Effect of selenium and vitamin E supplementation on lipid abnormalities in plasma, aorta, and adipose tissue of Zucker rats (original) (raw)
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Effects of selenium deficiency on fatty acid metabolism in rats fed fish oil-enriched diets
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2004
The hepatic fatty acid metabolism was investigated in rats stressed by selenium deficiency and enhanced fish oil intake. Changes in the composition of lipids, peroxides, and fatty acids were studied in the liver of rats fed either a Sedeficient (8 mg Se/kg) or a Se-adequate (300 mg Se/kg) diet, both rich in n-3 fatty acid-containing fish oil (100 g/kg diet) and vitamin E (146 mg alpha-tocopherol/kg diet). The two diets were identical except for their Se content. Se deficiency led to a decrease in hair coat density and quality as well as to changes in liver lipids, individual lipid fractions and phospholipid fatty acid composition of the liver. The low Se status did reduce total and reduced glutathione in the liver but did not affect the hepatic malondialdehyde level. In liver phospholipids (PL), Se deficiency significantly reduced levels of palmitic acid [16:0], fatty acids of the n-3 series such as DHA [22:6 n-3], and other long-chain polyunsaturates C-20-C-22, but increased n-6 fatty acids such as linoleic acid (LA) [18:2 n-6]. Thus, the conversion of LA to arachidonic acid was reduced and the ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids was increased. As in liver PL, an increase in the n-6/n-3 ratio was also observed in the mucosal total fatty acids of the small intestine. These results suggest that in rats with adequate vitamin E and enhanced fish oil intake, Se deficiency affects the lipid concentration and fatty acid composition in the liver. The changes may be related to the decreased levels of selenoenzymes with antioxidative functions. Possible effects of Se on absorption, storage and desaturation of fatty acids were also discussed.
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 2010
The effects of supplementing diets with a mixture of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers (CLAmix) and/or selenium as Na 2 SeO 3 (SeIV) or selenized yeast (SeY) on the growth performance of rats and on the contents of some fatty acids (FA) in their abdominal fat and brains were investigated. The study was performed on 80 female Wistar rats (Hsd Brl Han: WIST), 8 weeks of age with an initial body weight of 195.4 ± 0.8 g. Each group numbered 8 rats. During the 7-day preliminary period the rats were fed a standard Labofeed H diet at a sub-maintenance level. Next, for 6 weeks the rats were fed ad libitum on the experimental diets supplemented with CLAmix, 0.2 ppm Se or 0.5 ppm Se as SeIV (L SeIV or H SeIV, respectively) and SeY (L SeY or H SeY, respectively). The rats were sacrificed at the end of the six-week experimental period. The diets enriched in H SeIV, L SeY, or H SeY increased the body weight gain (BWG) compared with the control rats, while the dietary CLAmix had a negligible effect on BWG in comparison with the control group. The addition of CLAmix to the diet enriched in Se, regardless of the level of extra Se and its chemical form, showed a negligible influence on the BWG in animals compared with rats fed the diet containing only L SeIV, H SeIV, L SeY or H SeY, respectively. Dietary L SeIV resulted in a decrease in the content of saturated fatty acids (SFA), atherogenic SFA (A-SFA), thrombogenic SFA (T-SFA), mono-(MUFA), poly-(PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, PUFAn-3, PUFAn-6, c9C18:1, c9c12C18:2 (LA), c6c9c12C18:3 γ-LNA), c9c12c15C18:3 (α-LNA) and the sum of FA in the fat of rats. The diets enriched in CLAmix, H SeIV, L SeY or H SeY generally exhibited a smaller influence on the level of these FA in the fat compared with rats fed the diet with L SeIV. The diet with L SeIV had a negligible influence on the content of long-chain PUFAn-3 and n-6 (LPUFAn-3 and LPUFAn-6) in the fat compared with the control rats. The diet with L SeIV numerically or statistically increased the ratio of PUFA/SFA, MUFA/
Lipids, 2002
The aim of the present work was to test the effects of large-dose supplementation of vitamin E (Vit E) and selenium (Se), either singly or in combination, on fish oil (FO)-induced tissue lipid peroxidation and hyperlipidemia. The supplementation of Se has been shown to lower blood cholesterol and increase tissue concentrations of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH); however, the effects of Se supplementation, either alone or in combination with supplemental Vit E, on FO-induced oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia have not been studied. Male Syrian hamsters received FO-based diets that contained 14.3 wt% fat and 0.46 wt% cholesterol supplemented with Vit E (129 IU D-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg diet) and/or Se (3.4 ppm as sodium selenate) or that contained basal requirements of both nutrients. The cardiac tissue of hamsters fed supplemental Se showed increased concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) but decreased oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations. The higher concentrations of LPO in the hearts of Se-supplemented hamsters were not lowered with concurrent Vit E supplementation. In the liver, Se supplementation was associated with higher Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity and an increase in the GSH/GSSG ratio, whereas a lower hepatic non-Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity was seen with Vit E supplementation. Supplemental intake of Se was associated with lower plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol plus very low density lipoprotein cholesterol. In view of the pro-oxidative effects of Se supplementation on cardiac tissue, a cautionary approach needs to be taken regarding the plasma lipid-lowering properties of supplemental Se.
