Redescripción de las colecciones tipo de especies de Corallinales (Rhodophyta) de Maslov. �II. Especies atribuidas por Maslov a Archaeolithothamnium Rothpletz, 1891 (original) (raw)
Palaeontology, 2005
From 1935 to 1962 Maslov published two monographs and several other papers on the taxonomy of fossil calcareous algae of diverse ages from the large geographical area of the former USSR. Among many other taxa, he described five new genera (Solenophyllum, Palaeophyllum, Mesolithon, Bicorium and Tomilithon, as a subgenus of Parachaetetes Deninger) which he attributed to the Corallinaceae, and the new genus Karpathia, which he included in the Squamariaceae. Type material of these taxa, except for Mesolithon, is housed in the Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Re-examination of the genus types from a modern perspective of coralline algal taxonomy shows that Karpathia is a validly published genus of corallinaceans (subfamily Mastophoroideae) to which several Cenozoic fossil species can be assigned. In contrast, the holotype of P. elegans, the type species of Palaeophyllum, cannot be assigned to any subfamily within the Corallinaceae and its preserved features are inadequate for confidently delimiting a separate genus. Solenophyllum is a valid genus in which Palaeozoic representatives of Corallinales formerly attributed to Parachaetetes Deninger can be included. Tomilithon is considered a younger heterotypic synonym of Solenophyllum. The algal nature of the bioclasts in the type of Bicorium is uncertain.
Fourteen coralline algal species (Corallinales, Sporolithales) from Early Langhian (Lower Badenian) red-algal limestones of the Carpathian Foredeep (Czech Republic) are described: Sporolithon lvovicum (Maslov) Bassi et al., Lithothamnion roveretoi Airoldi, Lithothamnion moretii Lemoine, ?Lithothamnion sp. 1, ?Lithothamnion sp. 2, Mesophyllum alternans (Foslie) Cabioch & Mendoza, M. cf. erubescens (Foslie) Lemoine, M. cf. printzianum Woelkerling & Harvey, M. curtum Lemoine, Phymatolithon sp., Lithophyllum sp. 1, Lithophyllum sp. 2, Hydrolithon lemoinei (Miranda) Aguirre et al. and Spongites fruticulosa K€utzing. The characters used in coralline algal species description and identification are summarized and discussed. Five characters newly used in fossil material are associated with the structure and fate of presumed tetrasporangial, gametangial and carposporangial conceptacles, with the shape, size and organization of roof cells, and with the position of the asexuate conceptacles relative to the surrounding thallus surface. Gametangial conceptacles of Phymatolithon and gametangial and carposporangial plants of Sporolithon lvovicum are described for the first time.
Reassessment of Palaeothamnium Conti, 1946 (Corallinales, Rhodophyta
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 1996
Palaeothamnium has been identified in many algal associations from the Late Cretaceous to the Miocene since its definition by . Revision of Conti's original collection and of new material from the type localities in the Vienna Basin indicate that the developmental stages of the conceptacles of the type species P. archaeotypum are common in many other present-day and fossil coralline algae belonging to different genera of the subfamily Melobesioideae and therefore cannot be considered a diagnostic generic character. The presence of flat epithallial cells and long subepithallial initials together with a well-developed peripheral region in the type species leads us to consider Palaeothamnium as a younger heterotypic synonym of Lithothamnion Heydrich, 1897. However, according to modem melobesioid taxonomy, its attribution to Synarthrophyton Townsend, 1979 cannot be completely excluded. In addition, the type species of Palaeothamnium must be treated as a younger heterotypic synonym of Lithothamnion ramosissimum (Reuss, 1847) Piller, 1994.
