Yield and quality of Amaranthus hypochondriacus grain amaranth under drought and salinity at various phenological stages in southern Italy (original) (raw)
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The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2015
SUMMARYYield responses of a grain amaranth accession to different irrigation strategies were evaluated in Naples, Italy. Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative response of amaranth under combined abiotic stresses (salinity and drought) in a Mediterranean environment of South Italy affected by problems due to groundwater salinization from seawater intrusion.A comparison was made in 2009 and 2010 between a fully irrigated treatment (1·00), with the restitution of all of the water necessary to replenish to field capacity the soil layer explored by roots (0·00–0·36 m), and two treatments with restitution of 0·50 and 0·25 of the water volume used for the fully irrigated treatment. The three levels of irrigation volume were combined with two levels of salinity, either fresh or salt water, with electrical conductivity (EC) of the irrigation water of 0·64 and 22 dS/m respectively, in a factorial experiment thus harbouring six treatments in a randomiz...
World Journal Of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2022
Climate change is a real obstacle to agriculture because of the difficulty of water supply. Farmers are trying to mitigate this problem by developing several strategies including those based on irrigation. Unfortunately, these irrigation techniques favour the entry of sodium in food crops. In response to this situation, research has been conducted in Benin to develop a salinity resistant variety of local amaranth (called line 23). The objective of this study is to determine the nutritional values of this resistant amaranth variety grown under salt stress and to compare them with the nutritional values of local amaranth grown under the same conditions. Local and resistant amaranth plants were grown in real environment and then stressed with salt concentrations of 0; 7.1 and 19.6 mmol NaCl. After harvesting, the leaves were sent to the laboratories for the determination of nutritional elements. Three replicates were done. Analysis of variance was used to compare the means of the nutritional elements assayed using JMP software (SAS Institute MC 2007). The results show a significant improvement in calcium, phosphorus, potassium and vitamin A levels in line 23 in contrast to the reference cultivar. However, the sodium content, although decreasing as the salt concentration increases, remains above acceptable limits. As for the reference cultivar, the results show an increase in the concentrations of several elements: iron, calcium, magnesium, including that of sodium, which is harmful to cardiovascular health.
The effects of crop yield, fresh and dry matter partitioning of grain amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) in relation to different water stress and different levels of fertilizer application were studied. Grain amaranth was planted in the predominantly sandy loam soil. The treatments applied include replenishing soil moisture back to field capacity and imposing moisture stress 75% and 50% of the amount of water applied to bring soil moisture to field capacity. Within each treatment were varying levels of fertilizer application based on plant density and influence area at 100%, 75% and 50%. The actual crop evapotranspiration (ET a) was determined by using a weighing lysimeter and the reference evapotranspiration (ET p) was determined by using the pan evapotranspiration method. The results showed that water had significant effect on the total plant weight, stem weight, leaf weight, and root weight with p-values of 0.000, 0.001 and 0.000 respectively. However fertilizer and its interaction ...
Comparison of Salt Stress Tolerance among Two Leaf and Six Grain Cultivars of Amaranthus cruentus L
Plants
Amaranths (Amaranthus L.) are multi-use crop species renowned for their nutritional quality and their tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Since the soil salinity of croplands is a growing problem worldwide, we tested the salinity tolerance of six grain and two leaf cultivars of Amaranthus cruentus L. The plants were grown for 53 days under hydroponic conditions at 0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl. We investigated the growth rate, photosynthetic activity, mineral content, pigments and biochemical compounds involved in oxidative stress. Although 100 mM NaCl always decreased biomass production, we highlighted Don Leon and K91 as tolerant cultivars under moderate salt stress (50 mM NaCl). Under salinity, sodium accumulated more in the shoots than in the roots, particularly in the stems. Sodium accumulation in the plants decreased the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance but increased water use efficiency, and it decreased chlorophyll, betalain and polyphenol c...
The result of this study showed that the growth performance of the two varieties of amaranth were greatly reduced, in terms of number of leaves per plant in the saline treated plant exposed to the highest saline concentration compared to the control. Amaranthus cruentus had more number of leaves (6.63) than Amaranthus hybridus (5.67) and Amaranthus hybridus had higher survival rate than Amranthus cruentus(1.83). Although both test plant varieties responded to varying saline concentrations in various ways, both tends to show similar responds. Also, the number of days to germination increases with increased salinity concentrations the two amaranth varieties was both adversely affected by higher saline concentrations, where increased salinity concentrations caused reduction in shoot length Also, the leave breadth was better in the control and the plants with lower amounts of NaCl concentration(0.025 and 0.05), this implies that Amaranthus hybridus and Amaranthus cruenthus tolerate moderate salinity levels, while the plants with higher salinity concentrations (0.075,0.01,0.15) had leave breadth that were small, and eventually died because of high amounts of salt.
