Factors influencing knowledge and practices for prevention of bovine tuberculosis amongst workers at Abattoir in Karachi (original) (raw)

Knowledge, attitude and practice assessment of bovine tuberculosis among abattoir personnel in Barishal City of Bangladesh

2023

Mycobacterium bovis, which causes bovine tuberculosis (bTB), is a chronic zoonotic disease that is contagious, notifiable, and causes enormous economic harm as well as a serious threat to public health. This study was carried out from July 2022 to June 2023 among the abattoir workers in Barishal City Corporation area to assess the degree of comprehension, attitudes, and practices concerning bTB prevention and control as well as awareness of public health. A total of 50 abattoir personnel participated in the study. A pre-tested questionnaire was developed for the face-to-face interview of the participants. The impact of education and training on abattoir personnel's knowledge of bTB prevention and control was evaluated using descriptive analysis and a chi-square test in this study. This study demonstrated that abattoir workers who received training on meat handling and processing have a good understanding of disinfection of the meat preparing place [χ 2 (2, N=291) = 6.688, p<0.05] and equipment [χ 2 (2, N=50) = 9.813, p<.05] for ensuring food safety and preventing bacterial contamination. The respondents' knowledge of bTB and their level of training were statistically significantly correlated (< 0.05). However, the study revealed inadequate knowledge amongst both trained and non-trained abattoir personnel pertaining to issues of public health, bTB transmission, prevention and control. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that the relevant authorities should take necessary steps to ensure regular training and educational programs on meat handling and processing for prevention and control of bTB as well as other zoonotic diseases to protect public health.

Zoonotic tuberculosis knowledge and practices among cattle handlers in selected districts of Bangladesh

2021

We assessed zoonotic tuberculosis (zTB) knowledge and prevention and control practices of 404 cattle handlers via a survey in three dairy-intensive districts of Bangladesh. Most respondents were aged 30–49 (52%) and male (95%). Almost all (99%) recognized the important public health burden of tuberculosis in Bangladesh, however, most (58%) had inadequate knowledge about zTB transmission to humans. Inappropriate practices such as: not using protective equipment (98%); smoking, drinking or eating food whilst working with cattle (69%); and sharing the same premises with animals (83%) were identified. Cattle handlers educated at secondary or higher levels were 2.82- (95% CI: 1.59–5.10) and 5.15 times (95% CI: 1.74–15.20) more likely to have adequate knowledge of control and prevention activities compared to those with no formal education. Those who had reared animals for 1–5 years were 2.67 times (95% CI: 1.44–4.91) more likely to have adequate knowledge, compared to those who reared animals for >15 years. Cattle handlers with a monthly incomes of 10,000–20,000 taka were significantly (Odds Ratio = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.14–0.92) less likely to have adequate knowledge compared to those with monthly incomes <10,000 taka. Cattle handlers with high school or higher education were 6.98 times (95% CI: 2.47–19.71) more likely to use appropriate zTB control and prevention practices compared to those without formal education. Those who had reared animals for 1–5 years, 6–10 years and 11–15 years were 2.72- (95% CI: 1.42–5.24), 2.49- (95% CI: 1.29–4.77) and 2.86 times (95% CI: 1.13–7.23) more likely to apply appropriate practices compared to those who reared animals for >15 years. Overall, education, duration of cattle rearing and monthly income predicted zTB knowledge and practices. There is an urgent need to educate those at high-risk of zTB transmission on issues including the handling of infected animals, and general hygiene. A One Health approach, to support the Sustainable Development Goals and the End TB strategy, appears to be the way forward.

