Thromboprophylaxis only during hospitalisation in fast-track hip and knee arthroplasty, a prospective cohort study (original) (raw)
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Indian Journal of Orthopaedics, 2013
Background: Postoperative thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for an extended period of 4 weeks is now preferred over short term thromboprophylaxis in patients undergoing total hip/knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA). However, most of the data demonstrating the efficacy and safety of extended thromboprophylaxis and short term thromboprophylaxis is from clinical trials done in the West. In India, the data of the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following THA/TKA has been conflicting and the duration has not been clearly defined. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of extended thromboprophylaxis over short term thromboprophylaxis in Indian patients undergoing elective THA/TKA surgeries. Materials and Methods: A prospective arm of 197 consecutive patients undergoing elective THA/TKA surgeries who were administered extended thromboprophylaxis for 4 weeks was compared with a historical group of 795 patients who were administered short term thromboprophylaxis for only 7-11 days. In both groups, LMWH (enoxaparin) was used in a dose of 40 mg subcutaneously, in addition to mechanical thromboprophylaxis. Primary efficacy endpoint was objectively confirmed venous thromboembolism (VTE). The presence of DVT was confirmed by a combination of pretest scoring, D-dimer, and Color Doppler Flow Imaging (CDFI) of deep veins of the legs, and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) was confirmed by ventilation perfusion (V/Q) scan or pulmonary angiography. Fisher's exact test and t test were used for the statistical analysis. The baseline confounding factors were compared between the two groups using t test for comparing the means for continuous data and Fisher's exact test for categorical data. Results: In the prospective arm, only 1 patient developed symptomatic PTE compared to 26 (3.27%) cases of VTE (20 cases of PTE and 6 cases of DVT) in the retrospective group. Conclusion: Extended thromboprophylaxis (for 4 weeks) was found to be more effective than short term thromboprophylaxis in minimizing the risk of postoperative VTE in patients who underwent THA/TKA.
Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylaxis for Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Changing Trends
Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine, 2014
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been identified as an immediate threat to patients undergoing major orthopedic procedures such as total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Given the known dangers of VTE, arthroplasty surgeons are sensitive to the need for VTE thromboprophylaxis. However, the modalities of thromboprophylaxis used to minimize the risks to patients have been variable. Clinical practice guidelines have been published by several professional organizations, while some hospitals have established their own protocols. The 2 most popular guidelines are those published by the Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) and American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP), both from North America. Prior to 2012, these recommendations varied depending on underlying definitions, methodology, and goals of the 2 groups. For the first time, both groups have similar recommendations that focus on minimizing symptomatic VTE and bleeding complications. The key to determining the appropriate chemoprophylaxis for patients is to balance efficacy of a prophylactic agent, while being safe in regards to bleeding complications. However, a multimodal approach that focuses on early postoperative mobilization and the use of mechanical prophylaxis, in addition to chemoprophylaxis, is essential.
Thromboprophylaxis in orthopedic surgery: how long is long enough?
American journal of orthopedics (Belle Mead, N.J.), 2009
Pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparins, vitamin K antagonists, or fondaparinux is well tolerated and effective in preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) in major orthopedic surgery but is often limited to in-hospital use. However, 45% to 80% of all symptomatic VTE events occur after hospital discharge. Extended-duration VTE prophylaxis for 28 to 35 days reduces risk for late VTE by up to 70%. In this article, I review the evidence supporting guideline recommendations regarding extended-duration prophylaxis after major orthopedic surgery and provide an overview of current and emerging literature regarding prevention of postoperative VTE in patients undergoing this surgery.
SICOT-J, 2022
Introduction: Aspirin is widely used for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). It is well-established that the bleeding and wound complication risk for aspirin is low or equivalent to the other anticoagulant agents, but there is still ongoing controversy regarding the efficacy of aspirin for VTE prophylaxis. The current HSE (2012) guideline suggests 72 h of enoxaparin and 4 weeks of Aspirin therapy. But is this practice still relevant with more recent guidelines, NICE (2021) and SIGN (2014) suggesting that Aspirin is not recommended as a single pharmacological agent for VTE prophylaxis. Method: A Retrospective review was performed of a single centre, between January 2016 and May 2021 assessing for symptomatic VTE post-THA and TKA. All the patients received enoxaparin and aspirin as per the HSE guidelines. Using NIMIS we assessed which patients received a workup for potential symptomatic VTE and who had a confirmed VTE within 3 months post-surgery. The secondary outcome was mortality within 3 months post-surgery. Results: A total of 1178 patients (721 undergoing THR and 457 undergoing TKR) were included in the study. The number of patients who received a workup for potential symptomatic VTE was 124 of 1178 (10.53%). VTE occurred in 13 of 721 patients (1.80%) of the THR patients and 1 of 457 (0.22%) of the TKR patients, and a total of 14 of 1178 patients (1.19%). Of these 7 (0.59%) patients developed a DVT and 7 (0.59%) a PE. No patients suffered a fatal pulmonary embolism within 90 days of index surgery nor any other cause of mortality. Conclusion: Aspirin is not only still relevant but can be considered as one of the most optimal pharmacological agents in preventing VTE after THA and TKA.
