Background theory of twilight in Isya and Subh Prayer Times (original) (raw)
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This paper attempts to uncover the background theory of twilight. It has a direct association with Islamic prayer times i.e. c Ishā" and Ṣubḥ whereby shafaq (afterglow or remnant of sunset at certain degree) and fajr (first light before sunrise) both are astronomical phenomena part of twilight stage respectively. The recital of prayer times or ṣalāt within its time set by Islamic law code should be a main solicitude for all Muslims. The definitions of the times of prayer were outlined in al-Qur'ān and al-Ḥadīth (prophetic statement). Those outlined prayer times were interpreted by fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) which has numbers of school of thought (madhhāb), consequently it affect the parameter on establishing the beginnings and the endings of c Ishā" and Ṣubḥ. The set parameter is then understands by delving background of twilight scientifically.
Astronomical Determinations for the Beginning Prayer Time of Isha
2012
2 Abstract: According to fiqh, muslim prayer time of Isha' begins when shafaq ýphenomenon disappears at dusk. This research implements astronomical determinations to study the phenomenon and result the empirical descriptions. The observation was conducted at Tanjung Aru, Sabah, East Malaysia. Based on suitability, the disappearance of shafaq al-abyad is applied for Malaysia locality condition. The research has employed SQM- LE meter to col lect sky brightness data. According to the results, the sky brightness magnitude for the disappearance of shafaq al-abyad is obtained averagely at 20.79 ± 0.36 mag/arcsec with mean solar depression 2 angle at 107.99° ± 0.16°. The results are considered to be still consistent with the theoretical value of 108° which marks the beginning of night time and the disappearance of daylight.
In this paper, the determination of Islamic prayer time using scientific method has been extensively investigated. We focused on optical sky brightness at dusk from May 2007 through April 2008 intermittently. The measurements of twilight sky brightness were covered at two (2) different sites covering East and West coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Based on Islamic law code's requirement, the measurements were done using human eye and electronic device (Sky Quality Meter) as the detectors which is Sunnah (qualitative) and scientific (quantitative) approaches respectively. Results showed that there are clear indications of changes of the receipt of light when Sun at certain degree below horizon that manifest itself by plateau form in twilight sky brightness dependences versus solar zenith angle. Interestingly, statistical analysis is also showed 1-2 minutes of differences compare with theoretical calculation of each data. It is also clarified that the yearly averages of solar depression by observation are best correlated within the range of 17.3 o -19.5 o for Isha'.
The Implication of Sky Quality Meter Technology in Observing the Dawn To Determine Subh Prayer Time
2020
The Subh time specified in the prayer schedule has been considered as early as 20 to 30 minutes, whereas prayer must be done on time. This study aims to verify the phenomenon of dawn shadiq (astronomical twilight) as a mark of dawn time. The research was carried out by observation method using Sky Quality Meter technology and the results will be analyzed with the approach of ushul fiqh science, astronomy, and mathematics. The approach to the science of ushul fiqh is to analyze the normative aspects, the approach of astronomy is to analyze the phenomenon of dawn, and the approach of mathematics to analyze the results of dawn observations with Sky Quality Meter. The results of the study showed that at dawn Shadiq can be observed factually at a depression angle of 15 ° to 18 ° below the equivalent horizon of 60 to 72 minutes before sunrise. The magnitude of the depression angle is different from the determination of the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia and Islamic Organizations that is equal to 20 ° below the horizon equivalent to 80 minutes before sunrise. The implication of the findings of this study is the shift of dawn time, imsak time and the start time of fasting 8 to 20 minutes from the time specified in the prayer time schedule.