Knowledge and practices about zoonotic tuberculosis prevention and associated determinants amongst livestock workers in Nigeria; 2015

PLOS ONE, 2018

Zoonotic tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health disease, but has long been neglected. Information on knowledge and practices of its prevention and influencing factors amongst occupationally exposed individuals is required for designing all-inclusive, informed control programmes. We investigated knowledge and practices related to zoonotic TB prevention and associated determinants amongst herdsmen and abattoir workers in southwestern, southeastern and northwestern Nigeria using semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analysed with STATA 12. A total of 510 respondents (196 herdsmen; 314 abattoir workers) participated in the survey, of which 58.6% and 46.9% respectively were knowledgeable and demonstrated good practices about zoonotic TB prevention. Almost 60% knew that zoonotic TB transmission was preventable and 49.8% knew transmission could be through consumption of infected animal products. However, only 16.7% knew the disease could be transmitted by aerosol. Just 49.4% sought medical checkup when ill, 37.8% used protective clothing and only 29.2% usually condemned TB infected cattle. Respondents with post-primary education were about three times more likely to be knowledgeable (OR = 2.70, 95%CI: 1.68-4.33) and two times more likely to demonstrate good practice (OR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.45-3.42) than those without formal education. Similarly, abattoir workers were about 6.4 times more likely to be knowledgeable (OR: 6.39, 95%CI: 4.31-9.47) and two times more likely to demonstrate good practice (OR: 2.03, 95%CI: 1.40-2.92) than the herdsmen. There were important knowledge gaps with poor practices about zoonotic TB prevention amongst livestock workers in Nigeria. Strong predictors of knowledge and practice were being an abattoir worker and having post-primary education. Well-designed grassroots enlightenment programmes addressing modes of transmission, handling infected cattle and seeking medical checkup are urgently needed among high risk settings considering the recently launched Road Map for Zoonotic Tuberculosis which resonates that every tuberculosis case counts towards 2030 End-TB Strategy.

Risk factors assessment of bovine tuberculosis among abattoir personnel in Gombe State, Northeastern Nigeria: A One-Health approach

International Journal of One Health, 2019

Aim: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important milk-borne zoonosis that affects cattle production and poses serious threat to public health. This study aimed at assessing the risk factors as well as the level of awareness, attitude, and practices of abattoir personnel toward bTB in Gombe Township Abattoir, Gombe State. Materials and Methods: A prospective survey was conducted between October 2015 and December 2015. During the survey, a total of 112 close-ended structured questionnaires were administered to the abattoir personnel to assess their level of awareness of bTB. Results: Of these respondents, the majority were males (79%), butchers (49%) and about 40% were under the productive age brackets of 26-35 years. Majority of the respondents (85.7%) were aware of the zoonotic nature of the disease. However, only a few of the respondents (44.6%) wear personal protective equipments (PPEs) clothes while handling or in contact with carcasses during the slaughtering process. Only a few among the respondents (24.1% and 31.2%) consumed unpasteurized milk and unaware of eating of improperly cooked meat as a risk factor of bTB, respectively. About 75.7% of the respondents believed that the habit of eating and drinking inside the abattoir and during slaughtering operations has no any significant effects on their health. The results obtained show a statistically significant association between respondents' awareness of bTB and their occupational status, duration of exposure to cattle carcasses, and knowledge about the disease (p<0.05); and the odds of being aware of bTB was 10.0, 5.07, and 4.2, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the need for public health authorities to intervene in bTB prevention and control through the creation of avenues for enlightenment on the zoonotic risk associated with bTB. The risk factors associated with bTB transmission as indicated by the personnel's practice and awareness levels in Gombe township abattoir are preventable through the use of PPEs clothing.

Knowledge on Bovine Tuberculosis Among Abattoir Workers in Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria

2015

Background: Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) one of the major zoonotic diseases in developing countries. The isolation and identification of M .bovis in fresh and sour milk sold at local markets, sputum and tissue samples from humans especially herdsmen, abattoir and slaughter houses in Nigeria has shown that the disease spread in both animals and humans. The aim of this study was to assess the predictors of knowledge related to bovine tuberculosis among abattoir workers in Gusau Modern Abattoir, Zamfara State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Gusau Modern Abattoir, Zamfara State, Nigeria. A total of 416 eligible abattoir workers were selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data on knowledge related to bovine tuberculosis was collected among the abattoir workers from May to July 2014, through face to face interview and self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were employ...

