Arsenic Accumulation in Rice Grain as Influenced by Water Management: Human Health Risk Assessment (original) (raw)
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Arsenic Accumulation in Rice Grains: Effects of Cultivars and Water Management Practices
Environmental Engineering Science, 2011
Arsenic (As) accumulation in rice grains is a threat to human health and marketability of rice products. In an effort to minimize As uptake by rice grains, field experiments were conducted to investigate As accumulation in rice grains of three cultivars in monosodium methanearsonate-treated soil under saturated and flooded water management practices. Results indicated that As concentrations in rice grains were cultivar-dependent and influenced by water management. Soil flooding would substantially enhance the As accumulation with a great variation among cultivars. Extractable As in the soil was positively correlated with sodium dithionite-sodium citrate-sodium bicarbonate solution-extractable Fe, suggesting a strong association of As with ferric (hydr)oxide. Additional laboratory studies showed a strong affinity of synthetic ferric (hydr)oxide with monosodium methanearsonate. This study demonstrated that selection of less As-responsive rice cultivars and use of saturated water management in paddy fields could be an effective means to minimize As accumulation in rice grains.
Water, 2021
Globally, the risk of arsenic (As) contamination in soil and rice is well documented across the globe. In Bangladesh, drinking water and rice are two major exposure pathways of As to humans. Therefore, the efficiency of recent technologies to reduce rice As and associated human health risks still need to be deeply investigated. In this direction, a pot experiment was performed to investigate the impact of soil As and agronomic irrigation management on rice (cv. BRRI dhan28) growth, yield, As accumulation, and finally, health risks to humans from consuming rice. Treatment combinations were made with three levels of As (0, 20, and 40 mg kg−1) having two irrigation procedures, including alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and traditional continuous flooding (CF). According to the findings, As pollution in the soil lowered the yield contributing features and rice yield, including panicle length, filled grains per panicle, sterile grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and st...
Effects of Water Management Practices on Reducing Arsenic Toxicity in Rice: A Glass House Study
2015
Some paddy soils in Bangladesh are contaminated with arsenic (As) due to irrigation of As-laden groundwater, which lead to elevated As in rice grains thus created a health hazard for the local communities. A pot experiment was carried out at the glass house of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during January-May 2009 using calcareous soil elevated with arsenic (22.5 mg kg -1 ) to find out an option of water management that will reduce the arsenic toxicity to rice plants. The rice variety tested was the BRRI dhan29. Three levels of arsenic was added @ 0, 10 and 20 mg As kg -1 to the soil with three water management options i.e. continuous 5 cm standing water, alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous saturation level. Arsenic contamination reduced plant height, tillering, panicle length, grain panicle -1 , 1000-grain weight, grain and straw yields. The grain yield of rice was reduced by 40% for 10 mg kg -1 As treatment and 82% due to 20 mg kg -1 As treatment. AWD...
Arsenic mitigation strategy for rice, using water regime management
The response of two varieties of rice plant (BR-28 and BR-29) to arsenic accumulation added from two sources (As III and As V) under two different water regimes (100 and 75% of field capacity) were examined. Treatments added to soil were 0, 10, 20 and 40 mg As/kg soil. Plant samples were collected after 120 and 140 days from seed sowing, for BR-28 and BR-29 respectively. Delayed seedling emergence; reduced plant growth; yellowing and wilting of leaves; brown necrotic spots on old leaves; and, finally, reduced grain yield of the two varieties, confirmed the symptoms of As toxicity. Arsenic accumulation by plants growing with either As III or As V increased with increasing As treatment , irrespective of water regimes. However, the accumulation was greater in the arsenite-treated soil than that in the arsenate-treated one, indicating the higher phytoavailability of As III. Most of the As taken up by plants was sequestered in the root, followed by straw and grain. In roots of BR-28, the maximum As accumulation from arsenite-treated soil was 17.6 mg/kg dry weight (d.w.) at 100% field capacity (f.c.), whereas at 75% f.c. it was 15.4 mg/kg d.w. and for the roots of BR-29 the values were 31.04 mg/kg d.w and 22.65 mg/kg d.w. at 100 and 75% of f.c. respectively. Arsenic in straw and grain was lower for plants of both varieties at 75% of f.c. However, there have been some varietal differences in the response to As III or As V. The paper discusses the possible management of moisture regimes to reduce the phytoavailability of arsenic, thereby mitigating its toxicity in the rice crop.
