Antiplasmodial and Antioxidant Activities of Phyllanthus Species and Associated Medicinal Plants from Kenge in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) (original) (raw)
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African Journal of Plant Science
This study aims at investigating the phytochemical analysis or to analyze the secondary metaboliotes of Phyllanthus niruri L. plants from four collection sites which University of Kinshasa (Unikin), National Pedagogic University of Kinshasa (UPN), Kimwenza (Kim) and Kisantu (Kis) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This study should give an explanation about the change of antiplasmodial activity of the same plant depending on the location of harvest. The samples of P. niruri were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for secondary metabolites characterizations such as of flavonoids, saponins and steroidal sapogenins and others phenolic compounds. The results revealed that UPN location presented more peaks (22) than Unikin (20), Kimwenza (15) and Kisantu (12). But Unikin location revealed more peaks (7) corresponding to major compounds than samples from others locations (UPN: 5; Kimwenza: 2 and Kisantu: 4). The peak 1 of UPN is higher (13.73) comparing to all peaks samples. The yellow-colored spots were present at all samples but those of UPN were more accentuated than all. In Kimwenza samples, two others colored spots (violet and blue) were presented. It suggested that in vitro antiplasmodial activity would be based on compounds eluted probably at the retention time around 22 min. Sometime the compounds eluted at 4.28 and 7.8 min contribute to in vitro antiplasmodial activity. The results revealed again the presence of the saponins or the steroidal sapogenins in P. niruri, made for the characterization by HPLC or by TLC probables flavonoids and presence of steroidal sapogenins.
2014
An assessment and investigation into six species of Phyllanthus namely P. amarus Schum and Thonn, P. urinaria Linn., P. odontadenius Mull-Arg., P. niruroides Mull-Arg., P. mullerianus (O. Ktze) Excel and P. discoideus (Baill) Mull-Arg. belonging to the family of Euphorbiaceae were carried out with the aim of identifying and quantifying the bioactive components of these medicinal plants. The alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, phenol and tannin contents of the vegetative parts of these plants viz. the leaves, stems and roots were screened and compared. Result from the phytochemical analyses showed that alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins were all present in the leaves, stems and roots of the studied species. Phenols were, however only absent in the stems of P. amarus, P. urinaria and P. odontadenius and roots of P. urinaria but present in the leaves, stems and roots of the rest species. All the species investigated contained appreciable amount of alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids a...
Phytochemical Analysis and Selected Biological Activity
2009
From the huge family of Euphobiceae stems a large Phyllanthus genus. The Phyllanthus genus has about 800 species world wide of which about 22 species are native to Southern Africa. A number ofthe Phyllanthus species have been reported to have history in herbal medicine systems, and studies have been done to support their use. Stemming from the South African species is Phyllanthus parvulus Sond. var garipensis, a shrub that is known botanically but, its medicinal potentials are unknown. This project focuses on the chemical and biological properties of Phyllanthus parvulus Sond. var garipensis. The phytochemical study reveals that the plant possesses some secondary metabolites namely: alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and antraquinones. A compound lanosterol-amide linked glycoside was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction. The hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol and water extract were tested for antibacterial and antioxidant activities. All the plant extract...
Food Research International, 2018
Phyllanthus phillyreifolius var. commersonii Müll. Arg is an endemic plant of Mauritius. To date, no study has been performed concerning its polyphenolic profile and pharmacological properties. In this study, a decoction (water), ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the aerial parts of P. phillyreifolius, obtained from different extraction procedures (maceration and Soxhlet), were studied for antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, and enzyme inhibitory properties along with their polyphenolic profile. The ethyl acetate macerated extract showed high antibacterial activity against B. cereus (MIC= 0.293 mg/mL) and E. coli (MIC= 0.417 mg/mL) while S. epidermidis was most susceptible to the ethyl acetate-Soxhlet extract (MIC= 0.521 mg/mL). The methanol-Soxhlet extract displayed the most potent cupric and ferric reducing power, and metal chelating effect, while the macerated methanolic extract was the most effective DPPH and ABTS scavenger, and BChE inhibitor. Only the ethyl acetate-Soxhlet extract exhibited α-glucosidase inhibition. All extracts exhibited a strong anti-tyrosinase activity, which was further investigated by molecular docking and molecular dynamic. After 48 h exposure to the extracts for HeLa cell lines, the ethyl acetate-Soxhlet extract showed the highest inhibition (IC50 = 533.1 μg/mL) while the decoction extract was more cytotoxic to MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 = 337.4 μg/mL). Treatment of cancer cell lines with all P. phillyreifolius extracts resulted in a time-dependent reduction of cell viability for HeLa and dose-and time-dependent reduction for MDA-MB-231. Gene expression ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax was higher for all Soxhlet-extracts. Total phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) content were highest in the decoction and methanol-Soxhlet extract, respectively (122.43 mg GAE/g extract and 31.28 mg RE/g extract, respectively). The extracts were abundant in ellagitannins, although phenolic acids and flavonoids were also detected. Granatin B was detected for the first time in Phyllanthus species. Overall, the aerial parts of P. phillyreifolius exemplify a potent reservoir of bioactive phytochemicals for therapeutic applications.
Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Properties of Phyllanthus emblica from Mauritius
Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2018
This study was to carry out phytochemical screening, to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid content as well as to evaluate the antioxidant properties of methanolic extract of root of Asparagus racemosus. Antioxidant properties were determined by 1,1-diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide assay and total antioxidant activity by the phosphomolybdenum assay. The result showed that the powdered roots of A. racemosus were extracted with methanol and the percentage of yield was 29.2%. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were 12.90 ± 0.002 mg/g and 0.80 ± 0.001 mg/g dry weight respectively. The plant sample possesses high free radical scavenging activity and phytochemical constituents which might be useful for further studies to fight against oxidative stress.