One Health risk challenges and preparedness regarding bovine tuberculosis at abattoirs in North-central Nigeria: Associated drivers and health belief

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

Background Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a serious public health and neglected zoonotic disease responsible for 147,000 human cases and 12,500 deaths annually. This study assessed knowledge, risk perceptions, and preventive practices regarding bTB among occupationally exposed abattoir workers and drivers for transmission in slaughterhouses. Methods Using a pre-tested questionnaire, we surveyed a cross-section of workers in five main abattoirs in North-central Nigeria between 2018 and 2019. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and univariable/multivariable logistic regression analyses at a 95% confidence level. Results All recruited respondents (n = 422: 77.7% meat processors and 22.3% meat and sanitary inspectors) participated and 10.4% had no formal education. About 44.0% and 27.0% of workers knew about bTB occurrence at the abattoirs and its transmission to humans, respectively. Less than one-third use personal protective equipment (PPE) during meat handling, only a few ...

Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle Slaughtered at Abattoir in Ethiopia and Workforce Awareness of Zoonotic Risk

Research Square (Research Square), 2023

Background Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is endemic and of zoonotic importance in Ethiopia. Despite this, there is limited recent information on the prevalence of bTB in cattle slaughtered at abattoirs. This study reports the prevalence of bTB in cattle slaughtered at the Addis Ababa municipality abattoir and details an assessment of practice and the awareness of occupational workers to zoonoses. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Addis Ababa municipality abattoir from May 2021 to July 2022. A total of 502 cattle slaughtered at the municipality abattoir (260 in the day shift and 242 in the night shift) were included in the study. Data collection and laboratory investigations included postmortem examination, culture and bacteriological examination, molecular characterization of positive isolates using region of difference (RD4) deletion typing and spoligotyping. Knowledge of zoonotic infection risk and practices were investigated through a questionnaire administered to 58 abattoir workers and 58 butchers. Results Based on postmortem examination, bTB suspected lesion was identi ed in 4.58% of cattle and it was signi cantly associated with, age, breed and body condition of the animals. Detection of tuberculosis lesions was higher during the night shift of the slaughter program. The gross lesions were predominately found in the lung and associated lymph nodes (60.87%). Of the 23 bTB suspected tuberculous lesions, 11 (47.83%) tissue samples were culture positive, and four isolates were RD4 positive, identifying M. bovis. Spoligotyping patterns were also effectively detected in four isolates. The observed spoligotype patterns were two SB1477 strains, and SB1176 and SB0133 strains. In the questionnaire survey, 79.31% of abattoir workers were aware of bTB, however, 93.10% of butchers did not know of bTB and understood less about preventing cross-infection. Conclusion Bovine tuberculosis is still evident in cattle reaching the abattoir in Addis Ababa. Higher detection of tuberculous lesions during the night suggests a need for improved meat inspections during the night shift to reduce the public health risk of bTB zoonosis.

An Emerging Zoonosis of Bovine Tuberculosis-A Neglected Zoonotic Disease (NZD) in Work-Related Occupational Groups in Pakistan

2018

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is potentially serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is found one of the neglected zoonotic disease (NZD) caused by Mycobacterium bovis has an economic importance and public health significance and appear as a life threatening infection at the human-animal-ecosystem interface in low-resource settings and less developed countries across the world. Employees in different categories of work may be deliberately or unintentionally exposed to biological agents. Lack of information leads to spread of an infection. Globally, insufficient information is available on human TB caused by Mycobacterium bovis in emerging states. Aims: To specify the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis due to M. bovis in specific work-related occupational groups such as livestock farm workers, abattoir workers, butchers, veterinarians and veterinary assistants and also to document their awareness, level of knowle...

