Witnessing Macroscopic Entanglement In a Staggered Magnetic Field (original) (raw)
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Quantum entanglement dynamics and decoherence wave in spin chains at finite temperatures
Physical Review A, 2005
We analyze the quantum entanglement at the equilibrium in a class of exactly solvable onedimensional spin models at finite temperatures and identify a region where the quantum fluctuations determine the behavior of the system. We probe the response of the system in this region by studying the spin dynamics after projective measurement of one local spin which leads to the appearance of the "decoherence wave". We investigate time-dependent spin correlation functions, the entanglement dynamics, and the fidelity of the quantum information transfer after the measurement.
Physical Review A, 2014
Typically two particles (spins) could be maximally entangled at zero temperature, and for a certain temperature the phenomenon of entanglement vanishes at the threshold temperature. For the Heisenberg coupled model or even the Ising model with a transverse magnetic field, one can observe some rise of entanglement even for a disentangled region at zero temperature. So we can understand this emergence of entanglement at finite temperature as being due to the mixing of some maximally entangled states with some other untangled states. Here, we present a simple one-dimensional Ising model with alternating Ising and Heisenberg spins in an arbitrarily oriented magnetic field, which can be mapped onto the classical Ising model with a magnetic field. This model does not show any evidence of entanglement at zero temperature, but surprisingly at finite temperature rise a pairwise thermal entanglement between two untangled spins at zero temperature, when an arbitrarily oriented magnetic field is applied. This effect is a purely magnetic field ,and the temperature dependence, as soon as the temperature increases, causes a small increase in concurrence achieving its maximum at around 0.1. Even for long-range entanglement, a weak concurrence still survives. There are also some real materials that could serve as candidates that would exhibit this effect, such as Dy(NO3)(DMSO)2Cu(opba)(DMSO)2[1].
Magnetic entanglement in spin-1/2 XY chains
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2016
In the study of entanglement in a spin chain, people often consider the nearest-neighbor spins. The motivation is the prevailing role of the short range interactions in creating quantum correlation between the 1st neighbor (1N) spins. Here, we address the same question between farther neighbor spins. We consider the one-dimensional (1D) spin-1/2 XY model in a magnetic field. Using the fermionization approach, we diagonalize the Hamiltonian of the system. Then, we provide the analytical results for entanglement between the 2nd, 3rd and 4th neighbor (denoted as 2N, 3N, and 4N respectively) spins. We find a magnetic entanglement that starts from a critical entangled-field (h E c) at zero temperature. The critical entangled-field depends on the distance between the spins. In addition to the analytical results, the mentioned phenomenon is confirmed by the numerical Lanczos calculations. By adding the temperature to the model, the magnetic entanglement remains stable up to a critical temperature, Tc. Our results show that entanglement spreads step by step to farther neighbors in the spin chain by reducing temperature. At first, the 1N spins are entangled and then further neighbors will be entangled respectively. Tc depends on the value of the magnetic field and will be maximized at the quantum critical field.
Experimental observation of quantum entanglement in low-dimensional spin systems
Physical Review B, 2007
We report macroscopic magnetic measurements carried out in order to detect and characterize field-induced quantum entanglement in low dimensional spin systems. We analyze the pyroborate MgMnB2O5 and the and the warwickite MgTiOBO3, systems with spin 5/2 and 1/2 respectively. By using the magnetic susceptibility as an entanglement witness we are able to quantify entanglement as a function of temperature and magnetic field. In addition, we experimentally distinguish for the first time a random singlet phase from a Griffiths phase. This analysis opens the possibility of a more detailed characterization of low dimensional materials.
