Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed; Patterns of Endoscopic Findings in Patients in Lahore General Hospital, Lahore (original) (raw)
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Endoscopic Findings in Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Ogun State, Nigeria
Cureus, 2022
Introduction Although the global incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) appears to have reduced substantially in the past few decades, acute UGIB still carries significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are currently no published data on UGIB in Ogun State, Nigeria. This study examined the endoscopic findings in patients with UGIB in Ogun State. Methodology The study was a retrospective cross-sectional survey of patients with UGIB who had upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at three endoscopy centers in Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria, from January 2015 to December 2021. Patients' data, which included age, gender, and endoscopic findings, were extracted from the endoscopy registers into a spreadsheet and analyzed statistically. Summary statistics included means ± standard deviation for continuous variables and frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. Categorical variables were compared for differences by chi-square test or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. The statistical significance cutoff was p-value <0.05. Results A total of 171 had endoscopy for UGIB during the period under review but 168 had complete data. Out of the 168, 113 (67.3%) were males, giving a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. The mean age of the patients was 52.4 ± 18.1 years, with an age range of 7-85 years. The modal age group was ≥60 years (75; 39.9%). The most common endoscopic finding was peptic ulcer disease (77; 45.8%), followed by esophagogastric varices (27; 16.1%), erosive mucosal disease (25; 14.9 %), portal hypertensive gastropathy (15; 8.9%), suspected malignancies (11; 6.6%), hemorrhagic gastritis (7; 4.2%), gastric antral vascular ectasia (2; 1.2%), and Mallory-Weiss tear (1; 0.6%), respectively. Forty-four patients (26.2%) had no lesion that could explain UGIB. Conclusion Peptic ulcer disease was the most common cause of UGIB among our patient population, and the elderly male patients were the most affected.
The Professional Medical Journal
Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed (UGIB) is a globally prevalent medicalemergency and is a major cause of mortality. It may manifest as Hematemesis, Melena orHemetochezia. The most common causes of UGIB are Esophageal Varices (EV) and PepticUlcer Disease (PUD). Upper GI endoscopy (EGD) is the preferred procedure for investigation.Objectives: This study was carried out to identify patterns of endoscopic findings in patientswith UGIB and its frequency according to age, gender and symptoms in our setup. StudyDesign: It was a single centered retrospective analysis. Setting: Endoscopy floor of LahoreGeneral Hospital, Lahore for evaluation of Upper GI Bleed. Period: January 2010 to December2013. Material & Methods: 3910 patients were brought to the GI Endoscopy. Data wascollected from the endoscopy records on demographics (age and gender) and history of UGIB.The endoscopic findings were then evaluated. Results: 58.3% were male and 41.7% werefemale; male to female ratio was (1.4:1). The m...
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2020
BACKGROUND Upper Gastro-Intestinal Bleeding (UGIB) is one of the common complaints with which patients present to casualty. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aetiological spectrum of UGIB is variable in different geographical regions. Our study aimed to analyse the aetiology, endoscopic profile, mortality, Rockall score and predictors of mortality in patients with UGIB, in North East India. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at Assam Medical College and Hospital in North East India. We enrolled patients with age 12 years and above, who were admitted between July 2019 and January 2020 with a history suggestive of UGIB. Demographic data of the patients was collected, after which they underwent clinical examination, and upper GI endoscopy. Mean ± standard deviation was used to express continuous variables. Frequency and percentage were used to express categorical variables. Test of significance for qualitative data was assessed by Chisquare test (for 2 x 2 tables). P value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. RESULTS We analysed 117 patients diagnosed with UGIB [80.34 % male, 19.60 % female], ratio of male to female of [4.08:1] was seen. The most common symptom was melena 87 patients (74.15 %), endoscopy finding showed that 48.71 % had oesophageal and / or gastric varices, 26.49 % had peptic ulcers, 17.94 % had gastric erosions / duodenal erosions / erosive gastritis, 1.7 % had Mallory-Weiss tear, 1.7 % had gastric malignancy, 1.7 % had GJ stoma bleed, 1.7 % had both oesophageal varices and peptic ulcer disease. Partial gastric outlet obstruction was observed in peptic ulcer disease in 2 patients (6.45 % of total peptic ulcer disease patients). 73.75 % patients had Rockall score < 5 and 26.49 % patients had Rockall score > 6. H. pylori infection (assessed by RUT) was an independent predictor of upper GI bleed in both variceal and non-variceal bleed [p < 0.001]. The mortality in our study was 7.69 %. Predictors of mortality in the study population were, patients with variceal bleed [p = < 0.001], Rockall score > 6 [p = 0.013], and chronic liver disease [p < 0.001]. The average duration of hospital admission of the study population is about 4.6 + /-0.4 days. CONCLUSIONS The study reported oesophageal varices was the most common cause of UGIB, followed by peptic ulcer in North East India. H. pylori was an independent predictor of both variceal and non-variceal bleed. Partial gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) was one of the common benign complication of peptic ulcer disease. Variceal bleed, Rockall score > 6, chronic liver disease were predictors of mortality.