Comparing consensus guidelines on thromboprophylaxis in orthopedic surgery
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 2010
To cite this article: Struijk-Mulder MC, Ettema HB, Verheyen CC, Bü ller HR. Comparing consensus guidelines on thromboprophylaxis in orthopedic surgery. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8: 678-83. See also Sobieraj-Teague M, Eikelboom JW, Hirsh J. How can we reduce disagreement among guidelines for venous thromboembolism prevention? This issue, pp 675-7.
Thromboprophylaxis does not prevent venous thromboembolism after major surgery
Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, 2015
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition or complication and might be one of the worst nightmares for most surgeons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of venous thrombo-embolism (VTE) in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery and major orthopedic surgery who received VTE prophylaxis. Methods: Between January of 2010 and September of 2013 all the patients who underwent major abdominal surgery and major orthopedic surgery who received VTE prophylaxis, at King Fahad Hospital Dammam Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, were prospectively evaluated for the incidence of DVT and PE within 30 postoperative days. Results: The incidence of symptomatic DVT and PE in the patients studied was 2.23% and 2.03%, respectively. The incidences of PE and DVT following abdominal surgery were 2.44%, and the incidences of PE and DVT following orthopedic surgery were 1.62% and 2.03%, respectively. Conclusion: Despite the use of thromboprophylaxis, PE and DVT were important complications of major abdominal and major orthopedic surgery.
An Update on Venous Thromboembolism Rates and Prophylaxis in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in 2020
Medicina
Patients undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty are at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) with an incidence of approximately 0.6–1.5%. Given the high volume of these operations, with approximately one million performed annually in the U.S., the rate of VTE represents a large absolute number of patients. The rate of VTE after total hip arthroplasty has been stable over the past decade, although there has been a slight reduction in the rate of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), but not pulmonary embolism (PE), after total knee arthroplasty. Over this time, there has been significant research into the optimal choice of pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis for individual patients, with the objective to reduce the rate of VTE while minimizing adverse side effects such as bleeding. Recently, aspirin has emerged as a promising prophylactic agent for patients undergoing arthroplasty due to its similar efficacy and good safety profile compared to other pharmacologic agents. However, there is...
Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica, 2008
Ülkemizde majör ortopedik cerrahi (MOC) için farmakolojik profilaksi uygulanan hastalarda venöz tromboembolizm (VTE) risk faktörleri, kullanılan profilaksi yöntemleri ve klinik bulgu veren derin ven trombozu (DVT) ve pulmoner emboli (PE) sıklığı araştırıldı. Çalışma planı: Prospektif, çokmerkezli, açık, müdahalesiz bir gözlem çalışması planlanarak, 21 merkezden 899 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Olguların 316'sında (%35.2) total kalça protezi (TKP), 328'inde (%36.5) total diz protezi (TDP), 255'inde (%28.4) kalça kırığı (KK) cerrahisi uygulandı. Tüm hastalarda farmakolojik DVT profilaksisine başvuruldu. Sonuçlar: Olguların %73.2'sinde VTE risk faktörleri vardı. En sık görülen risk faktörleri obezite (%72) ve uzamış immobilizasyon (%36.3) idi. Profilaksi için olguların %91.1'inde düşük molekül ağırlıklı heparin, %8.9'unda fondaparinuks kullanıldı. Olguların 273'üne (%30.4) kısa dönem, 626'sına (%69.6) uzun dönem profilaksi uygulandı. Mekanik profilaksi 610 olguda (%67.9) elastik çorap ile, 67 olguda (%7.5) aralıklı hava basınç cihazı ile uygulandı. Üç aylık takip sonucunda sekiz olguda (%0.9) klinik bulgu veren DVT, dört olguda (%0.4) PE gelişti. Mortalite 10 olguda (%1.1) görüldü. Kanama komplikasyonu sekiz olguda (%0.9) majör, 40 olguda (%4.5) minör idi. Çıkarımlar: Etkin VTE profilaksi yapıldığında MOC'de klinik bulgu veren DVT ve PE oranları düşük olmaktadır. Anahtar sözcükler: Antikoagülan/terapötik kullanım; artroplasti, replasman, kalça; artroplasti, replasman, diz; ameliyat sonrası komplikasyon; risk faktörü; tromboembolizm; venöz trombozis. Objectives: We investigated risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE), prophylaxis measures employed, and incidence of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery (MOS). Methods: An open, multicenter, prospective, observational study was conducted in 21 medical centers, comprising 899 patients. Of these, 316 patients (35.2%) underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA), 328 patients (36.5%) underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and 255 patients (28.4%) underwent surgery for hip fractures (HF). Pharmacologic prophylaxis was employed in all the patients. Results: Risk factors for VTE were seen in 73.2% of the patents, the most common being obesity (72%) and prolonged immobilization (36.3%). Low-molecular-weight heparin (91.1%) and fondaparinux (8.9%) were used for prophylaxis, which was short-term in 273 patients (30.4%) and long-term in 626 patients (69.6%). Mechanical prophylaxis was performed with compression stockings in 610 patients (67.9%) and by intermittent pneumatic compression in 67 patients (7.5%). During three-months of follow-up, symptomatic DVT and PE were seen in eight (0.9%) and four patients (0.4%), respectively. Mortality occurred in 10 patients (1.1%). Complications of major and minor bleeding were seen in eight (0.9%) and 40 (4.5%) patients, respectively. Conclusion: Effective VTE prophylaxis is associated with low risk of clinically apparent DVT and PE in MOS.