for males. Liver length exceeded 15 cm in 37.8% of subjects. Results of the multivariate analysis showed that, BMI and weight were the two factors potentially innuencing liver span(p<0.000).While there was no signiicant differences in liver size were observed, between subjects with sex, body height and age. Conclusion: The study provides the normal measure of liver size by ultrasonography in healthy Saudi populations.
Sonographic biometry of liver size among Igbo school age children of South east, Nigeria
Radiography, 2013
Background: The endemic diseases in the locality which are associated with changes in liver size necessitate sonographic biometry of this organ. Objectives: To establish by ultrasonography the normal limits and variations of the liver size according to age, sex, height, weight, body surface area and body mass index among school age children.
Nigerian journal of basic and clinical sciences, 2022
Context: Establishing normal liver size is critical in the diagnosis and determining the treatment method for the underlying liver pathology. Aims: This study aimed at evaluating liver dimensions of apparently healthy pediatrics using ultrasonography in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria, from May 2020 to August 2020. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and twenty-six apparently healthy pediatric subjects; 213 males and 213 females. The liver was examined with the patient in the supine position, the anteroposterior liver dimension was obtained in a transverse plane through the mid clavicular line from the hepatic dome to the inferior angle. Cranio-caudal liver dimension was obtained in a longitudinal plane with an oblique beam at the level where the widest diameter was demonstrated. Statistical Analysis: Both descriptive inferential statistics were employed for the data analysis. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 23.0 was used for the data analysis and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Result: The mean cranio-caudal liver dimension for male and female subjects were 9.28 ± 2.18 cm and 9.17 ± 2.19 cm, respectively, while the mean antero-posterior liver dimension for male and female subjects was 6.87 ± 1.92 cm and 6.74 ± 1.90 cm, respectively. A statistically significant difference between pediatric age groups was observed (p ≤ 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in cranio-caudal and antero-posterior liver dimensions between male and female subjects (p ≥ 0