Correlation between heterosis and genetic distance based on SSR markers in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (original) (raw)
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African Journal of Biological Sciences, 2021
Present experiment was conducted on 32 sunflower genotypes (11 CMS lines and 21 Restorer lines) on the basis of their diverse origin, growth habit, phenology and adaptation with an object to assess variation in oil yield attributing traits. The total variability consisting heritable and non-heritable components of the characters were estimated by genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic (PCV) coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance (GA) and the best positive traits for sunflower improvement through selection and breeding were assessed. All the characters among the different genotypes exhibited significant variation. Oil yield was highly significant and positively correlated with seed yield (kg/ha) (0.95), number of filled grain/head (0.85), grain filling% (0.65), days to 50% flowering (0.417), plant height (0.33). Seed yield (kg/ha) was highly significant and positively correlated with plant height (0.33), head diameter (0.30). Seed yield (kg/ha) varied from 625 (CMS-16A) to 1120(CMS-302A) in lines and 576 (EC-601751) to 1221(R-630) in testers respectively. The highest 100 seed weight and hull content (%) was obtained from P-2-7-1A. Seed yield, oil yield (kg/ha) and numbers of filled grains were obtained from EC 601978. Genotypes were classified into eight distinct clusters with a maximum inter distance observed between cluster VI and VII. The experiment assisted to identify the superior genotype among diverse genotypes of sunflower which can act as parents with desirable traits like number of filled grain/head, volume weight/100 ml, 100-seed weight, oil content and seed yield/plant for further breeding purposes. which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Heterosis for agronomically important traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L
Helia, 2007
Significant manifestation of heterosis for agronomically important traits is the main precondition for obtaining productive sunflower hybrids (Škorić et al., 2006). Development of high-yielding and stable sunflower hybrids based on interspecific hybridization requires knowledge of heterotic effects occurring in the F 1 generation. Heterosis for seed yield per plant, total seed number per head and 1,000-seed weight was studied in interspecific hybrids obtained by the line × tester method. The seven female inbred lines used in the study had been developed by interspecific hybridization, while the three male restorer inbreds with good combining abilities were used as testers in the form of fertility restorers. Twenty-one F 1 hybrids were obtained by crossing each tester with each female inbred line. A trial with the lines and F 1 hybrids was set up at Rimski Šančevi. Experiment Field of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad using a randomized block design with three replications. Our study found significant differences in the mean values of all the traits under investigation. Heterosis values for seed yield were positive and highly significant relative to parental average (98.4-274.1%) as well as better parent (55.8-223.2%). Considerably less heterosis was found for total seed number per head (69.6-203.7%) relative to parental average and better parent (47.6-183.3%). With 1,000-seed mass, the values ranged between 26.5% and 48.8% relative to parental average and from -42.4% to 30.9% relative to better parent. This study could prove useful in the development of new high-yielding sunflower hybrids based on interspecific hybridization.
Helia, 2004
to predict the level of heterosis based on genetic divergence through regression analysis in sunflower. One hundred and forty crosses involving 10 lines and 14 testers were affected and evaluated for ten quantitative traits. Better parent heterosis (BPH) of crosses was estimated and correlated with genetic divergence between parents as measured by Mahalanobi's D 2 statistic. The relationship between characterwise parental divergence and better parent heterosis only for five important characters viz., plant height, head diameter, seed yield, oil content and oil yield, was determined using linear regression and curvilinear regression of second degree. The estimates of better parent heterosis significantly regressed towards the genetic distance of the parents. However, it was not enough for successful prediction of heterosis through either linear or curvilinear regression of second degree as indicated from highly significant chi-square values for observed and predicted estimates of heterosis for all these characters.
Heterosis for seed, oil yield and quality of some different hybrids sunflower
OCL
Twenty-one hybrids of sunflower were produced by crossing 7 introduced cytoplasmic male sterile lines (CMS-lines) with 3 restorer lines (RF-lines) using line × tester mating design. The twenty-one hybrids, three restorers, seven maintainer lines (B-lines) were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design of three replications. Mean squares due to genotypes, parents (P), crosses (C), lines (L), testers (T), P vs. C, for stearic acid and line × tester for palmitic acid. The inbred lines and their F1 hybrids differed significantly in their mean values of the traits under study. The variances due to specific combining ability (SCA) were higher than general combining ability (GCA) variances for all the studied traits, showing non-additive type of gene action controlling the traits. Non-additive type of gene action can be utilized for varietal improvement through heterosis breeding. Heterosis values for seed yield plant−1 were positive and highly significa...
ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF PLANT BREEDING, 2020
The present study was conducted in order to estimate the genetic variability and variability parameters among the parental lines and crosses for 18 characters in sunflower. The investigation was carried out at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal during rabi, 2018-19, in a Randomized block design with two replications. ANOVA studies reported highly significant differences for all the traits. High GCV and PCV recorded for oil yield, leaf area index, seed yield, autogamy per cent, number of seeds per head and specific leaf area indicating more variability of these traits and less influence of environment. High heritability and genetic advance noted for the traits viz., leaf area index, plant height, specific leaf area, the number of leaves per plant, oil yield, seed set per cent, seed yield, 100 seed weight, the number of seeds per head, head diameter and autogamy per cent indicates these traits were governed by additive gene action and selection will be rewarding for the crop improvement. The traits days to 50 per cent flowering, oil content, volume weight, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading and hull content reported high heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance indicating the role of both additive and non-additive gene action and population improvement by reciprocal recurrent selection can be useful.
2006
Fourteen cytoplasmic male sterile lines and 6 testers were crossed in a line x tester fashion to develop 84 sunflower hybrids during Spring, 2000 at Oilseeds Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad, Pakistan. The hybrids and parents were evaluated during Spring 2001. Highly significant differences existed among genotypes for all the studied plant traits. The highest heterosis and heterobeltiosis for stem girth was showed by crosses ORI-3 x RL77 and ORI-3 x RL-84, respectively in the positive direction. The cross combination ORI-3 x RL-84 exhibited maximum increase over mid and better parents for 100-achene weight. The highest positive heterosis and heterobeltiosis for oil content was exhibited by crosses ORI-6 x RL-27 and ORI-47 x RL-69, respectively. Crosses ORI-29 x RL-84 and ORI-3 x RL-77 showed the maximum increase over mid and better parents, respectively for head diameter. The hybrid ORI-20 x RL-77 showed highest positive heterosis and heterobeltiosis values for plant height. The...
Genetic analysis inbred lines and hybrids of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
In order to investigate relationships of sunflower traits with grain yield, an experiment was carried out in Khoy Station of Agricultural Research Center of west Azerbaijan province during Years 2007-2008. Six sunflower restore lines were crossed with four cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines as tester in 2007. Twenty-four combination of hybrid treatments crossed from previous season were arranged in randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2008. Plant height, stem and head diameters, 1000kernel weight, grain/head, grain yield and oil percentage, heading and maturity dates had significant differences. Hybrids of RG85-19×AG85-222, RG85-21×AG85-52 and RG85-21×AG85-148 had the highest grain yield with 4777, 5271 and 4557kg/ha, respectively. Apart from phonological traits, oil percentage had positive significant correlations with grain yield. At stepwise regression grain/head and 1000-kernek weight, 0.70 and 0.23 coefficients remained in the final model. These two traits had the highest direct effects on grain yield. RGK-26 line was differentiated as a superior restorer line for endowment of early maturity and high yield potential to correspondent hybrids. AGK-52 line was characterized as a suitable tester for selection of sunflower inbred lines. Crosses of RGK-21×AGK-52, RGK-19×AGK-52 and RGK-21×AGK-148 were identified with desired specific combining ability (SCA) for grain and oil yield. It is concluded that selection for achieving high grain yield must be done for grain/head and 1000-kernel weight.
Genetic variability, evaluation and characterization of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) germplasm
Bangladesh Journal of Botany
Fifty accessions of sunflower germplasm were characterized and evaluated for seed yield and its components traits to study the variability present among different germplasm lines. Significant amount of genetic variability was observed for all the characters under study. Seed yield and hull content were identified for highest genotypic (27.08 and 20.14%, respectively) and phenotypic coefficients of variation (27.89 and 20.64%, respectively) and also for high heritability (97.46 and 97.28%, respectively) coupled with high genetic advance (52.19 and 40.49%, respectively) over mean followed by duration of reproductive phase, oil content, 100-seed weight and plant height. Qualitative traits also showed wide variation among the accessions. Majority of the accessions were early in flowering, medium in maturity and medium in head diameter. Among all the accessions, ten lines were observed with short height and ten lines showed high oil content (> 40%). Maximum genetic distance was observ...