Taxonomic and biostratigraphical re-assessments of Subterraniphyllum Elliott (Corallinales, Rhodophyta, 2000
A taxonomic and biostratigraphical re-assessment of Subterraniphyllum Elliott (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) is presented. Results from studies of the type collection and of newly collected material from north-eastern Italy and northern Slovenia have shown that this taxon is not a geniculate coralline red alga as originally suggested by Elliott and most subsequent authors. Vegetatively, Subterraniphyllum most closely resembles certain living members of the Corallinales; however, the phenetic and phylogenetic relationships of Subterraniphyllum to other Corallinales cannot be determined with greater certainty. The exclusion of Subterraniphyllum from any group of Corallinaceae with genicula is based on unequivocal evidence that branch formation does not involve the occurrence of genicula. Subterraniphyllum seems to be restricted to the Oligocene. Reports of occurrences in Upper Eocene and Lower Miocene sediments cannot be substantiated. Subterraniphyllum, however, cannot be considered a useful stratigraphical marker until further data on its occurrence in well-dated carbonate sequences are acquired. This study illustrates the problems associated with placing fossil coralline algal specimens into geniculate genera without the preservation of relevant morphological characters. This is especially true in the absence of the careful assessment of fossil material with respect to current taxonomic concepts of geniculate coralline genera, all of which are based on studies of living species. According to the current concepts for geniculate coralline genera, the placing of fossil specimens into geniculate genera without appropriate evidence must be avoided by grouping all potentially geniculate fragments under the informal group ‘Geniculate sensu lato’. Furthermore, for all those many fossil specimens where unequivocal evidence is not present, it is possible to utilize ‘form genera’ based on characters that are normally preserved. This leads to creating a consistent, workable system of applying names to most fossil corallines so that they can be reliably used in relation to stratigraphical and palaeoecological studies.
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 1995
The anatomy of coralline algae is relatively simple. This, together with high intraspecific variability, reduces characters used as diagnostic criteria in delimiting species in present-day coralline algae to a very few, most of which can be recognized in fossil representatives of this family. Similar taxonomic procedures may thus be used at the species level both in modern and fossil coralline algae. Extant species of this subfamily can be recognized in fossil material. This study of Lithophylloideae from the Neogene of southern Spain describes five species (Lithophyllum dentatum, L. incrustans, L. nitorum, L. orbiculatum, and L. pustulatum), which are all found in the present-day Atlantic and western Mediterranean. Palaeontological studies on coralline algae, at least those from the late Cenozoic, have to take into account modern species and their current taxonomy, as coralline algal species have long stratigraphic ranges and many extant species were presumably already present in the Neogene.
Some fossil species of nongeniculate coralline algae are synonyms of living species. These synonimies allow us to use stratigraphic distributions of Phymatolithon calcareum (Pallas) Adey and McKibbin 1970 (Oligocene -Recent) and of the Mediterranean endemics Lithophyllum racemus (Lamarck) Foslie 1901 (Aquitanian -Recent) and Lithothamnion valens Foslie 1909 (Priabonian -Recent) to clarify their paleobiogeography. It also illuminates the bionomy and paleoenvironments of benthic Mediterranean bottoms dominated by unattached corallines. The changes in species and morphologies in the coating sequence of rhodoliths, from nucleus to periphery, document sequential environmental changes.
2010
ABSTRACf Ghosh AK & Sarkar S 20 IO. Contemporary taxonomic perspectives of fossil Coralline Red Algae: their possible origin and evolution. The Palaeobotanist 59(1-3) : 107-119. Studies done by various phycologists have brought about remarkable changes in the present-day coralline algal taxonomy. The taxonomy offossil coralline red algae also has been under the process of continuous revision and modification since 1993. Prior to 1993 it was believed that several diagnostic characters used in recent coralline red algae were unpreservable in fossil forms. Palaeoalgologists have now understood the value ofunification oftaxonomy, for extant and fossil corallines to accurately interpret the phylogeny, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. Phylogenetically, the corallines are very important as they represent a major evolutionary line within the red algae as evidenced by anatomical studies on recent forms as well as various studies on gene sequence analysis. The present contribution deals with the remarkable changes that have taken place since 1993 in the taxonomic aspects offossil coralline algae and the modern trends of research in this context. Presently, an attempt has been made to establish the possible origin and evolution ofcoralline red algae.