Atypical Case of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) in A Native Shepherd Dog in Duhok Province, Iraq (original) (raw)
Related papers
Acute undifferentiated leukaemia in a dog
Australian Veterinary Journal, 2014
Background Acute undifferentiated leukaemia (AUL) is considered a separate entity in the context of acute leukaemias. AUL is extremely rare in both humans and dogs, has a rapid clinical course and does not respond to treatment. It is characterised by the presence of blast cells within the bone marrow and/or peripheral blood at levels ≥20% and even up to 100% of all nucleated cells. Blast cells are unable to be differentiated on morphological, cytochemical and phenotypic criteria into myeloid or lymphoid lineages because of their immaturity and/or atypia.
Leukocyte Ratios and Prognosis in Dogs with Primary Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia: A Pilot Study
2022
Canine immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is a life-threatening condition that is commonly associated with neutrophilia and monocytosis. Leukocyte ratios have been found to have prognostic value in humans and animals affected by a range of inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic disorders. We hypothesized that in primary IMHA, neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR), neutrophil to monocyte (NMR), band neutrophil to segmented neutrophil (BNR) and monocyte to lymphocyte (MLR) ratios would be higher in dogs that did not survive to discharge. Medical records of dogs diagnosed with IMHA at two veterinary teaching hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-three of the 72 included dogs do not survive to discharge. NLR, NMR, BNR and MLR ratios were compared between dogs that survived to discharge and dogs that died or were euthanized. None of the ratios were significantly different between survivors and non-survivors (P = 0.14-0.99). Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC)...
This study evaluates the haematological parameters and the observed erythrocytes morphological changes in dogs raised in Ibadan, Oyo State in the south western part of Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from sixty-four apparently healthy dogs. The haematological parameters of the blood samples collected were evaluated with the quantification of the percentage erythrocyte morphological abnormalities. The result of the quantitative count of the erythrocyte morphological abnormalities were also converted using reference guide to give the numerical/descriptive clinical grade of the associated morphological abnormalities. There was a significant difference between the haematological parameters reported in this study and the commonly used dog haematological reference ranges from temperate regions used in laboratories in Nigeria. Some of the morphological abnormalities observed in this study include echinocyte (4.12±0.35%), macrocyte (2.61±0.22%) and spherocyte (2.17±0.29%) and eccentrocyte (0.39±0.06%) while other such as acanthocyte (1.39±0.19), leptocyte (0.71±0.13), schizocyte (0.703±0.104) and codocyte (0.50±0.11) were also seen. These study findings show that the associated morphological changes were all not significant and fall within the acceptable range using the reference guide for erythrocyte morphological abnormalities even when the haematological values differ significantly from the reference value. This study provides baseline information on the haematological parameters and the novel correlation of the associated erythrocyte abnormalities seen as a corresponding proof of the apparently healthy status of the dogs raised in Ibadan used for this study. The study while serving as an important means of verification of the reference range of haematological parameters also shows that clinical case interpretation using haematological baseline data from the temperate region should be used with caution in our tropical environment. This thus necessitates the need for an advocacy to build a reference range of haematological parameters that can be used as a working baseline value for the tropical environment.
IDIOPATHIC IMMUNE MEDIATED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA IN A DOG: A CASE STUDY
A five year old male spitz weighing 15kg was brought with a complaint of blood mixed urine and emesis since 2 days. Detailed clinical examination was conducted and samples were collected. Faecal sample did not reveal ova of any parasite. Wet film and blood smear examinations were negative. Hematology revealed decrease in RBC count (2.9 millions/cumm), hemoglobin (5.3g/dl), VPRC (16%) and platelet count (1, 30,000/cumm) and increased WBC count (46,600/ cumm). Serum biochemistry showed hyperproteinemia and increased serum urea and creatinine values. Ultrasonagraphy was performed and revealed congestion of liver and loss of architecture of kidneys. The animal died during the treatment and was subjected to the detailed postmortem examination. Heart blood examination revealed erythro-phagocytosis, suggestive of immune mediated hemolytic anemia. On histopathological examination of kidney, the tubular epithelium showed degenerative and necrotic changes. The results are analyzed and discussed.
Haematological Changes in Dogs Affected With Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia - Research Article
International Journal of Livestock Research
Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is the most common immune-mediated diseases associated with production of anti-red blood cell (RBC) antibodies in dogs. It causes severe anemia, morbidity and mortality in dogs. The present study records the haematological changes in dogs affected with IMHA. Anaemic dogs presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex Kokkale, Thrissur were diagnosed with IMHA by performing saline agglutination test and direct Coombs' test. Twenty five dogs positive for IMHA were studied for haematological changes on day of presentation. These dogs were characterized by macrocytic hyperchromic, regenerative type of anaemia with anisocytosis, thromobocytopenia, Leucocytosis, lymphocytosis, monocytosis and granulocytosis. The results indicate that dogs affected with IMHA have significant changes in haematological parameters.
