Individualized Dietary Supplements Enriched with Microbial Propionic Acid for Athletes and the Elderly with Benefits on Gut Microbiota (original) (raw)
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Health-promoting Effects of Developed Probiotic Orange Beverage: An in vitro Study
Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research, 2021
Background: Probiotic food has evolved as the new trend among the health fanatics because of their proven benefits in preventing many diseases. W ith change in time the way of consuming probiotics has also changed. Unlike past dairy is not the only option for commercial probiotic production, recently fruit juices have become the popular choice for it. So the current study aimed to assess the feasibility of orange juice (Citrus reticulate) as a potential probiotic carrier for the production of probiotic orange juice with lactic acid bacteria. Methods: Three test samples (TS) were developed with different combination of lactic acid probiotic bacteria viz. test sample 1 (TS1) (L. bulgaricus and L. casei), TS2 (L. bulgaricus, L. casei and L. gasseri) and TS3 (L. bulgaricus, L. casei, L. gasseri and L. fermentum). The orange juice was pasteurized for 2 min at 90C and was inoculated at a rate of 10% inoculum. All the test samples were fermented for 4 hrs at 37C and the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics were evaluated along with their in vitro hypocholesterolemic and in vitro hypoglycemic efficacies. Result: The probiotic orange test samples did not show inferior properties than the control in terms of physicochemical and nutritional properties. The bacterial count was decreased with time but remained above standard limit (10 7 cfu/100ml) until 28 th day of refrigerated storage. All the test samples showed promising antioxidant activity, in vitro hypocholesterolemic activity and in vitro hypoglycemic activities. Hence orange juice could be used as a suitable probiotic carrier for production of novel probiotic beverages.
Effect of Probiotics Supplementations on Health Status of Athletes
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019
Athletes are prone to several health complications, including upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, and gastrointestinal discomforts during practice and after the performance due to the intense exercise, travel, insufficient rest and restricted food consumption. Probiotics are well known as complementary therapeutic and health supplements for several diseases and disorders. Studies suggest that the intervention of probiotics improved the health status of elite athletes, but the results are not consistent in all the studies. The beneficial effect of probiotic supplementation profoundly relies on species or strain, dose, duration, form, and host physiology. The manuscript summarizes the effect of probiotic supplementation on health status of athletes. The literature was collected from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using the search term "probiotic and athletes". As per the literature survey, probiotic supplementation improved the intestinal permeability, immune system, intestinal microbiota, inflammatory system, reduced the severity and incidence of respiratory tract infections, and duration of gastrointestinal symptoms. Several studies were conducted on Lactobacillus species and the outcomes were found to be species-or strain-specific. More studies are required to know the detailed mechanism behind the beneficial effect of probiotic intervention in athletes. Further studies are desired on formulation and optimization of probiotic supplements to develop generalized and personalized sports supplements to boost the overall health and enactment of elite athletes.
PREBIOTICS FORTIFIED WITH FRUIT JUICES-A GOOD CARRIER FOR PROBIOTICS
The need of the hour is to develop a beverage with health benefits beyond their nutritional value. In wider context beverages that are, or are perceived to be, " better for you " , i.e. functional and fortified. The study was conducted to develop a probiotic millet milk beverage fortified with different blends of pineapple juice using following ratios (Millet milk: Pineapple Juice) 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50. Proximate composition revealed that the moisture content in the end product was 90.6± 0.3% to 98.2 ± 0.3 % whereas protein ranged from 1.617 ± 0.001 % to 1.365 ± 0.001 %, fat 0.077 ± 0.001 % to 0.278 ± 0.01 %, crude fiber 1.06 ± 0.001 % to 1.00, ash content 0.268 ± 0.005 % to 0.465 ± 0.001 % and non reducing sugar 0.48±0.10 % to 0.9±0.05% in different blends. The pH ranges from3.55±0.3 to 4.06±0.4 and total viable count 1.04x10 8 cfu/ml to 2.78x10 8 among all blends. The blends T3,T4 and T5 were selected as the most preferred treatments among all blends based on nutritional as well as sensory point of view and could be stored at a minimum period of 30 days at 4°C, without any significant changes in quality. Summarily, results suggested that potentially symbiotic beverage presents suitable physicochemical parameters and supports the growth of LAB as it contains cell viability above the minimum recommended for a probiotic product (6 Log10 cfu/ml based on a daily dose of 100 ml).
International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2019
Position statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review of the mechanisms and use of probiotic supplementation to optimize the health, performance, and recovery of athletes. Based on the current available literature, the conclusions of the ISSN are as follows: 1) Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host (FAO/WHO). 2) Probiotic administration has been linked to a multitude of health benefits, with gut and immune health being the most researched applications. 3) Despite the existence of shared, core mechanisms for probiotic function, health benefits of probiotics are strain-and dose-dependent. 4) Athletes have varying gut microbiota compositions that appear to reflect the activity level of the host in comparison to sedentary people, with the differences linked primarily to the volume of exercise and amount of protein consumption. Whether differences in gut microbiota composition affect probiotic efficacy is unknown. 5) The main function of the gut is to digest food and absorb nutrients. In athletic populations, certain probiotics strains can increase absorption of key nutrients such as amino acids from protein, and affect the pharmacology and physiological properties of multiple food components. 6) Immune depression in athletes worsens with excessive training load, psychological stress, disturbed sleep, and environmental extremes, all of which can contribute to an increased risk of respiratory tract infections. In certain situations, including exposure to crowds, foreign travel and poor hygiene at home, and training or competition venues, athletes' exposure to pathogens may be elevated leading to increased rates of infections. Approximately 70% of the immune system is located in the gut and probiotic supplementation has been shown to promote a healthy immune response. In an athletic population, specific probiotic strains can reduce the number of episodes, severity and duration of upper respiratory tract infections.