Fourier-space entanglement of spin chains
2016
Entanglement between different regions in momentum space is studied for ground states of some spin-chain Hamiltonians: the XY model, the Ising model in a transverse field (ITF) and the XXZ models. In the XY and ITF cases, entanglement only takes place between states with opposite momenta. Thus, an anisotropy in the interaction induces entanglement in the momentum pairs. In the ITF case, the ferromagnetic phase is characterized by a total entropy between left- and right-moving modes which is independent on the external field. This result characterizes the Ising phase transition in momentum space. In the critical XXZ case, we provide evidence that the maximal entropy between energy modes around the Fermi point grows logarithmically with the system size, with a prefactor which depends on the compactification radius. The slow growth of the entanglement in Fourier space with the system size provides an explanation for the success of the renormalization techniques in momentum space.
Physical Review A, 2012
We study the magnetic field dependence of the entanglement entropy in quantum phase transition induced by a quench of the XX, XXX and the LMG model. The entropy for a block of L spins with the rest follows a logarithmic scaling law where the block size L is restricted due to the dependence of the prefactor on the quench time. Within this restricted region the entropy undergoes a renormalization group (RG) flow. From the RG flow equation we have analytically determined the magnetic field dependence of the entropy.
Studying Quantum Spin Systems through Entanglement Estimators
Physical Review Letters, 2004
We study the field dependence of the entanglement of formation in anisotropic S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic chains displaying a T = 0 field-driven quantum phase transition. The analysis is carried out via Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. At zero temperature the entanglement estimators show abrupt changes at and around criticality, vanishing below the critical field, in correspondence with an exactly factorized state, and then immediately recovering a finite value upon passing through the quantum phase transition. At the quantum critical point, a deep minimum in the pairwise-toglobal entanglement ratio shows that multi-spin entanglement is strongly enhanced; moreover this signature represents a novel way of detecting the quantum phase transition of the system, relying entirely on entanglement estimators.
Global geometric entanglement in transverse-field XY spin chains: finite and infinite systems
Quantum Information & Computation, 2011
The entanglement in quantum XY spin chains of arbitrary length is investigated via the geometric measure of entanglement. The emergence of entanglement is explained intuitively from the perspective of perturbations. The model is solved exactly and the energy spectrum is determined and analyzed in particular for the lowest two levels for both finite and infinite systems. The overlaps for these two levels are calculated analytically for arbitrary number of spins. The entanglement is hence obtained by maximizing over a single parameter. The corresponding ground-state entanglement surface is then determined over the entire phase diagram, and its behavior can be used to delineate the boundaries in the phase diagram. For example, the field-derivative of the entanglement becomes singular along the critical line. The form of the divergence is derived analytically and it turns out to be dictated by the universality class controlling the quantum phase transition. The behavior of the entanglement near criticality can be understood via a scaling hypothesis, analogous to that for free energies. The entanglement density vanishes along the so-called disorder line in the phase diagram, the ground space is doubly degenerate and spanned by two product states. The entanglement for the superposition of the lowest two states is also calculated. The exact value of the entanglement depends on the specific form of superposition. However, in the thermodynamic limit the entanglement density turns out to be independent of the superposition. This proves that the entanglement density is insensitive to whether the ground state is chosen to be the spontaneously Z 2 symmetry broken one or not. The finite-size scaling of entanglement at critical points is also investigated from two different view points. First, the maximum in the field-derivative of the entanglement density is computed and fitted to a logarithmic dependence of the system size, thereby deducing the correlation length exponent for the Ising class using only the behavior of entanglement. Second, the entanglement density itself is shown to possess a correction term inversely proportional to the system size, with the coefficient being universal (but with different values for the ground state and the first excited state, respectively).
Entanglement Entropy of One-dimensional Gapped Spin Chains
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2007
We investigate the entanglement entropy (EE) of gapped S = 1 and S = 1/2 spin chains with dimerization. We find that the effective boundary degrees of freedom as edge states contribute significantly to the EE. For the S = 1/2 dimerized Heisenberg chain, the EE of the sufficiently long chain is essentially explained by the localized S = 1/2 effective spins on the boundaries. As for S = 1, the effective spins are also S = 1/2 causing a Kennedy triplet that yields a lower bound for the EE. In this case, the residual entanglement reduces substantially by a continuous deformation of the Heisenberg model to that of the AKLT Hamiltonian.