Lipids, 2008
Cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) have been considered as specific in vivo markers of oxidative stress. In this study, an increased oxidative status was induced in Wistar rats by feeding them a high-fat diet (cafeteria diet). Another group of animals received the same diet supplemented with a combination of two different antioxidants, ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg rat/day) and sodium selenite (200 lg/kg rat/day) and a third group fed on a control diet. Total and individual COPs analysis of the different diets showed no differences among them. At the end of the experimental trial, rats were sacrificed and serum cholesterol, triglycerides and COPs were measured. None of the diets induced changes in rats body weight, total cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Serum total COPs in rats fed on the high-fat diet were 1.01 lg/ml, two times the amount of the control rats (0.47 lg/ml). When dietary antioxidant supplementation was given, serum total COPs concentration (0.44 lg/ml) showed the same levels than those of the rats on control diet. 7b-hydroxycholesterol, formed non-enzymatically via cholesterol peroxidation in the presence of reactive oxygen species, showed slightly lower values in the antioxidant-supplemented animals compared to the control ones. This study confirms the importance of dietary antioxidants as protective factors against the formation of oxysterols.
The effect of selenium-deficiency on rat fat-cell glucose oxidation
Biochemical Journal, 1983
When rats are fed a selenium-deficient diet, the glutathione peroxidase activity of epididymal fat-cells decreases to 5-9% of that of control rats fed the same diet supplemented with 0.5 p.p.m. of selenium as sodium selenite. [1-14C]Glucose oxidation in fat-cells from rats fed a selenium-deficient diet is unresponsive to the action of t-butyl hydroperoxide, which stimulates 14CO2 formation from [1-14C]glucose 4-fold in control rats. Insulin enhances [1-14C]glucose oxidation and incorporation into lipids in fat-cells from both groups of rats; however, the response elicited is reduced in fat-cells prepared from selenium-deficient animals. The ‘C-1/C-6 ratio’ (ratio of glucose C-1 to glucose C-6 oxidized) is enhanced by insulin to a similar degree in fat-cells from both groups of animals. The stimulatory action of Zn2+ and dithiothreitol on [1-14C]glucose oxidation observed in fat-cells from selenium-supplemented rats is greatly reduced in fat-cells from selenium-deficient rats. [1-14C...
Selenium Supplementation Alters Hepatic Energy and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Mice
The Journal of nutrition, 2018
Human and animal studies have raised concerns that supplemental selenium can increase the risk of metabolic disorders, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. We used an integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis of liver to test for functional pathway and network responses to supplemental selenium in mice. Male mice (8-wk-old, C57BL/6J) fed a standard diet (0.41 ppm Se) were given selenium (Na2SeO4, 20 μmol/L) or vehicle (drinking water) for 16 wk. Livers were analyzed for selenium concentration, activity of selenoproteins, reduced glutathione (GSH) redox state, gene expression, and high-resolution metabolomics. Transcriptomic and nontargeted metabolomic data were analyzed with biostatistics, bioinformatics, pathway enrichment analysis, and combined transcriptome-metabolome-wide association study (TMWAS). Mice supplemented with selenium had greater body mass gain from baseline to 16 wk (55% ± 5%) compared with controls (40% ± 3%) (P < 0.05); however, no difference was obser...
Dyslipidemia, altered erythrocyte fatty acids and selenium are
BIOKEMISTRI, 2019
Dyslipidemia, reduced omega-3 and-6 fatty acids and antioxidative nutrients are modulatory risk factors associated with dementia. Diet, genetics and environment interact with nutritional metabolism and susceptibility to neurodegeneration. This study investigated the relationship between erythrocyte fatty acids and selected antioxidant nutrients in elderly Nigerians with vascular dementia (VD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Forty VD (69.03±8.19 years) twenty AD (71.06±5.0 years) and forty control (67.5±6.8 years) subjects were studied. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI) were measured in all subjects. Venous blood sample was drawn from all subjects and erythrocytes separated for the determination of fatty acids. Plasma lipids, selenium and vitamin E levels were also measured. There were no differences in BMI, weight and height among the three groups except for systolic BP that was lower in VD (148.3±41.8mmHg) than AD (156±36mmHg). Docosahexanoic acid and eicosapentanoic acid were lower in VD (6.3±2.2 and 2.0±1.6% total fatty acids [TFA]) and AD (5.4±3.1 and 3.0±1.7 %TFA) respectively than in controls (8.9±3.8 and 6.0±4.7%TFA). No variation was recorded in linolenic and arachidonic acids. Significant increases in triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and decreased HDL-cholesterol were observed in both VD and AD when compared to controls (p<0.05 in all cases). Plasma selenium levels were significantly decreased in VD and AD than in controls. Eicosapentanoic and linolenic acids concentrations were negatively correlated with plasma total cholesterol. Low levels of erythrocyte omega-3 fatty acids and plasma selenium concentrations are associated with occurrence of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease in elderly Nigerians.
Revista De Chimie, 2021
Oxidative stress and dyslipidemia are present in childhood obesity. Selenoproteins are important antioxidants. Glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reduce the level of peroxides while the conversion of the tyroid hormon T4 to T3 needs also a selenoenzyme. Selenium deficiency can reduce the selenoproteins activity. The aim of this study was to determine the serum: selenium (Se), thioredoxin level (Trx) and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in obese children with dysmetabolism. The lipid profile, the hormones (free T4 and TSH), serum Se, serum Trx and GPx activity and atherogenic indexes (TG/HDLc, total cholesterol/HDLc, apoB/apoA-I ) were determined in 20 healthy children (1016 years old) versus 41 overweight/obese children, same age, in an observational study. Spectrophotometer and ELISA methods were used. The GPx activity and the serum Se level had similar values in the studied groups , while the serum Trx level was lower in the obese children. The GPx activity was positiv...