Fruit and vegetable juices tested as possible probiotic beverage
2010
The consumption of foods and beverages containing functional microorganisms is a growing, global consumer trend (1). Fruit juice has been suggested as a novel, yet appropriate medium for fortification with probiotic cultures because it is already positioned as a healthy food product, and it is consumed frequently and loyally by a large percentage of the consumer population (2). According to FAO/WHO probiotics are defined as “Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host” (3). Most probiotic microorganisms are lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genera Lactobacillus as well as Bif idobacteria, however other kind of microorganisms are used as probiotics, such as Enterococcus faecalis, Lactococcus lactis, Saccharomyces boulardii (4). The concept of functional foods includes foods or food ingredients that exert beneficial effects on host health and/or reduce the risk of chronic diseases beyond basic nutritional functions (5). Succe...
Nutrition Journal, 2011
Background: Probiotics purportedly reduce symptoms of gastrointestinal and upper respiratory-tract illness by modulating commensal microflora. Preventing and reducing symptoms of respiratory and gastrointestinal illness are the primary reason that dietary supplementation with probiotics are becoming increasingly popular with healthy active individuals. There is a paucity of data regarding the effectiveness of probiotics in this cohort. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a probiotic on faecal microbiology, self-reported illness symptoms and immunity in healthy well trained individuals. Methods: Competitive cyclists (64 males and 35 females; age 35 ± 9 and 36 ± 9 y, VO 2 max 56 ± 6 and 52 ± 6 ml. kg -1 .min -1 , mean ± SD) were randomised to either probiotic (minimum 1 × 10 9 Lactobacillus fermentum (PCC ® ) per day) or placebo treatment for 11 weeks in a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. The outcome measures were faecal L. fermentum counts, self-reported symptoms of illness and serum cytokines. Results: Lactobacillus numbers increased 7.7-fold (90% confidence limits 2.1-to 28-fold) more in males on the probiotic, while there was an unclear 2.2-fold (0.2-to 18-fold) increase in females taking the probiotic. The number and duration of mild gastrointestinal symptoms were~2-fold greater in the probiotic group. However, there was a substantial 0.7 (0.2 to 1.2) of a scale step reduction in the severity of gastrointestinal illness at the mean training load in males, which became more pronounced as training load increased. The load (duration×severity) of lower respiratory illness symptoms was less by a factor of 0.31 (99%CI; 0.07 to 0.96) in males taking the probiotic compared with placebo but increased by a factor of 2.2 (0.41 to 27) in females. Differences in use of cold and flu medication mirrored these symptoms. The observed effects on URTI had too much uncertainty for a decisive outcome. There were clear reductions in the magnitude of acute exerciseinduced changes in some cytokines.
Food Research International, 2016
The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of fresh orange juice (FOJ) and pasteurized orange juice (POJ) on gut microbiota using the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) in a longterm experiment. SHIME® vessels were used to investigate orange juice fermentation throughout the colon and to assess changes in microbial composition and fermentation metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, or-SCFA, and ammonium). Antioxidant activity of the SHIME® vessels and juice was also evaluated. The FOJ increased (p ≤ 0.05) Lactobacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and Clostridium spp. and reduced (p ≤ 0.05) enterobacteria. The POJ increased (p ≤ 0.05) Lactobacillus spp. and reduced (p ≤ 0.05) enterobacteria. The PCR-DGGE analysis showed a reduction in total bacteria population richness values. The FOJ and POJ increased (p ≤ 0.05) butyric, acetic, and propionic acid concentrations, whereas ammonium production was reduced. High values of antioxidant activity were observed as a result of the FOJ and POJ treatments. Principal component analysis indicated that both POJ and FOJ juices had a positive influence on gut microbiota. The FOJ and POJ were found to exhibit selective prebiotic activity, particularly in terms of gut microbiota. This finding is in agreement with increases in both SCFAs and commensal bacteria, as well as with decreases in ammonium levels, though total bacteria richness values were reduced.
Probiotics supplementation for athletes – Clinical and physiological effects
European Journal of Sport Science, 2014
Probiotic supplementation has traditionally focused on gut health. However, in recent years, the clinical applications of probiotics have broadened to allergic, metabolic, inflammatory, gastrointestinal and respiratory conditions. Gastrointestinal health is important for regulating adaptation to exercise and physical activity. Symptoms such as nausea, bloating, cramping, pain, diarrhoea and bleeding occur in some athletes, particularly during prolonged exhaustive events. Several studies conducted since 2006 examining probiotic supplementation in athletes or highly active individuals indicate modest clinical benefits in terms of reduced frequency, severity and/or duration of respiratory and gastrointestinal illness. The likely mechanisms of action for probiotics include direct interaction with the gut microbiota, interaction with the mucosal immune system and immune signalling to a variety of organs and systems. Practical issues to consider include medical and dietary screening of athletes, sourcing of recommended probiotics and formulations, dose-response requirements for different probiotic strains, storage, handling and transport of supplements and timing of supplementation in relation to travel and competition.