Structural Analysis of Stabilization and Consolidation Settlement of Selected Laterite Soil using Cement Lime and Butimen (original) (raw)
Related papers
Soil-Cement Stabilization Using Papalanto to Sagamu Road in Ogun State, Nigeria as Case Study
the country. The road however is in a state of constant distress as a result of the heavy load plying the route and this is further worsened by poor maintenance culture of roads across the country. To curb this menace, arrangement was made by Dangote industry limited (DIL) and Lafarge Plc.to explore ways of carrying out palliatives that will ease hardship road users facebymaking the road motorable albeit temporarily until a permanent solution is put in place by the Federal Government of Nigeria. The palliative involved improving the strength of the road base course by stabilization with 5% Cement by weight of soil to enable the layer perform as a road riding surface for at least 12 months pending when a permanent solution will be put in place by government. The exerciseled to an increase in the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of the base course by as much as 300%; however, the increase in CBR did not translate to a satisfactory Compressive Strength for the stabilized section and as a result, the stabilization exercise could not achieve the aim for which it was carried out as the sections stabilized could not perform satisfactorily as riding surface for the projected one (1) year anticipated in the original plan. Details of the method employed for the soil-Cement Stabilization exercise, challenges encountered, possible reasons why the sections did not perform satisfactorily including summaries of laboratory and field controltest are presented in this paper.
Evaluation of cement stabilised residual soil on macro- and micro-scale for road construction
Journal of Engineering and Applied Science
Lateritic soil is a kind of residual soil widespread in tropical countries. This soil usually possesses acceptable engineering properties to be laid under the construction projects. However, it needs treatment for transportation infrastructure such as railway and road subgrade and embankment, particularly when it is in fine-grained form. Thus, cement, one of the very common stabiliser agents in soil stabilisation, was selected to study its influence on lateritic soil at macro- and micro-levels. In order to achieve this goal, UCS, durability, FESEM and EDX tests were conducted. The results obtained indicate that the UCS increase occurs with an increase in cement content and curing time. It was also found that the shear modulus increases with cement content and curing time. The durability test results disclosed that 3% cement is not enough for soil stabilisation when used for projects in the areas subjected to cyclic wetting-drying cycles. The durability test results revealed that the...
Cement Stabilized Soil as Subgrade Material for Road Construction
2016
Any constructional activity be it road projects or heavy civil engineering projects like dams, tunnels etc require a lot of earthworks and as such we need to enhance the engineering properties of the soil in order to strengthen it so that the soil has sufficient bearing capacity as well as density. Hence, in our project work an effort has been made to strengthen the soil as a subgrade by using soil stabilization using cement as a stabilizing material. The soil which has to be stabilized was taken from Zoo road area of Guwahati. At first the soil sample was experimented for sieve analysis, liquid limit, plastic limit, compaction test and CBR test under normal conditions without adding cement. After the results were calculated for normal soil, the soil was added with 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% cement and experimented for the liquid limit, plastic limit, compaction test and CBR test. From the experimental study it can be concluded that problematic red soil can be used for road projects or any o...
STABILIZATION OF LATERITIC SOIL WITH POWERMAX CEMENT FOR HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENT IN NIGERIA
2016
Shortage of crushed rock as pavement base course for road construction and an increase in fuel cost has prompted the search for alternative materials. In this regard, improvements of lateritic soil are been investigated. The production of crushed rock involves drilling, blasting, crushing, and transportation, which are the cause of environmental problems. The objective is to use the improved lateritic soil instead of crushed rock as the base course material for highway pavement construction. Lateritic soil obtained from Abule-Ijoko borrow pit in Ogun state, Nigeria, was stabilized with PowerMax cement in an incremental order of 2% up to 14%. The Soil was classified to be A-6(0) based on the American Association of State Highway and Transport Officials (AASHTO) and unified soil classification system (USCS) after carrying out the Atterberg Limit Test and Sieve Analysis. Strength tests such as compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), and Permeability tests were carried on the soil. The soil was then treated with 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% and 14% of PowerMax cement. The results from the strength test with and without the addition of PowerMax cement were compared.
The usage of cement for soil stabilisation in construction of low volume roads in Malaysia
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
There are about 25% of the total road networks in Malaysia is an unpaved road which is contained gravel or earth road [1]. These are commonly referred to as the low volume roads or unpaved rural road or agriculture roads which required a very minimum standard of design and construction due the low traffic impact and function of the road as an accessibility tool to the local communities. Difficulties in transporting of the materials to the construction site due to the distance from the quarry or construction material source do occur together with the requirement of suitable machinery. Soil stabilisation was identified as an alternative method to facilitate the design and construction requirement in achieving the implementation of the project where respect to cost, time and quality. Currently, soil stabilisation method was not popular in Malaysian construction industry players especially among road designer because the conventional method of pavement design always been the most priorities. Perhaps this may due to the absence of the specification purposely for soil stabilisation works. This paper will present the Malaysian experiences of implementing cement as soil stabiliser in road construction project for rural and low volume roads. The study had been conducted in the road construction project of Jalan Pos Sinderut, Kuala Lipis, Pahang. The scope of the study covers all the stages that involved in the implementation of soil stabilisation using cement this project including design, procurement, and construction.
