Geological Framework of the Levant Volume II: The Levantine Basin and Israel (original) (raw)

Zone and spread outward toward the forelands between ~320 and 240 Ma. The magmas derived from partial melting of lower crustal rocks as well as mantle-derived melts (Lorenz and Nicholls, 1984). 2) Jurassic During this time major lithospheric extension, associated with breakup processes of the Gondwana super continent, took place in four synchronous plume provinces (Fig. 21.1, and Segev, 2000a): a) The Karoo plume (southern Gondwana) caused the opening between eastern and western Gondwana (Fig. 21.1) along the Weddel Sea-Somali proto-oceanic rift (e.g. Storey, 1995; Duncan et al., 1997). b) The central Atlantic plume (western Gondwana) caused the opening of the Central Atlantic rift (e.g. White and McKenzie, 1989; McHone, 1996; Wilson, 1997). c) The western Tethys plume (northern Gondwana) caused the opening of the Mediterranean rift (e.g. Keeley and Wallis, 1991; Segev, 2000a). During this time, the Mesotethys, or the present eastern Mediterranean area (Herodotus basin), began to open. d) The northwest Australia plume (western Gondwana), which produced mainly oceanic plateaus (Rowley Terrace-Scott and the Exmouth), caused the initial opening of the Indian Ocean (e.g.

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