Amaranth Response to Water Stress
Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 2019
Amaranth is a species that has rapid growth, tolerates drought and produces grains of high food value. In this work the potential for dry season cropping in the Brazilian savannah of two amaranth species (Amaranthus caudatus e Amaranthus cruentus) was studied, subjecting them to three different periods of water availability at the beginning of the crop. Weekly data were collected on height, dry matter mass of shoot, panicle and roots, and at the end of the cultivation, yield, harvest index, thousand-grain weight, water-productivity. It was also determined the falling plant estimation. In the dry matter production evaluation, it was observed that the water deficit caused the reduction of the shoot, but significant increase of the root. The A. caudatus Inca did not show a significant productivity difference between the treatments, with a mean of 1,591.0 kg ha-1 and reached harvest point at 63 days. The A. cruentus BRS Alegria had better productivity in the treatment without water rest...
Screening of Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) Mutant Lines for Salinity Tolerance
International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
Aims: The present study was carried out to access the salt tolerance level of nine amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) mutant lines selected from Benin cultivar ‘Locale’ at young plants stage in comparison with the cultivar ‘Locale’ used as control. Study Design: The experiment was laid out as a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in a screening house at University of Abomey-Calavi, City of Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin from May to June, 2020. Methodology: Three-weeks old plants of the nine stable mutant lines and the control cultivar ‘Locale’ were planted in pots containing a mixture of potting soil and sand. NaCl concentrations: 0; 100; 150 and 200 mM were given by irrigation once in two days Plant growth parameters were evaluated after two weeks. Results: Salt effect caused a reduction of young plant growth whatever the growth parameter considered with a significant disparity (p=.001) among the genotypes....
Salinity Resistance of Five Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) Cultivars at Young Plants Stage
International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 2017
Methodology: Three weeks old plants of the five cultivars were submitted in pots containing a mixture of potting soil and sand to four NaCl concentrations: 0, 30, 60 and 90 mM NaCl corresponding respectively to an electric conductivity of 0, 1.915, 4.815 and 8.39 dS.m-1 by irrigation every two days. Plant growth parameters were evaluated after two weeks. Results: Salt effect caused a reduction of young plant growth whatever the growth parameter considered with a significant difference among cultivars. The growth reduction due to NaCl is lower and non significant in cultivar Rouge for all growth parameters except root fresh mass, whereas this reduction is higher and significant (p=.05) in cultivars Locale and AA-04-028 for all growth parameters. For cultivars Red-Sudan and AA-04-017, the reduction due to NaCl was significant (p= .05) only for leaf number and plant height. The results indicated that cultivar Rouge was the less affected by NaCl, followed by AA-04-017, Red-Sudan and AA-04-028; cultivar Locale was the most affected. Conclusion: Plant height, leaf number and root length appeared as the most suitable growth parameters for studying salt stress effect in Amaranthus cruentus. For the first time, we demonstrated that there is a variability of relative salt-stress resistance among A. cruentus cultivars at young plant stage. Among the five cultivars, Rouge appeared as the most salt resistant whereas cultivar Locale was the most salt sensitive at young plants stage.
Agriculture
Amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor), an underutilized climate smart crop, is highly nutritious and possesses diverse drought tolerance traits, making it an ideal crop to thrive in a rapidly changing climate. Despite considerable studies on the growth and physiology of plants subjected to drought stress, a precise trait phenotyping strategy for drought tolerance in vegetable amaranth is still not well documented. In this study, two drought screening trials were carried out on 44 A. tricolor accessions in order to identify potential drought-tolerant A. tricolor germplasm and to discern their physiological responses to drought stress. The findings revealed that a change in stem biomass was most likely the main mechanism of drought adaptation for stress recovery, and dark-adapted quantum yield (Fv/Fm) could be a useful parameter for identifying drought tolerance in amaranth. Three drought tolerance indices: geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity (MP) and stress tolerance index ...
Seed Science and Technology, 2009
The objectives of the study were to evaluate the role of osmopriming on improvement of germination and seedling characteristics of four amaranth genotypes under simulated salt and drought stress. Germination was delayed by both treatments. At lower osmotic potentials, germination percentage, germination rate, root and shoot length were higher in NaCl than PEG at the same water potentials. Seeds were able to germinate in all concentrations of NaCl but no seed germination was observed at −1.2 MPa of PEG treatments. It was concluded that inhibition of germination resulted from osmotic effect rather than salt toxicity. Osmopriming increased germination and seedling growth under salt stress. For drought conditions, osmopriming did not have any positive effects on germination characteristics at lower osmotic potentials (-0.9 and -1.2 MPa).