—Soil Stabilization usually enhances performance properties of soil. This can foster waste to wealth policy in country like Nigeria. The aim of this study is to assess performance properties of a stabilized lateritic soil with a view to obtain a cheap and more effective additive. Soil samples were collected from the study area and subjected to Compaction and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) laboratory tests with the addition of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Egg Shell Ash (ESA). Results showed that MDD, OMC and CBR values varied from 1575Kg/m3 to 1930Kg/m3, 7.55% to 18.50% and 20% to 131% respectively for sample A. And 1566Kg/m3 to 1896Kg/m3, 7.53% to 16.90% and 16% to 98% respectively for sample B. The MDD values decrease with increase in the additives contents due to the replacement of soil by the additives in the mixture, coating of the soil by additives which resulted in large particles with larger voids and density; and addition of the additives which decreased the quality of free silt, clay fraction and coarse materials with large surface areas formed. OMC values also increase as the additives increase, though, that of RHA increases more than that of ESA. This is due to the increase in additives which resulted to increase in the amount of water required in the system to adequately lubricate all the particles in the mixture equally increase. Generally, CBR values also increase with increase in the additives contents. This could be attributed to gradual formation of cementitious compound between the additives and Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) present in the soil, thus increase in coarse particles of the soil through cementation.
This study presents the structural analysis of soil used as a road construction material, to assess the required properties for improved stabilization. This is done by determining the relationship between the force and penetration cylinder plunger of a standard cross-sectional area which is made to penetrate at a specified rate. The compaction of soil sample gotten from three Abuja laterite deposits was analyzed by subjecting it to moisture content test, atterberg limit test, dry density test, specific gravity test, Californian bearing ratio (CBR), and compaction tests using modified proctor equipment. Their natural moisture content, plasticity index, maximum dry density (MDD), Optimum Moisture Content (OMC), Specific gravity and CBR lies between 5.7-7.6%, 8.5-10.3, 1810-2210Kg/M 3 , 16.2-18.4%, 2.02-2.49 and 33.1-50.8% respectively. The results showed that Muko soil meets the required specification and can be recommended as most suitable a sub-base course used for road construction material when compared with that of Jikwoyi and Apiwe laterite soil material.
MATEC Web of Conferences
The need for a pavement matrix in road construction, especially in Sumatra area, is now more difficult and expensive because the deposit materials are concentrated in Java and most of them are not available. For this reason, soil stabilization is a way out of this problem. On this basis it is necessary to conduct stabilization research with highly active stabilization material by using Portland cement type I. The soil to be stabilized is clay soil which is derived from the areas of Jambi and Palembang and which has a low CBR value less than the requirement for sub base or pavement (< 10%), with the expected CBR value of stabilization to be suitable for road construction. This research covers physical and soil mechanical properties which are compaction parameter and CBR value with 3 days of dry curing time and 4 days of soak curing time using ASTM test procedure. Variations of cement addition were used of 6%, 8%, and 10% for the clay soil from Palembang and 8%, 10%, and 12% for th...
Soil Stabilization Using Natural Materials for Highway Construction- An Overview
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2021
Soil stabilization is defined as the process of improving physical properties of soil such as shear strength, permeability, bearing capacity etc., that can be done by controlled compaction or addition of suitable admixtures including cement, lime, fly ash or providing geotextiles, geo-synthetics etc. The characteristics of the subgrade soil depend upon the performance of pavement. Due to this reason, the subgrade which is found to be weak is enhanced by suitable and efficient stabilization method. From literature it can be found that soil stabilization with natural pozzolana activated with lime enhance the properties of soil. This paper presents a review of papers on stabilization of soil using natural pozzolanic materials and the best combination of such materials to impart good pavement material.
Major components of several typical flexible highway pavements are; sub-grade, sub-base, base-course and riding surfaces from the base to the top (Adeyemi, 2013; Gupta and Gupta 2003). Causes of road failure around Nepa and its Environs is due to the presence of deformation such as; potholes, cracks, depression and ruts. Other factors may be due to geological, geomorphological, geotechnical, poor design, construction inadequacies and maintenances. Lateritic soils are also used as a foundation material for other engineering structures like; airfield, low-cost housing and compacted fill in earth embankments (Abubakar, 2006; Kamatchueng et al., 2016; Oke and Amadi, 2008). The mineralogical composition of lateritic soil has an effect on the geotechnical parameters such as; Atterberg limits, Specific gravity, Shear strength, Swelling potential, Bearing capacity and Petrographic properties (Amadi et al., 2012). The work of several authors like (