Retail Networks as a Place of Purchase – the Example of Large Cities in Poland (original) (raw)
Related papers
4 The transformation of Hungarian retail
Thirty years of retail transformation in V4 countries
Tamás Sikos T. larger European countries. The shopping culture was spread by multinational companies such as the Meinl delicacy, Del-Ka shoe stores (both Austrian), Stühmer chocolate and St. Stephen's candy stores. The Dreher-Haggenmacher brewery has sold its branded products in a number of its own shops or in retail outlets with an exclusive sales contract. The Chamber of Commerce and Industry dealt in depth with the situation of retailers and made noteworthy findings: for several product groups the emergence of cartels and monopolies in the 1930s became a feature. In the milk trade, the captive trade was regulated by a cartel, as was the case for potatoes, firewood, beef, sugar, alcohol, coal and other essential goods. According to the Chamber of Commerce the cartels brought about an increase in the price of basic necessities, which is detrimental to the whole country, not just consumers. During this period, cooperative trade was increasingly present as a significant competitor in the market for each product. The largest and most distinctive cooperative organisation was the Hangya Termelő, Értékesítő és Fogyasztási Szövetkezet [Ant Producing, Selling, and Consuming Cooperative], founded in 1898. Retail cooperatives can be seen as forerunners of retail chains, being the first in England to use self-service (Sikos T. and Hoffmann 2004; Nagy 2005). Their weakness was that membership decision-making did not allow for a greater return of profits to their network development, and therefore they were not really competitors to retail networks. In Hungary, the cooperative movement struggled with similar problems as the English or Swedish ones, and the aggressive compulsion of retail chains to adapt to the changed market conditions remained missing. The potential of Hangya Szövetkezet [Ant Cooperatives] grew rapidly and in 1943 it already benefited from the acquisition by hundreds of millions of pengős. By the end of the Second World War, the capital, together with cooperative shops, had the greatest trade potential in the country in terms of retail trade. By the end of the war, however, much of the commercial channel system had been destroyed. The bombings and direct fighting not only resulted in massive human casualties, but also destroyed residential houses, bridges, rails and, along with them, the infrastructure for trade. With the end of the war, reconstruction also extended to trade. At the end of the war, the retail network also fell under the ruins of the country, especially in larger settlements such as Budapest. The new power was trying to create the conditions for the start of trade, but political motives determined the means. 4.2 From nationalizations to 1989 Accordingly, between 1947 and 1949, the former structure was typical in domestic trade, but by 1950 the liquidation of small shops and the nationalization of larger channels had almost been completed. In the country, wholesale and foreign trade were treated as state monopolies; and in domestic trade, in addition to state ownership, the establishment of cooperatives in the villages began, mainly under the control of SZÖVOSZ. Hungarian trade suffered the harmful effects of centralized management just as much as did all sectors In the 1970s, the 10,000 m 2 Domus Department Store, the 5,500 m 2 Batthyány Square ABC Store, the Flórián Shopping Center in Óbuda, the Skála Cooperative Store, and the Déli Railway Station ABC Store were opened. In the county seats ABCs and home furnishings stores with large floor space were also established. The economic difficulties (1976-1980) also had an impact on the development of retail trade, as the number of public retail stores was lower in 1983 than in (Tab. 4.2). | 78 Tamás Sikos T. However, the rate of retail development in the capital and in rural settlements was unfavorable, i.e. until the Budapest network became more modern, in small settlements nothing happened. Tab. 4.2: Floor space of retail network (m 2) Name 1968 1978 Index (1968=100) Department stores 186 413 222 Grocery stores 1,115 1,708 153 Clothes shops 251 307 122 Chemistry stores 95 102 107 Hardware stores 274 371 150 Cultural goods store 263 396 150 Other specialised stores 52 129 248 General stores 47 485 103
In the following article the author attempts to analyze changes in the domestic trade, and more precisely, the qualitative and quantitative fluctuations in reference to retail shops found in Polish towns in 1995 and in 2003. The towns taken into consideration remained below 20,000 dwellers. Throughout the analysis the author was searching for regularities in the changes of the numbers of retailers as well as for the reasons of those fluctuations in individual towns and in groups of towns classified according to their size. Another aspect taken into consideration was the spatial positioning of the analyzed differences. Accessibility of shops, both in time and space, for town dwellers was also examined in detail. Finally the author offers a prediction of the future development of the domestic trade, a significant elements of the national economy.