Endoscopic findings in upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients at Tehran’s Taleghani Hospital, Iran
2016
Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) remains a common medical problem worldwide and emergency medical condition that may require hospitalization. UGIB also increase the risk of morbidity, mortality and needs a health care resource use. To determine the endoscopic findings in patients with UGIB and its frequency among these patients according to age in Tehran’s Taleghani Hospital is the aim of this study. Materials and Methods: The medical records and endoscopy report of 990 patients were retrospectively analyzed, who underwent endoscopy for UGIB in Tehran’s Taleghani Hospital over a period of 2 years in 2010 to 2012. Results: A total of 990 patients had endoscopy for UGIB which consisted of 594 (60%) males and 396(40%) females. And mean age was 54 years ± 17.2 SD. The commonest cause of UGIB was peptic ulcer disease consisting of 52.2% that includes; duodenal ulcer (26.4%) and gastric ulcer with (19.1%), and then followed by esophageal and gastric varices (19.5%). The ...
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding; Endoscopic Findings in Patients
THE PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL, 2017
… Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common medical condition requiring mostly hospitalization and resuscitation. Patients with upper GI bleeding have high morbidity. The investigation of choice in upper GI bleeding is upper GI endoscopy, because endoscopy has good, the complication rate with endoscopy are low, another advantage of using endoscopy is therapeutic interventions as well. The causes of upper GI bleeding are numerous most frequent causes being in decreasing order of frequency peptic ulcer, esophageal varices, mallory-weis tears. Other causes include tumors, erosions and arterio-venous malformations. 3 Objectives: To determine the endoscopic findings in patients presenting with UGIB and frequency of various findings among these patients according to gender and age in medical ward of Allied Hospital Faisalabad. Study Design: Retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Setting: Medical Unit 2 of Allied Hospital Faisalabad. Period: 06 month between January 2015 to June 2015. Methods: The record of 120 patients who underwent endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Results: Data was collected and entered on SPSS. Statistical data analysis was performed with chi-square. Statistical significance was determined at P< 0.05. Information obtained from upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were then recorded according to age, gender and presented in form of tables. Conclusions: It has been found that esophageal varices was the most commonest cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the study probably due to the high prevalence of hepatitis infection and chronic liver disease in our population.
Research Square (Research Square), 2022
Background and objective: Bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the common medical emergencies. In this study, we assessed patients' socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and the association of clinical characteristics with treatment outcomes among patients with upper gastrointestinal bleed (UGIB) presenting to the emergency department (ED). At present, there is a scarcity of data on UGIB in Northern part of India. Material and method: The study was a single-center,prospective observational study conducted at an urban tertiary care center. Consecutive patients with UGIB were enrolled in the study from August 2020 to February 2022. A detailed history was obtained, including demographic data such as age and sex, presenting complaints, history of presenting illness, history related to co-morbidities, addiction, and drug history. Pre-endoscopic Rockall and Glasgow-Blatchford Score were calculated for each patient. The patients were subsequently followed up till discharge from the hospital. The nal outcomes with regard to mortality, need for blood transfusion, length of ED, and hospital stay and discharge were noted. Result: 141 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients with UGIB was 48 ± 14 years. 115 (81.6%) patients were male. The most common co-morbidity was chronic liver disease (40;28.4%). The most frequent presenting complaint in this study was hematemesis (96; 68.1%), followed by melena (76;53.9%). The mean (SD) of the Rockall Score was 2.46 ± 1.75. The mean (SD) of the Glasgow Blatchford Score was 12.46 ± 3.15 in patients with UGIB. Conclusion: In our study, hematemesis was the most prevalent symptom of an UGIB, followed by melena. Portal hypertension was the more common cause of UGIB. Alcohol intake, NSAIDs abuse, and comorbidities such as underlying chronic liver disease, hypertension, and diabetes are statistically signi cantly associated with UGIB. By doing early endoscopy we can nd and treat the cause of bleeding, thereby we can prevent morbidity, mortality and decrease the length of hospital stay.