Proposed Criteria for Classification of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Dogs and Cats
Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 1991
Blood and bone marrow smears from 49 dogs and cats, believed to have myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), were examined by a panel of 10 clinical pathologists to develop proposals for classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in these species. French-American-British (FAB) group and National Cancer Institute (NCI) workshop definitions and criteria developed for classification of AML in humans were adapted. Major modifications entailed revision of definitions of blast cells as applied to the dog and cat, broadening the scope of leukemia classification, and making provisions for differentiating erythremic myelosis and undifferentiated MPD. A consensus cytomorphologic diagnosis was reached in 39 (79.6%) cases comprising 26 of AML, 10 of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and 3 of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Diagnostic concordance for these diseases varied from 60 to 81% (mean 73.3 +/- 7.1%) and interobserver agreement ranged from 51.3 to 84.6% (mean 73.1 +/- 9.3%). Various subtypes of AML identified included Ml, M2, M4, M5a, M5b, and M6. Acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) was recognized as a specific entity. M3 was not encountered, but this subclass was retained as a diagnostic possibility. The designations M6Er and MDS-Er were introduced where the suffix "Er" indicated preponderance of erythroid component. Chief hematologic abnormalities included circulating blast cells in 98% of the cases, with 36.7% cases having >30% blast cells, and thrombocytopenia and anemia in approximately 86 to 88% of the cases. Bone marrow examination revealed panmyeloid dysplastic changes, particularly variable numbers of megaloblastoid rubriblasts and rubricytes in all AML subtypes and increased numbers of eosinophils in MDS. Cytochemical patterns of neutrophilic markers were evident in most cases of Ml and M2, while monocytic markers were primarily seen in M5a and M5b cases. It is proposed that well-prepared, Romanowsky-stained blood and bone marrow smears should be examined to determine blast cell types and percentages for cytomorphologic diagnosis of AML. Carefully selected areas of stained films presenting adequate cellular details should be used to count a minimum of 200 cells. In cases with borderline diagnosis, at least 500 cells should be counted. The identity of blast cells should be ascertained using appropriate cytochemical markers of neutrophilic, monocytic, and megakaryocytic differentiation. A blast cell count of > 30% in blood and/or bone marrow indicates AML or AUL, while a count of < 30% blasts in bone marrow suggests MDS, chronic myeloid leukemias, or even a leukemoid reaction. Myeloblasts, monoblasts, and megakaryoblasts comprise the blast cell count. The FAB approach with additional criteria should be used to distinguish AUL and various subtypes of AML (Ml to M7 and M6Er) and to differentiate MDS, MDS-ER, chronic myeloid leukemias, and leukemoid reaction. Bone marrow core biopsy and electron microscopy may be required to confirm the specific diagnosis. Immunophenotyping with lineage specific antibodies is in its infancy in veterinary medicine. Development of this technique is encouraged to establish an undisputed identity of blast cells. Validity of the proposed criteria needs to be substantiated in large prospective and retrospective studies. Similarly, clinical relevance of cytomorphologic, cytochemical, and immunophenotypic characterizations of AML in dogs and cats remains to be determined.
Histopathology of Canine Bone Marrow in Malignant Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Veterinary Pathology, 1988
Bone marrow core~biopsies from 63 dogs with malignant lymphoproliferative disorders and leukemic involvement were evaluated. Multicentric lymphoma (44), multiple myeloma (8), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (9), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2) were found. Four distinct bone marrow histologic patterns were identified: focal (6), mixed (20), interstitial (28), and packed (9). Of those with focal or mixed patterns, 77% (20126) had paratrabecular distribution. Stromal changes were infrequent, with 6% (4163) having necrosis, 3% (2163) fibrosis, and 6% (4163) osteolysis. For each condition, the interstitial and mixed patterns were the most common presentations, while focal and packed patterns occurred less frequently. Morphologically, cells of metastatic lesions of lymphoma resembled those of primary sites. Colonization of bone marrow by various cytologic types of lymphoma was independent of the histologic patterns.
Hematologic Alteration in Stray Dogs with Respect to Age and Sex - an Aid to Diagnosis
Indian journal of canine practice, 2021
Stray dogs act as a source of infection to healthy dogs and often their hematological values bring confusion in diagnosis. We collected 100 dogs of various age groups and sexes and collected blood samples for analysis. Before selection of animals, all stray dogs were tested and recorded to be parasitologically negative through blood and stool examination. The heart beat, pulse rate and rectal temperature were under normal range. The appetite of all the dog were normal. No significant variation was recorded among both the sexes. The age wise variation in hematology was not significant except the RBC count was recorded to be higher in adult dogs than that of juveniles and puppies and eosinophil count was recorded to be higher in adults and juveniles than in puppies.