In the last 20 years of transformation, the Czech retail business underwent fundamental changes in its territorial and organisational structure and in numerous cases refl ects the model of retail trade transformation within the Central European region. After a long period of time of the development of the so-called socialist trading, the countries in the region were affected, with unprecedented intensity, by new, hitherto unknown forms of retailing within the expansion of foreign retail chains to their markets. Such changes took very marked effect in the urban structure of the landscape in these countries, for example in the Czech Republic. The following paper captures the basic extent of transformation of the Czech retail business and its refl ection in the urban environment.
Directions of Changes in Poland’s Retail Trade
Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists, 2020
The aim of the research was to present changes taking place in retail trade in Poland after economic transformation. The diversity of retail sales forms was presented. Five stages of transformation of this sector were isolated. The directions of changes as well as the perspectives for the development of retail trade were indicated. The period under study was the years 1990-2018. This article was prepared mainly on the basis of literature and data obtained from the GUS (Eng. Central Statistical Office) and studies of the former Instytut Badań Rynku, Konsumpcji i Koniunktur (Eng. Institute for Market Research, Consumption and Business Cycles) in Warsaw. During the period under study, retail trade developed in Poland; both in terms of quantity and quality, in addition to a change in the structure of stores. Ensuing changes positively influenced the development of this sector, which, due to increasing demands of consumers, high competition, changes in legal regulations and technological...
Discount stores in a large city – the “biedronkisation” of the urban space – the case of Warsa
Urban Development Issues, 2018
Intensive development of discount store chains has been noticeable in Poland over the last couple of years. This phenomenon is also present in the largest cities, in which – at least in the beginning – investors representing this type of shopping chain were not interested. This article presents research results on the “Biedronka” chain of discount shops in Warsaw. Particular emphasis has been placed on the location of the individual shops in relation to the city centre, and on the specific characteristics of the locations in which the shops have been established (type of building, former function).
Miscellanea Geographica, 2006
The paper deals with an analysis the growing presence of international retail enterprises in the Central European countries of the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. Results of the research show that there are differences between the Polish market and the remaining two. The differences are in the scale of investments, the investors’ geographic origin, the number of stores within the network of the so called modern distribution channels (hyper- and supermarkets and discount stores). The diversity of location strategies used by Western European retail enterprises in the Central European markets is also shown, beginning with the methods of entering new markets (organic growth, acquisition of existing chains, franchising) and ending on the degree of concentration of retail stores in the largest cities of the three countries.
Winners and losers in the transformation of city centre retailing in East Central Europe
European Urban and Regional Studies, 2001
In the 1990s, retail networks were transformed dramatically in East Central European countries.This paper focuses on the transition of the inner spaces of Czech and Hungarian cities that has been accelerated by large-scale retail investments that formed new foci for retailing, differentiated city centre shopping facilities and changed the frequency, direction and length of shopping trips. In this way, new dimensions of social inequality emerged within cities.The differentiation process rests on the capacity for adaptation to changes in the retail network and shopping behaviour, which correlates strongly with the social status of shoppers.The changes are also put in the context of urban/regional planning which, to date, has not articulated adequate answers to emerging social and land use conflicts. KEY WORDS 5 East Central European consumerism 5 social differentiation 5 urban space
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering, 2021
The article explores the issue of the function of shopping centres, in particular the analysis of the impact of their presence on society and the local development of cities and regions. Regarding the empirical aspect, the examples of Poznań (Poland) and Varna (Bulgaria) will be presented. As a result of similar socio‐economic conditions and joining the European Union at almost the same moment, all comparative studies reflecting preferences and market reactions seem both viable and interesting. In addition, the two cities chosen for the studies occupy a similar place in the hierarchy of the settlement network in their countries. They are large, well‐developed centres that attract the attention of investors from various segments of the real estate market. The research is part of the modelling of preferences of shopping centre customers areas, which in particular supports the investment decisions of developers operating in the analysed real estate market, and at the same time permits ...
Changes in the retail sector in Budapest, 1989-2017
Regional Statistics, 2019
The retail network of in the Hungarian capital has gone through a significant change in the last 30 years. This fundamental change can be explained partly by global processes and is, to some extent, the result of the unique Hungarian or Central European situation – that is, conditions of the Socialist era that were affected by contemporary European tendencies, but the system still had its own peculiarities – and of the regime change. The changes in the last four decades have significantly altered the retail sector in Budapest and the shopping habits of its inhabitants. Quality of life has also fundamentally changed, as have living standards. In addition to the spread of mobilisation, new satellite technologies have brought considerable changes in the field of trade as well. Today, the question is not how close we are to the developed world but how fast we can gain access to suitable services and basic supplies and how these supply chains are organised. In our globalised world, a new form of harmony must be created between globality and locality.