THE DAWN SKY BRIGHTNESS OBSERVATIONS IN THE PRELIMINARY SHUBUH PRAYER TIME DETERMINATION
2018
The indication of began to enter the shubuh prayer time is when emerge the morning dawn and lasted until the sun rises. The sun position when emerge the morning dawn is below the intrinsic horizon marked with a minus sign (-) with the value of a certain height. The Ministry of Religious Affairs has set the sun altitudes of dawn in the shubuh prayer time with minus (-) 19° + sunrise/sunset altitudes as standard is the reference time of dawn prayers in Indonesia. However, this provision in fact reap discourse in some quarters because it is not in accordance with the phenomenon of morning dawn emergence at the beginning of the shubuh prayer time empirically. This study aims to decide the morning dawn, as the beginning of dawn determinant. The tool used in this study is the Sky Quality Meter (SQM), to detecting the morning dawn emergence as a sign of the beginning of the shubuh prayer time. The results of this study found that the brightness of the sky throughout
By Noon Prayer: The Rhythm of Islam
The Book By Noon Prayer introduces an innovative theory of time and space in Islam. It is a groundbreaking anthropological analysis of Islam as experienced by Muslims. By Noon Prayer builds a conceptual model of Islam as a whole, while traveling along a comparative path of biblical, Egyptological, ethnographic, poetic, scriptural and visual materials. Grounded in long=term observation of Arabo-Islamic culture and society, the study captures the rhythm of Islam weaving through the lives of Muslim women and men. Examples of the rhythmic nature of Islam can be seen in all aspects of Muslims' everyday lives. Muslims break their Ramadan fast upon the sun setting, and they receive Ramadan by sighting the new moon. Prayer for their dead is by noon and burial is before sunset. This is space and time in Islam - moon, sun, dawn and sunset are all part of a unique and unified rhythm, interweaving the sacred and the ordinary, nature and culture in a pattern that is characteristically Islamic
Towards the Compilation of the Global Twilight Pattern
Ulum Islamiyyah
This paper summarizes ISRN’s 3-years research on the occurrence of dawn and dusk to mark the timings of the Fajr and Isha prayers. We acquired the astronomical data not only in Indonesia but also in Malaysia, the US, Egypt, and Turkey. It will be an attempt to compile a global twilight pattern in the future. The main instrument used is a Sky Quality Meter (SQM) that records the sky brightness data. For quality assurance, ISRN-UHAMKA employed dozens of imaging sensors ranging from an All Sky Camera, different types of DSLR, and gadget cameras. From hundreds of astronomical data, we have collected; it seems that the occurrence of the real twilight to mark the Fajr prayer throughout the world is the same. That is when the sun is at its depression angle of around 120-130. Likewise, the dusk to mark the end of the Maghrib prayer also occurs when the sun is at a solar depression angle around 120-130. Meanwhile, Muslims in the world use different solar depression angles ranging from -150 t...
Astronomical Improve Model of Prayer Timing with Error Analysis
Islam is a religion that teaches us the several ways to praise the uncountable kindness of Allah Almighty offering Salaat (Prayer) on time is one of them. The knowledge of starting and ending times have the fundamentals importance to the Muslims, As it is farz (obligatory) for Muslims to offer five times Salaat a day which are Fajr, Zuhar, Aser, Maghrib and Esha. In this research, the astronomical improve mathematical models of Salaat timing are developed in line with the major school of thought of Islamic jurisprudence. The tracking of a true Sun, for calculating the hour angles on elliptic at five different places and developing the models of Zuhar and Aser Salaat timing according to Shafi and Hanfi school of thought are the key objectives of this research. There are various astronomical measures like Astronomical Islamic twilight (AIT), Depression angle, Declination of sun and Equation of time are used in this study to construct the models. Finally, validation of model with avail...
The Application of Sky Quality Meter at Twilight for Islamic Prayer Time
ijapm.org
The aim of this study is to detect elusive light that indicate the prayer time (Isha'). Therefore, we focused on optical sky brightness at dusk from May 2007 through April 2008 intermittently. The measurements of twilight sky brightness were covered at one (1) site covering; West coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The measurements were done by applying Sky Quality Meter (SQM) which covered between 400-700 nm in accordance of human eyes and SQM range. Results showed that there are clear indications of light changes when Sun at certain degree below horizon that visible by plateau form in twilight sky brightness dependences versus solar zenith angle. It is clarified that the yearly averages of solar depression by observation are best correlated within the range of 17.3o -19.5o for Isha'. Index Terms-Twilight; prayer time; sky quality meter.