Research Square (Research Square), 2023
Background and objective: Bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the common medical emergencies. In this study, we assessed patients' socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and the association of clinical characteristics with treatment outcomes among patients with upper gastrointestinal bleed (UGIB) presenting to the emergency department (ED). At present, there is a scarcity of data on UGIB in Northern part of India. Material and method: The study was a single-center,prospective observational study conducted at an urban tertiary care center. Consecutive patients with UGIB were enrolled in the study from August 2020 to February 2022. A detailed history was obtained, including demographic data such as age and sex, presenting complaints, history of presenting illness, history related to co-morbidities, addiction, and drug history. Pre-endoscopic Rockall and Glasgow-Blatchford Score were calculated for each patient. The patients were subsequently followed up till discharge from the hospital. The nal outcomes with regard to mortality, need for blood transfusion, length of ED, and hospital stay and discharge were noted. Result: 141 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients with UGIB was 48 ± 14 years. 115 (81.6%) patients were male. The most common co-morbidity was chronic liver disease (40;28.4%). The most frequent presenting complaint in this study was hematemesis (96; 68.1%), followed by melena (76;53.9%). The mean (SD) of the Rockall Score was 2.46 ± 1.75. The mean (SD) of the Glasgow Blatchford Score was 12.46 ± 3.15 in patients with UGIB. Conclusion: In our study, hematemesis was the most prevalent symptom of an UGIB, followed by melena. Portal hypertension was the more common cause of UGIB. Alcohol intake, NSAIDs abuse, and comorbidities such as underlying chronic liver disease, hypertension, and diabetes are statistically signi cantly associated with UGIB. By doing early endoscopy we can nd and treat the cause of bleeding, thereby we can prevent morbidity, mortality and decrease the length of hospital stay.
Backgrounds: Gastrointestinal bleeding such as hematemesis or melena are common conditions in clinical practice and endoscopic service. The mortality rate due to gastrointestinal bleeding is relatively high. In this study, we evaluate the causes of hematemesis melena for the last 5 years and the factors associated with the bleeding. Methods: The study was done retrospectively. We obtained data from medical record of patients that performed endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract in Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital (Jakarta, Indonesia) during the period of 2001 to 2005. Results: Of 4.154 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy from 2001 to 2005, we found that 837 patients (20.1%) were due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding. They were 552 male (65.9%) and 285 female patients (34.1%). Mean age of male patients was 52.7 ± 15.82 years, while for female patients was 54.46 ± 17.6 years. Of 837 patients who ca...
2019
Background: Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding is a common medical emergency with a hospital mortality of approximately 10 percent. The presentation of bleeding depends on the amount and location of hemorrhage and the endoscopic profile varies according to different etiology. Despite advancements in medical intervention UGIB still carries considerable morbidity, mortality and economic burden on health care system. Aims: The aim was to study the clinical and endoscopic profile of patients presenting with acute UGIB admitted, at our Gastroenterology center. Methods: A hospital based, prospective study was conducted in Gastroenterology unit of Medical Trust Hospital Kochi –Kerala, one of the tertiary care referral centre in South India over a period of one year, from march 2016 to march 2017. During this study period, 120 patients were identified who came to Emergency Department with UGIB and were subjected to endoscopy to identify the etiology. The clinical and endoscopic profile w...
ENDOSCOPIC EVALUTION OF 100 CASES OF GASTRO INTESTINALBLEEDING
Upper gastrointenstinal bleeding(UGIB) is one of the surgical emergencies1.The etiological spectrum of gastrointenstinal bleeding is diverse and variable from one geographical area to another. Earlier barium meal used for study of UGIB which has its own drawbacks . Now upper GI scopy used as diagnostic too2l. Aims And Objectives:- Study the endoscopic evalution and management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in our college(ks hegde hosiptal) Methods:- A cross sectional study of 100 cases of upper GI bleeding who are admitted in justice K S Hedge Charitable Trust between October 2014 to October 2016 Results:- A Total of 100 patients who underwent upper GI scopy during the period. The patients range in age from 18 to 80, Mean age is 50.5 years .Median 52 years.Out of 100 patients lesions found in 95% patients. Majority of patients are presented with haemtemesis (76%) .Oesophageal varices secondary to alcoholic cirrhosis of liver were the most frequent cause of upper GI bleeding followed by PUD. Cirrhosis is the main etiological factor of upper GI bleed in this study (p value – 0.0001) . Esophagus is the most common site of bleeding in this study.In the present study, endoscopic management was the one of the main modality of treatment in 40% of the total patients, consisting of banding (40%). Rest of the patients (57%) were managed conservatively with medical therapy, 3% of the patients were treated surgically. Conclusion:- • Endoscopy is essential in the initial evaluation and management of upper gastro intestinal bleeding. In this study UGI endoscopy provided accurate diagnosis in 95% of Patients. • The most common cause of UGI bleeding was oesophageal varices secondary to cirrhosis of liver with portal hypertension. Therapeutic endoscopy was useful in 40% of patients. No complications were encountered during after Endoscopy. • UGI endoscopy serves its best role in the diagnosis of UGI bleeding and in therapeutic