Root Growth Responses of Melilotis indicus (L.) All. to Air Pollution (original) (raw)
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Root Growth Responses of Anagallis Arvensis L., Primulaceae to Air Pollution
Environmental Pollution, 1988
The root growth response to air pollution in populations ofAnagallis arvensis growing about 0"5, 2, 6, 12 and 20 km leeward from a power plant complex varied with the level of pollution, age of the stand and meteorological conditions. The roots were more affected by the pollutants at a young stage and the loss in net primary productivity was proportional to the pollution level The populations up to 2 km from the source of pollution completed their life cycle quickly. The coal consumption rate at the power plant, relative humidity, wind direction and other environmental factors were found to influence the degree of growth response to air pollution.
EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION ON PLANTS IN ULHASNAGAR GARDEN AREA AND AMBERNATH MIDC AREA
Bhumi Publishing, 2023
Air pollution is the one of most common factors for environmental degradation. Air is highly polluted due to industrialization and transportation resulting in increasing SO2 and NO2. Air pollution has harmful effects on human and plant health and their physiological activity. Plants play a major role in balancing the ecological System. Air pollution affect plant biochemical parameter like total chlorophyll content, relative water content, leaf extract pH, etc. The present study evaluates and compares these biochemical parameters of ten plants species growing in MIDC area of Ambernath and Garden area of Ulhasnagar. Ambernath MIDC area has been used as study area and Ulhasnagar Garden area has been used as control. Introduction: Pollution is caused due to human activity. Air is an essential resource for the substance of life and all organisms need clean air for their healthy growth and development (Rai et al., 2013). But today this air has become highly polluted due to industrialization and urbanization (Lohe et al., 2015). The major contributor to the air pollution problem is the transport sector. Air pollution affects the plant via leaf or indirectly via soil acidification. Air pollution affects plants physiologically like chlorophyll content, leaf size, stomata size or stomata number, etc. the chlorophyll content of the plant is important for photosynthetic activity as well as the growth and development of biomass. The air pollution tolerance index indicates the potential of vegetation to encounter air pollutants and all components of trees can be used as biomonitors. The plant species which are more sensitive acts as a biological indicator of air pollutants. The response of plants of air pollution at physiological and biochemical level can be understood by analyzing Some Biochemical Methods and Parameter Chlorophyll content, leaf extract pH, and Relative water content in leaf. The Ambernath MIDC area is an industrial and transport sector zone. This zone has many chemicals, textile, metal industries. Due to high rate of transportation plant suffer from abiotic stress and change their physiological activity. In this study, a comparative analysis was conducted to investigate the biochemical parameter of plants in the MIDC area and a garden area. The impact of various air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter on the plants was studied. The analysis was focused on the differences in tolerance index of plants growing in the MIDC area and garden area. Furthermore, the effects of air pollution on the growth and health of plants in the two locations was also studied. This study aims in understanding the effect of air pollution on plants.
Industrial air pollution is more complex than most other environmental challenges. Impact of Industrial pollution on plants grown in the vicinity of Industries specially power stations has a major concern.Flyash,NOx ,SOx and Particulate matter released from the combustion of coal are the main pollutants that effects the plant growth. Plant species can be effectively used as filters for reducing air pollution and also as bio-indicators to determine the extent of air pollution. In the present study biochemical parameters namely ascorbic acid, leaf extract pH, total chlorophyll content and relative water content are measured to generate Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) for about eight plants grown in the villages located in the North west, South west, North east and South east directions of the Dr.NTTPS a coal based thermal power station under study. The results obtained indicated the tolerance capacity of some of the plants under study. Out of the 8 plants studied namely, Azadirechta indica (Neem), Ashoka indica, Albezzia lebbek, Citrus lemon, Nerium Indica, Mangifera indica (mango), Pongamia pinnata (kanuga), Zeamays (mokka jonna), pongamia pinnata (kanuga) is found to be the sensitive species while others are tolerant towards air pollution. Lower APTI values in the plants grown in the villages situated in the North west and South west areas of the power station under study showed reduced air pollution impact indicating less absorption of air pollutants by the plants in that direction compared to the plants grown in the villages in North east and South east directions of the power station.
Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 2010
This study, aimed at elucidating changes in the foliar and cambial behavior in Azadirachta indica (Neem tree) due to coal-smoke pollution, has revealed inhibitory effects of pollution stress on leaf pigments concentrations, nitrate reductase activity and the contents of reducing sugars and total N content, whereas stimulatory effects were given on stomatal index and nitrate and sulphur contents. Under smoke effects, stomatal conductance was low, leading to a drop in the net photosynthetic rate and a rise in the internal CO 2 concentration of leaf. Cambial reactivation in the stem was delayed at the polluted site. Although the total span of the cambial activity was reduced, greater amount of wood was observed to accumulate in the stem axis under heavy pollution stress. Vessel proportion in the wood increased, whereas size of vessel elements and xylem fibers decreased. ''Vulnerability factor'' (ratio between mean vessel diameter and mean vessel abundance) and ''mesomorphic ratio'' (multiplication product of vulnerability factor and mean length of vessel element) of the stem-wood, both declined with increase in the pollution stress, thus indicating a tendency of the species for shifting towards xeromorphy when grown under stress. Given the opposite trends of photosynthetic rate and wood increment, the carbonpartitioning pattern rather than the photosynthetic rate seems to have influenced the accumulation of new wood. The Neem tree proves to be suitable for growing in the polluted areas.
