Harmonics at the utility industrial interface: a real world example (original) (raw)
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This document describes power system harmonics as they relate to AC variable frequency drives controlling centrifugal pumping applications. Some of the topics covered are: t Definition of harmonics t How AC variable frequency drives create harmonics t Effects of variable frequency drives on the AC line t Three-phase harmonics associated with phase-to-phase loads t Controlling harmonics t Information on the IEEE 519-1992 standard, "IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems"
Design and Specification of Harmonic Filters for Variable Frequency Drives
The widespread use of variable frequency drives (VFD) in industry has raised serious concerns about power quality in electrical distribution systems. VFDs are nonlinear loads that cause harmonic voltages across the system impedance by injecting harmonic currents into the power system. The performance of other sensitive loads in the system may be harmed as a result of this harmonic distortion. This study presents a method for designing and specifying low voltage harmonic filters for VFDs. An electrical distribution system feeding a group of variable frequency drives is analyzed using the proposed methodology. To carry out this research Matlab coding will be used. The minimum value of the filter's var and its specifications are determined using an iterative technique. To validate the proposed method, a number of case studies are presented. The results demonstrate that the method is effective.
Sources and mitigation of harmonics in industrial electrical power systems: State of the art
Online Journal on Power and Energy Engineering (OJPEE), 2012
Power systems are designed to operate at frequencies of 50 Hz or 60Hz. However, certain types of loads produce currents and voltages with frequencies that are integer multiples of the 50 or 60 Hz fundamental frequency. These higher frequencies represent a form of electrical network pollutions known as ''power system harmonics''. This paper presents an extensive literature review in the petrochemical sector for the power system harmonics such as harmonics fundamentals, harmonics harmful effects on various electrical equipment, harmonic distortion limits and harmonic mitigation techniques. This paper is intended as a guide for those interested in this problem or intending to perform further researches in this area.
Designing harmonic filters for adjustable-speed drives to comply with IEEE-519 harmonic limits
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1999
This paper discusses the application of the revised IEEE 519 harmonics standard to typical industrial facilities employing adjustable-speed drives (ASD's). The harmonic generation characteristics of ASD's are described. Requirements for control of the harmonic currents are developed as a function of the ASD characteristics, overall plant loading level, power system characteristics, and power-factor-correction requirements. Filter design procedures are presented for controlling the harmonic currents injected into the power system.
Innovative Filter Concept For Power System Harmonics
ICHPS V International Conference on Harmonics in Power Systems., 1992
A modification to conventional harmonic filters used in HMC Stations and similar equipment is proposed. A rectifier is used to recover energy from several tuned filters. and the amount of energy recovered controls filter quality Q. n r~h a M a C Thus. low+ filters can be desimed without the VoftagaSourra Two-Winding Transformer I Nonllnear Load attendant power losses. Such f i l t e r s are desirable from the point of view of simplicity, robustness. and stability. The 'minimum losses filter' concept is explained through simulation studies of operating characteristics and Its application to an existing HYDC terminal. 1981 he has been on the faculty of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
HARMONIC FILTER FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
Harmonic currents in particular are receiving more attention as a critical power quality concern, with an estimated 60 percent of electricity now passing through nonlinear loads. This paper shows the principles of how the harmonic filter can be used in radial medium voltage distribution system as a solution to solve harmonic current problems. The well-developed graphic facilities available in an industry standard power system package, namely PSCAD/EMTDC, are used to conduct all aspects of model implementation and to carry out extensive simulation studies.
2015
The proliferation of variable frequency drives (VFDs) has brought increased attention to harmonic effects created by drives. A standard 6-pulse drive without any harmonic mitigation technology may interfere with neighboring equipment, reduce equipment life, and negatively impact the utility power quality. Under some circumstances the total harmonic current distortion (THID) may approach the level of the fundamental current. Drive manufacturers offer a low harmonic, 18-pulse drive to combat these effects. An alternative solution is the use of a traditional 6-pulse drive equipped with a passive harmonic filter; however, typical passive harmonic filters experience reduced effectiveness at loads less than 100%. With the introduction of adaptive passive technology, the Matrix AP harmonic filter maintains strong harmonic filtering performance across a wide range of loads. This paper compares the performance of a 100 HP 18-pulse drive with the performance of a standard 100 HP 6-pulse drive...
Harmonics in Offshore Electrical Power Systems
SPE Projects Facilities & Construction, 2006
Summary Recently, electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) have become widely used in depleting oil fields with low pressure (dead crude) and in deep wells with marginal pressure to achieve oil production. These types of ESPs are variable-speed drives (VSDs) and operated at variable voltages and frequencies to optimize production. The introduction of a large amount of ESPs driven by VSDs into an electrical power system of an offshore oil field that is electrically weak leads to distortion of voltage and current profile beyond acceptable limits, thereby producing harmonics. The more distortion there is in the waveforms, the higher the harmonics. The concept of harmonics, along with their impact and mitigation measures to be exercised in an offshore power system, is discussed in this paper. Furthermore, a method statement is provided for sizing the active harmonic filter (AHF). An attempt is made to arrive at an empirical relationship for an AHF rating in kVAR for offshore electrical power...
A New Iterative Approach for Designing Passive Harmonic Filters for Variable Frequency Drives
Natural Sciences Publishing, 2023
The extensive usage of variable frequency drives (VFDs) in industrial applications has caused significant concern regarding the quality of power in electrical distribution systems. VFDs are nonlinear loads that cause harmonic voltages across system impedance by injecting harmonic currents into the power system. The performance of other sensitive loads in the system may be harmed as a result of this harmonic distortion. This study presents a new method for designing and specifying low-voltage harmonic filters for 6-pulse VFDs. An electrical distribution system feeding a group of variable frequency drives was analyzed using the proposed methodology. MATLAB software was used to conduct this study. The minimum value of the filter's reactive power and its specifications were determined using an iterative technique. To validate the proposed methodology, two case studies are presented. The results demonstrate that the method is effective.
Harmonic filter design using actual recorded data - Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on
This paper presents a study of harmonic filters design to minimize harmonic distortion caused by a harmonic source such as drives. Several types of shunt harmonic filters are presented. The analysis includes the basic principles, the application of the 2-bus method and the economic aspects for harmonic filter design. Off-line steady state simulation programs, namely, V-HARM and HARMFLO are used to model loads, to study variation of the harmonics and to evaluate the effect of harmonic filters at various buses in the system. Several existing utility systems are used as test cases to check the performance of the filter. The major objectives in this study are (i) to improve the power factor, (U) to reduce current and voltage distortion to standard limits, and (i) to reduce resonance problems at other buses, if any. The paper also reports the transient analysis of harmonic filters using Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) which is essential to determine proper ratings of the filter components. Elham B. Makram (SM '82)