Antioxidant, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content of Selected Nigerian Medicinal Plants
Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015
Plant phenolics and flavonoids play a great role in scavenging free radicals in the body and act as antioxidants. Thus their determination is sometimes nedded. Total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts of 10 medicinal plants (Lochnera rosea, Allamanda cathartica, Asplenium platyneuron, Euphorbia prostrate, Baphia nitida, Crotolaria retusa, Zapoteca portoricensis, Platycerium bifurcatum, Mussaenda afzelii and Craterosiphon scandens) from 7 botanical families growing in the tropical rainforest of Nigeria were included in this study. The total antioxidant capacity of the extracts was assessed by using the phosphomolybdate method. The phenolic content was determined by using Folin-Ciocalteau assay, while the total flavonoid was determined by the aluminium chloride colorimetric assay. The results obtained showed that the total antioxidant capacity for all the extracts were in the range of 0.888 ± 0.75 to 0.938 ± 0.00 mg EAA/g. The results showed that E. prostrate, P. bifurcatum and A. platyneuron were found to be the richest source of phenolic (97.77 ± 0.77, 87.62 ± 1.22 and 82.33 ± 0.30 mg GAE/g) while B. nitida and M. afzelii had the least total phenolic content (11.67 ± 0.09 and11.18 ± 0.30 mg GAE/g). The highest total flavonoid content was revealed in P. bifurcatum (648.67 ± 12.3 mg QE) while M. afzelii also had the least total flavonoid content (3.67 ± 0.00 mg QE/g). The ratio of flavonoid to the phenolic in each extract was also determined to ascertain extracts that are rich in flavonoids.
The Phytochemical Analysis of Aqueous Extract of Phyllanthus Fraternus
2019
Phyllanthus fraternus Webster a tropical weed, belong to the family Phyllanthaceae, medically the plant is employed for numerous uses by the indigenous people, including Nigerians. These include treatment of diabetes, dysentery, fever, flu, tumors, jaundice, vaginitis, and dyspepsia. It has equally been discovered to possess antibacterial and antifungal activities. The preliminary phytochemical study of the aqueous extract of the plant was carried out using standard method of (Harborn 1976 and Trease and Evans 1989). The study reveal the presence of some secondary metabolites; tannins, saponins, glycosides, anthraquinones and phenols. Hence, the plant can be used to discover bioactive natural products that may serve as leads in the development of pharmaceuticals research activities. Though alkaloid, flavonoids, steroids, steroids and tarpenoids were found to be absent in the plant.
Phytochemical analysis of leaf extract of Phyllanthus fraternus
Phyllanthus fraternus is a pan tropical weed and probably originates from western India. This plant belongs to Euphorbiaceae family. In India it is used as a herbal medicine and called as 'Bhumyamlaki'. It is a large genus comprising about 750 species in tropical and subtropical regions. The leaves of Phyllanthus fraternus are collected from botanical garden of University campus. The leaves are extracted in chloroform solvent and evaluated for phytoconstitutes present in them. For phytochemical analysis of plant extract thin layer chromatography and preliminary screening method of phytoconstitute by Sofowara, Trease and evans and Harbone was followed. The plant extract contains alkaloids like morphine and boldine. Extract also contains tannins, saponin, terpenoid and steroid. The present study provides evidence that solvent extract of Phyllanthus fraternus contains medicinally important bioactive compounds and this justifies the use of plant species as traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases.
Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
Some medicinal and therapeutic potency have been reported of Phyllanthus in traditional settings. Hence, the current study evaluated the total antioxidant potential, phenolics, and flavonoids of fractions of ethanol extract of Phyllanthus amarus leave obtained using column chromatography. Extraction was done using absolute ethanol; elution was performed using different organic solvents of varying polarities, from n-Hexane, Chloroform, Ethylacetate, Ethanol, Methanol, and finally, water. The results obtained from the study revealed that fraction 10b (83 mg/mL) has the highest concentration of total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), the next being 1a, 5a, and 11b (48mg/mL). The reduction in the TAC of the fractions was in the order; of 3b>7a>6a>5b>4a> with F7b (13mg/mL) having the lowest TAC. The result for Total phenolic Content (TPC) shows that fraction 10b (430 mg/mL) has the highest concentration of TPC, just like in antioxidant activity, followed by F4b (428 mg/mL). Fraction 2a (9 mg/mL) has the lowest concentration of TPC. Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) showed that fraction 3b (201 mg/mL) has the most concentration of total flavonoids, followed by 4b (120mg/mL). Meanwhile, fractions 1a, 2b, and 9a have the same TFC. While fraction 2a showed the lowest flavonoid concentration (25mg/mL). The plant extract fractions were found to contain more both phenolics and flavonoids, which may have contributed to the antioxidant activity observed.
A Study on Phytochemical Analysis of Phyllanthus Tenellus Roxb
International Research Journal of Pharmacy
Phyllanthus tenellus is a dominant plant in herbaceous family to appear frequently in various humid environments in Warangal region in Telangana. This plant is used to treat different disease like urolithiasis, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes and hepatitis B. The present study developed phylogenetic relationship with secondary metabolites and other related compounds of 2 other species of Phyllanthus belongs to family Euphorbiaceae. This investigation was to establish the phylogenetic relationship with secondary metabolites and other related compounds of Phyllanthus tenellus of Euphorbiaceae family. Among them, Phyllanthus tenellus shows unique relationship with secondary metabolites, protein related compound.