Impact of Air Pollution on Crops in the Vicinity Of a Power Plant: A Case Study
The impact of ambient air pollution on the crops like paddy and cotton which are the major crops in these areas surrounding Dr.NarlaTataRaoThermal Power Plant (NTTPS) area during summer and monsoon seasons is studied. The amount of tolerance on these crops towards air pollution is determined by simple and economical method APTI (Air pollution Tolerance Index) test leaf samples from the identified crop plants were collected from within 25Km radius of the NTTPS site during summer and monsoon seasons and four biochemical parameters like, relative water content, leaf pH, ascorbic acid content and total chlorophyll content are examined. The results have shown that these crops are sensitive as the APTI values are less than 11.The study indicated that ambient air pollution due to the presence of power plant has adverse impact on the growth of paddy and cotton crops in the close vicinity of 25 Km radius of this thermal power plant.
Journal of Plant Biology, 2000
Datura innoxia. Coal-smoke emissions were produced by the Badarpur Thermal Power Plant in Delhi, Indi& At the polluted site, the size of roots and leaves as well as the number of branches and leaves per plant increased, but shoot lengths and leaf areas were lower, compared with control plants. The net photosynthesis rate, stomatal resistance, and the amount of pigments (chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids) were less in pollution-affected plants, while stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration were higher in these plants. Explants from both sites (polluted and non-polluted), grown in vitro on various combinations of auxin (2,4-D, NAA) and cytokinin (BAP, KN), showed the maximum response on a medium containing NAA (0.1 mg L -1) with BAP (5.0 mg L-l). Hyoscyamine content was higher in all parts (root, stem, leaf, and regenerants) of the polluted plants. Interactive effe~ of nitrogen and sulphur on growth and yield of rapeseed-mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss and Brassica compestris L.) genotypes. J Agron Crop Sci 181 : 193-199 Ahmad A, Abrol YP, Abdin MZ (I 999) Effect of split application of sulphur and nitrogen on growth and yield attributes of Brassica genotypes differing in their time of flowering. Can J Plant Sci 79:175-180 Chakravarty B, Srivastava S (I 992) Toxicity of some heavy metals in vivo and in vitro in Helianthus annuus. Mut Res 283:287-294 Chakravarty B, Srivastava S (1997) Effect of cadmium and zinc interaction on metal uptake and regeneration of tolerant plants in linseed.
AIR POLLUTION TOLERANCE INDEX OF VARIOUS PLANT SPECIES AROUND NANDED CITY, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) was calculated for various roadside plant species around Nanded city. Studies were carried out to determine the physiological response of plant species Azadirachta indica, Mangifera indica, Polyalthia longifolia, Ficus religiosa, Ficus bengalensis, Ficus glomerata, Moringa oleifera, Phyllanthus embilca, Euginia jambolana, Eucalyptus, Delonix regia, Acacia nilotica, Leucaena leucocephala, Dalbergia sissoo and Tamarindus indicain Nanded city. Objective: To identify the air pollution tolerance plant species. Methods: The leaf samples collected from these plant species were used to determine their APTI by calculating the ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, pH, and relative water contents for sites. Results: Response of plants towards air pollution was assessed by APTI. On the basis of APTI Azadirachta indica, Moringa Oleifera, Euginia Jambolana and Tamarindus indica were tolerant while, Mangifera indica, Polyalthia longifolia,Ficus bengalensis, Delonix regia, Acacia nilotica, Leucaena leucocephala and Dalbergia sissooplants were intermediate plant. The plant species Ficus religiosa, Ficus glomerata, Phyllanthus embilca and Eucalyptus were sensitive. Conclusions: The APTI determination provides a reliable method for screening sensitive tolerant plants under field conditions where the air-shed is contaminated by a variety of pollutants. The susceptibility level of plants to air pollutions as indicated through their index values, compared well with the responses of plants observed under laboratory and field experiments.
Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 2022
Air pollution is one of the major problems in the Delhi NCR region due to industrial emissions, traffic congestion, population growth and rapid development. Air pollutants deteriorate the environment, human health, plants and crops. This study focuses on the physiological parameters and yield attributes of paddy and wheat crops in the vicinity of a gas-based national thermal power plant (NTPC) located in Faridabad. Ten sites were selected, including the control site within a 10 km aerial distance from the exhaust chimney stack of the power plant. Major air pollutants, such as NOx, SOx, O3, and PM10, were monitored using Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) guidelines. The air quality index (AQI) was moderately polluted at the sampling site, while good air quality was observed at the control site. The results showed that the photosynthetic rates were reduced to 46% in paddies and 48% in wheat crops. In the vegetative growth stage of paddies and wheat crops, the stomatal conductance...