Risk Perceptions and Protective Behaviors Toward Bovine Tuberculosis Among Abattoir and Butcher Workers in Ethiopia

Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Bovine Tuberculosis (BTB) is a serious cause of economic losses and public health threat, especially in developing countries. Humans acquire BTB through consumption of raw or undercooked meat, inhalation of aerosol and occupational exposure. A cross-disciplinary approach to study diseases connecting society and biology helps to understand the ways in which social, cultural, behavioral, and economic circumstances influence a healthy life. The objective of this study was to assess the risk perceptions and protective behaviors toward BTB among abattoir and butcher workers in central Ethiopia. A health belief model was used to generate the desired data following health belief model constructs. A total of 300 meat handlers working in local abattoirs, export abattoirs and butcher houses in Bishoftu, Modjo, Dukem, and Akaki towns of central Ethiopia were selected using a systematic random sampling method. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to assess factors associated with risk of exposure to BTB through the consumption of raw meat. The results showed that among the study participants, 95% heard about BTB and 93% knew that eating raw meat could be a source of BTB for humans. More than 62.7% of the respondents in the high risk group strongly agreed that contracting BTB would prevent them from coming to work, keep them in bed for an extended period of time and cause death. The majority of the respondents believed that free provision of personal protective clothing, compensation with test and slaughter campaigns, television and radio advertisements, educational programs and government-imposed penalties would help in prevention of BTB. Despite the high perceived severity and risk perception, the multivarable logistic regression model showed low-risk protective behavior among male (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2-4.3) and older age (>30) individuals (OR: 14.4 95% CI: 2.1-125.8). The study also noted the importance of media for health education as means for prevention of BTB. The authors strongly recommended the need of promotion of behavioral change toward the consumption of raw meat wich would have potential implications for the public health impacts of zoonotic tuberculosis and ultimately help national and global efforts toward prevention and control of tuberculosis.

Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in slaughtered cattle and factors associated with risk of disease transmission among cattle handlers at Oko-Oba Abattoir, Lagos, Nigeria

Veterinary World, 2020

Background and Aim: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease of major public health importance, especially in many developing countries, including Nigeria, where control measures are largely not applied, and the risks of human infection are high. This study was aimed at determining the current prevalence of bTB in slaughtered cattle and identifying factors associated with the risk of disease transmission among cattle handlers toward making informed control measures to limit human-animal interface disease transmission. Materials and Methods: Serum samples at slaughter and lesions suggestive of bTB collected during postmortem examination of 187 slaughtered cattle at the Oko–Oba Abattoir, Agege, Lagos State, Nigeria, were subjected to lateral flow and Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) techniques, respectively. Furthermore, a structured questionnaire was interviewer-administered to 156 cattle handlers to investigate associated exposure factors to bTB infection. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of bTB in cattle was 25.7% and 7.0% by lateral flow technique and ZN, respectively. The seropositivity was highest in cattle with poor body condition (50.0%), then with good (36.4%) and fair (25.0%) body conditions. The questionnaire survey revealed that being in livestock handling business for >6 years (p=0.001), not knowing the mode of transmission (p=0.02) and ignoring TB lesions at slaughter (p=0.02) were exposure factors associated with increased risk of bTB infection among the cattle handlers. Further, multivariate analysis showed that those who spent more than 6 years in livestock handling were about 4 times (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.1-7.6, p=0.01) more likely to be exposed to bTB infection than those with lesser years. Again, respondents who called the attention of meat inspectors on seeing lesions in animals were about 4 times less likely to be exposed to bTB infection than those who ignored it (AOR=0.3; CI=0.1-0.8, p=0.01). Conclusion: This study has reiterated the endemicity of bTB in cattle population in Nigeria, with the prevalence of 25.7% and 7.0% of bTB by lateral flow and ZN techniques, respectively. This portends potential risk for disease transmission at the human-animal interface, particularly at the abattoir setting. The study also identified important knowledge and practice gaps which would enable informed, all-inclusive, and well-directed programs for effective control of the disease in both human and cattle populations.