Appraisal of heavy metals in different vegetables grown in the vicinity of an industrial area (original) (raw)
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Pak. J. Bot, 2008
The contents of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in various leafy vegetables viz., spinach, coriander, lettuce, radish, cabbage and cauliflower grown in an effluent irrigated fields in the vicinity of an industrial area of Faisalabad, Pakistan were assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn and Cd in the leaves, stems and roots of spinach, coriander, lettuce, radish, cabbage and cauliflower were found to be 1., 0.011-0.052 mg kg -1 on dry matter basis, respectively. The contents of Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb and Cd were below the recommended maximum acceptable levels proposed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. The leaves of spinach, cabbage, cauliflower, radish and coriander contained higher concentrations of Cu (0.923 mg kg -1 ), Cd (0.073 mg kg -1 ), Cr (0.546 mg kg -1 ), Zn (1.893 mg kg -1 ) and Pb (2.652 mg kg -1 ) as compared to other parts of each vegetable. High concentrations of heavy metals as analyzed in the present analysis of different parts of the vegetables might be related to their concentration in the soils irrigated with industrial waste water.
Assessment of Levels of Lead, Cadmium, Copper and Zinc Contamination in Selected Edible Vegetables
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2014
The aim of this study was to measure the level of heavy metals in edible vegetables (tomato, onion and green pepper) collected from Bahir Dar market, garden of Bahir Dar town and Adet Agricultural Research center (near Reb River). Levels of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry after dry ashing process. The average concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn were in the range of; 0.244-0.987, 0.115-0.536, 0.962-3.430 and 2.344-4.136 mg/kg in tomato, 0.241-0.43, 0.12-0.441, 0.879-3.428 and 2.197-3.259 mg/kg in onion and 0.28-0.392, 0.128-0.573, 1.229-2.991 and 3.081-4.242 mg/kg in green pepper respectively. The levels of those metals in all vegetables collected from the market site was higher than Adet Agricultural Research center but lower than garden in Bahir Dar town. The highest concentration of Zn in all vegetables of the analyzed metals was probably because it is considered as essential micronutrients for plants growth and can easily be taken up by plants or may be obtained from the water. The concentration of zinc and copper were within WHO guideline in all analyzed samples, while samples collected from the market and gardens of Bahir Dar town showed high increment in concentration of lead and cadmium from the permissible level set by FAO/WHO for consumption.
Heavy Metal Contamination in Vegetables Grown in Rawalpindi, Pakistan
"Copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) contents of various vegetables (bitter melon, tomato, eggplant, lettuce, cucumber and bell pepper) produced in Rawalpindi, Pakistan was determined using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). These plants are the basis of human nutrition in the study area. All vegetables grown at sewage water by farmers showed the highest contamination of heavy metals, followed by local market, Progressive farmers and hydroponic plant. The concentration ranges in mg/kg were (1.45 -2.55) for Cd, (3.10 to 4.92) Cr, (12.15- 20.50) Cu, (25.00-51.00) for Fe, (7.80 to 15.60) for Mn, (10.16 to 15.42) for Ni, (2.12 to 5.41) Pb and (16.58 to 24.08) for zinc. The contamination was above the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs), set out by WHO. Irregular trends in concentration were also observed in vegetables obtained from local market, progressive farmers and hydroponic plant."
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2013
The accumulation of airborne heavy metals in edible parts of vegetables in the chosen areas of the city of Agra, India was investigated. Agra, with a population of 1.7 million, is a medium-sized Indian city where leafy green vegetables are received generally from the surrounding areas of about 50 km radius. Vegetables Basella alba (spinch, locally called palak), Trigonella foenumgraecum (fenugreek, locally called methi), and Coriandrum sativum (coriander, locally called dhania) from the various sites of Agra, India were tested for Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Zn by atomic absorption spectroscopy in washed and unwashed vegetable. The results obtained from this analysis revealed higher concentrations of toxic elements in unwashed samples than the washed samples. Among unwashed samples it was found that concentration of heavy metals is more in areas of busy traffic or industry density. The levels of lead in all samples were found above the maximum permissible limit recommended by PFA for metals in vegetables. The study concludes that transportation and storage systems during marketing play a significant role in determining the contamination and deposition of heavy metal on vegetable surfaces specially of the leafy variety.
Randomly collected waste water, soil and green leafy vegetable samples were from five stations of Bangalore urban district were analysed for the heavy metals namely Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd and Mn using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Present study explains the extent of heavy metal contamination in two leafy vegetables viz., palak (Beta vulgaris) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum). Results showed that, palak leaves contain Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Mn in all the sampling points. Cr at S1, S2 and S5 stations crossed safe value limit recommended by FAO/WHO. In coriander leaves Cu, Zn and Mn found in all stations. Pb concentration was exceedingly high in palak (28.43ppm to 149.50ppm) and coriander (54.69ppm to 75.50ppm) in all sampling stations. Cd was detected only at two stations in S2 (0.81ppm) and S4 (1.50ppm). Cr was detected at S1, S2 and S3 stations and at S2 station, Cr content in palak (70.79ppm) and coriander (127.27ppm) was alarmingly exceeding the allowable limit. Cytological studies indicated the formation of anaphase bridge, irregular metaphase, chromosome stickiness, precocious chromosome at anaphase and vagrant chromosomes. Soil samples do not revealed any appreciable increase in the concentration of heavy metals and found within the permissible limits but values were higher than control that shows contamination was mainly due to automobile exhaust, pesticides and industrial exhaust. Pb was detected in all the waste water samples and in S1 (<0.05PPM) and S2 (<0.05ppm) traces of Cd was detected. Physico-chemical parameters of waste water were also determined and factors such as pH, EC, TDS and DO found to exceed the drinking and irrigation water standards.
Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2018
The present study was carried out to assess heavy metal concentrations in ready-to-eat vegetables (RTEs) collected from open markets. Samples of RTEs including lettuce, coriander, and carrot were collected from five different local markets of Peshawar, Pakistan including Industrial estate, Board, Agriculture University, Firdos, and Hashtnaghri on four different dates, i.e., 21st March, 04th April, 19th April, and 05th May, 2016. The samples were analyzed through atomic absorption spectrophotometer to see the amount of heavy metals present in them. The elements studied were cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb). Maximum Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb concentrations in samples collected from different markets were 0.68, 5.28, 12.31, 7.61, and 25.04 mg kg, respectively, whereas maximum Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb concentrations in RTEs collected at different dates were 0.59, 4.08, 14.85, 7.23, and 21.97 mg kg, respectively. The mean Cd, Cr, and Pb concentrations excee...
Detection of Heavy Metals in Vegetables Cultivated In Different Locations in Chittagong, Bangladesh
Five types of vegetables (Green arum leaves, jute leaves, water spinach, bottle gourd, wax gourd and sweet gourd) were collected from four different industrial areas (Nasirabad, Agrabad, Vatiary and Chalkbazar) in Chittagong, Bangladesh and analyzed three types of heavy metals viz. Cu, Pb and Cr by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed the concentration of Cu was within permissible limit for all samples. Cu concentration varied 1.23 to 25.04 mg/kg. Cr concentration exceeds the normal range for leafy vegetables as 4.25 mg/kg for jute leaves (Chalkbazar), 3.21 mg/kg for water spinach (Chalkbazar), 2.96 mg/kg for water spinach (Nasirabad) than non leafy vegetables. Samples from vatiary had the Cr concentration within safe limit. The concentration of Pd found in leafy vegetables was too much high. The range of Pb found in all samples was 0.08 mg/kg (sweet gourd) to 2.99 mg/kg (jute leaves) where the guideline concentration of WHO was 30, 2.3 and 0.3 mg/kg for Cu, Cr and Pb respectively. In respect to Pb concentration, the order of locations according to heavy metal was Nasirabad > Agrabad> Chalkbazar> Vatiary. Vegetables from industrial areas were contaminated with heavy metals viz. Cr and Pb which would be health hazardous for consumer.
MONITORING OF TOXIC METALS (CADMIUM, LEAD, ARSENIC AND MERCURY) IN VEGETABLES OF SINDH, PAKISTAN
A monitoring study was carried out with the aim to assess the level of toxic metals i.e., lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in different vegetables grown in Sindh province of Pakistan during 2007-2008. Two hundred ten samples of twenty one vegetables were collected from farmers’ field of Sindh and exporters at Karachi. These samples were grouped into four categories viz., leafy, root and tuberous, cucurbits and fruity. The samples in duplicate were digested with nitric and perchloric acid mixture with 3:1 ratio. Cadmium and Pb were analyzed with Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and As and Hg on Atomic Absorption using Vapor and Hydride Generation Assembly. Average concentration of Cd, Pb, As and Hg in leafy vegetables was found 0.083 μgg-1, 0.05 μgg-1, 0.042 μgg-1 and 0.008 μgg-1 respectively, in roots and tuberous vegetables was 0.057 μgg-1, 0.03 μgg-1, 0.045 μgg-1 & 0.004 μgg-1 respectively, in cucurbit vegetables was 0.021 μgg-1, 0.051 μgg-1, 0.056 μgg-1 and 0.0089 μgg-1 respectively and in fruity vegetables was 0.035 μgg-1, 0.067 μgg-1, 0.054 μgg-1 and 0.007 μgg-1 respectively. In leafy vegetables, the concentration of cadmium, lead and mercury were found comparatively higher than other three groups of vegetables. However, concentration of heavy metals found in the samples of all four categories of vegetables, was within the permissible limits and safe to consume.
The Assessment of Heavy Metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, Cd) in Selected Vegetables in Kota Bharu Kelantan
Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine
Most heavy metals are naturally occurring [1] and some are derived from human activities [2]. Because of the widespread dispersion of these heavy metals in Kelantan's soil [3-8], there is a need to monitor their amounts, particularly in foods. This is due to heavy metals in soil being taken up by crops via transfusion [9]. Heavy metals are biomagnified and bioaccumulated in the bodies of humans and animals who consume heavy metal-contaminated plants [10]. Hence, this study aimed to assess the heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, Cd) in chili, cucumber, round cabbage, and okra. The samples were transported to the Environmental and Occupational Health Laboratory in Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian using a cold box. The samples were cut into small pieces and oven-dried at 60°C-70°C for three days. The dried samples were then crushed into powder and processed using the acid-wet digestion method. Finally, the samples were analysed for the heavy metals' concentration (Pb, Zn, Cu, ...
Analysis of Heavy Metals Content in the Vegetables of Panhera, Parbhani, Maharashtra (India)
Panhera is a village in Parbhani Taluka, Parbhani district of Marathwada region of Maharashtra state. Most of the village farmers from this village are engaged in vegetable cultivation and the village serves as one of the main supplier of vegetables required in the Parbhani market. All the fields and farms of this region are irrigated by the Godavari River water which is highly polluted by urban waste and heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to study the Heavy metal content i.e. Pb, Cd, As and Cu in vegetables irrigated by Godavari River and to evaluate the level of heavy metals by the different vegetables, for this study four farms were selected in the Panhera region. Each farm was situated near the bank of Godavari River. The vegetable samples from four different sites were collected and digested by using tri-acid digestion method. The concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As and Cu)were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer(AAS).Present results were compared ...