Arsenic uptake and accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) irrigated with contaminated water
Plant and Soil, 2002
The 5 use of arsenic (As) contaminated groundwater for irrigation of crops has resulted in elevated concentrations of arsenic in agricultural soils in Bangladesh, West Bengal (India), and elsewhere. Paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main agricultural crop grown in the arsenic-affected areas of Bangladesh. There is, therefore, concern regarding accumulation of arsenic in rice grown those soils. A greenhouse study was conducted to examine the effects of arsenic-contaminated irrigation water on the growth of rice and uptake and speciation of arsenic. Treatments of the greenhouse experiment consisted of two phosphate doses and seven different arsenate concentrations ranging from 0 to 8 mg of As L -1 applied regularly throughout the 170)day post-transplantation growing period until plants were ready for harvesting. Increasing the concentration of arsenate in irrigation water significantly decreased plant height, grain yield, the number of filled grains, grain weight, and root biomass, while the arsenic concentrations in root, straw, and rice husk increased significantly. Concentrations of arsenic in rice grain did not exceed the food hygiene concentration limit (1.0 mg of As kg -1 dry weight). The concentrations of arsenic in rice straw (up to 91.8 mg kg -1 for the highest As treatment) were of the same order of magnitude as root arsenic concentrations (up to 107.5 mg kg -1 ), suggesting that arsenic can be readily translocated to the shoot. While not covered by food hygiene regulations, rice straw is used as cattle feed in many countries including Bangladesh. The high arsenic concentrations may have the potential for adverse health effects on the cattle and an increase of arsenic exposure in humans via the plant-animal-human pathway. Arsenic concentrations in rice plant parts except husk were not affected by application of phosphate. As the concentration of arsenic in the rice grain was low, arsenic speciation was performed only on rice straw to predict the risk associated with feeding contaminated straw to the cattle. Speciation of arsenic in tissues (using HPLC-ICP-MS) revealed that the predominant species present in straw was arsenate followed by arsenite and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA). As DMAA is only present at low concentrations, it is unlikely this will greatly alter the toxicity of arsenic present in rice.
Arsenic (As), a class one carcinogen, reflects a disastrous environmental threat due to its presence in each and every compartment of the environment. The high toxicity of As is notably present in its inorganic forms. Irrigation with As contaminated groundwater in rice fields increases As concentration in topsoil and its bioavailability for rice crops. However, most of the As in paddy field topsoils is present as As(III) form, which is predominant in rice grain. According to the OECD-FAO, rice is the second most extensively cultivated cereal throughout the world. This cereal is a staple food for a large number of populations in most of the developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, South and South-east Asia. Rice consumption is one of the major causes of chronic As diseases including cancer for Asian populations. Thus, this review provides an overview concerning the conditions involved in soil that leads to As entrance into rice crops, phytotoxicity and metabolism of As in rice plants. Moreover, the investigations of the As uptake in raw rice grain are compiled, and the As biotransfer into the human diet is focused. The As uptake by rice crop represents an important pathway of As exposure in countries with high rice and rice-based food consumption because of its high (more than the hygienic level) As levels found in edible plant part for livestock and humans.
Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
Arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater is a severe and widespread problem in Bangladesh and their exposure cause a serious health hazard in human history. A pot experiment was conducted in the net-house of the Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh using fourteen cultivars of rice (Summer rice) to evaluate the effects of varying levels of As contamination on growth, yield and grain As contents. Arsenic contamination adversely affected tillering, filled grains, grain yield and straw yield of all rice cultivars, however, the effect varied among the cultivars. In As control treatment, the highest grain yield (75.66 g pot-1) was observed in BR 11 while the lowest grain yield (8.73 g pot-1) was in BRRI dhan4. Application of 20 ppm As to the soil resulted in complete death of BR 11, BRRI dhan30, BRRI dhan33, BRRI dhan34, BRRI dhan41, Binadhan-4, Biroy and Kalizeera cultivars. Arsenic contamination significantly increased As concentration in grain for...
Study on arsenic content of rice, it’s hazards and domestic control to lower the value
International journal of home science, 2018
Rice is a major agricultural and economic crop in India. In Indian sub continent more than quarter of land is used for cultivation of rice. It is very essential in southern and eastern part of India. In the north and central part wheat is frequently consumed still rice holds its own and is cooked daily as well as in festival and occasions. There is a rise in rice consumption among those who are vegetarians and vegans or are on a low-fat, gluten-free, or lactose-free diets. It is a major global staple food crop that is grown under flooded conditions. Rice absorbs arsenic faster than many other plants and accumulates a high amount of arsenic of all the grain crops. In India, the states of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Manipur and Chhattisgarh are reported to be most affected by arsenic contamination of groundwater above the permissible level. Arsenic (As) poisoning from drinking water has been called the worst natural disaster in the history of mankind. An estim...
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