Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of acetophenone using a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrochemical Reactor (original) (raw)
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An alternative to hydrogenation processes. Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of benzophenone
Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2018
The electrocatalytic hydrogenation of benzophenone was performed at room temperature and atmospheric pressure using a polymer electrolyte membrane electrochemical reactor (PEMER). Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles were synthesised and supported on a carbonaceous matrix (Pd/C) with a 28 wt % of Pd with respect to carbon material. Pd/C was characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Cathodes were prepared using Pd electrocatalytic loadings (LPd) of 0.2 and 0.02 mg cm−2. The anode consisted of hydrogen gas diffusion for the electrooxidation of hydrogen gas, and a 117 Nafion exchange membrane acted as a cationic polymer electrolyte membrane. Benzophenone solution was electrochemically hydrogenated in EtOH/water (90/10 v/v) plus 0.1 M H2SO4. Current densities of 10, 15 and 20 mA cm−2 were analysed for the preparative electrochemical hydrogenation of benzophenone and such results led to the highest fractional conversion (XR) of around 30% and ...
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1993
The hydrogenation of benzaldehyde and acetophenone waa investigated at two carbon felt-supported Pd electrocatalysts, prepared by two different methods. The faradaic yield and the selectivity of the reaction were found to be greatly affected by the preparation conditions of the catalyst. A model, based on a reaction electrocatalytic mechanism, involving two parallel steps through which alcohol and hydrocarbon are generated from the reactant adsorbed on different active sites, waa performed. The kinetics was described by means of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate equations, and the kinetic and equilibrium parameters were determined for both electrocatalysts.
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1993
The hydrogenation of benzaldehyde and acetophenone waa investigated at two carbon felt-supported Pd electrocatalysts, prepared by two different methods. The faradaic yield and the selectivity of the reaction were found to be greatly affected by the preparation conditions of the catalyst. A model, based on a reaction electrocatalytic mechanism, involving two parallel steps through which alcohol and hydrocarbon are generated from the reactant adsorbed on different active sites, waa performed. The kinetics was described by means of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate equations, and the kinetic and equilibrium parameters were determined for both electrocatalysts.
A study of the electrochemical hydrogenation of o-xylene in a PEM hydrogenation reactor
Electrochimica Acta, 2012
In this study, we investigate the electrochemical hydrogenation of o-xylene in a proton exchange membrane hydrogenation reactor (PEMHR). The reactor was operated isothermally over the temperature range 20-68 • C and at a pressure of 1 atm in a semi-batch mode. Hydrogen was fed into the anode compartment and o-xylene into the cathode. The hydrogenation efficiency was investigated at different current densities and temperatures. Results obtained show that the hydrogenation efficiency increases with temperature but decreases with current density. At low current densities the hydrogenation efficiency approaches 100%. A zero dimensional model was used to fit the data and extract a rate constant for the hydrogenation reaction. The activation energy for this reaction was found to be 28 kJ/mole.
The use of hydrogen generated at the electrode surface for electrohydrogenation of organic compounds
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1993
The electrocatalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzoic acids (para and ortho) and nitrobenzenesulfonic acids (meta and para) at Raney nickel (RNi) and Devarda copper (DCu) electrodes in a basic aqueous medium (0.15M NaOH) gave the corresponding amino acids with chemical yields of 80-100~o and current etIiciencies of 75-100% under controlled potential or constant current conditions in a two-compartment H-cell (2 g scale). On a larger scale (~ 110 g) using a flow-cell, metanitrobenzenesulfonic acid gave metanilic acid in a 85-90~ yield and 60-65~o current efficiency. The lifetime of the electrodes was of the order of 50-60 days. Other electrohydrogenations were carried out successfully in aqueous solutions: maleic anhydride to succinic acid, pyridine to piperidine, and glucose to sorbitol.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Biomass-Derived Organics: A Review
Chemical Reviews, 2020
Sustainable energy generation calls for a shift away from centralized, hightemperature, energy-intensive processes to decentralized, low-temperature conversions that can be powered by electricity produced from renewable sources. Electrocatalytic conversion of biomass-derived feedstocks would allow carbon recycling of distributed, energy-poor resources in the absence of sinks and sources of high-grade heat. Selective, efficient electrocatalysts that operate at low temperatures are needed for electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) to upgrade the feedstocks. For effective generation of energydense chemicals and fuels, two design criteria must be met: (i) a high H:C ratio via ECH to allow for high-quality fuels and blends and (ii) a lower O:C ratio in the target molecules via electrochemical decarboxylation/ deoxygenation to improve the stability of fuels and chemicals. The goal of this review is to determine whether the following questions have been sufficiently answered in the open literature, and if not, what additional information is required: (1) What organic functionalities are accessible for electrocatalytic hydrogenation under a set of reaction conditions? How do substitutions and functionalities impact the activity and selectivity of ECH? (2) What material properties cause an electrocatalyst to be active for ECH? Can general trends in ECH be formulated based on the type of electrocatalyst? (3) What are the impacts of reaction conditions (electrolyte concentration, pH, operating potential) and reactor types? CONTENTS
Electro-generative hydrogenation of allyl alcohol applying PEM fuel cell reactor
Electrochemistry Communications, 2003
ABSTRACT The electro-generative hydrogenation of allyl alcohol (AA) to 1-propanol was studied applying the PEM fuel cell reactor. The results indicated that AA can be converted to 1-propanol at the cathode, and electric power was generated simultaneously. No side reactions were observed during the operation. Open circuit cell potentials were around 0.25 V and current density varied from 4 to with the change of external load. The maximum power density was at a current density of during the hydrogenation of AA in water with the generation of electric power. According to the cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement for the electro-reduction of AA, the hydrogenation of AA occurred near the positive potential of 250 mV before hydrogen evolution. CV measurement was in accord with the results observed in the hydrogenation of AA in the PEM fuel cell reactor.
Scientific reports, 2016
In recent years, the worldwide use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has increased exponentially. PET wastewater contains ethylene glycol (EG) and terephthalic acid (TPA). In this study, we present a unique method for producing combustible gases like CH4 and H2 from PET wastewater by electrochemical reaction of EG and TPA. The non-diaphragm-based electrochemical (NDE) method was used to treat PET wastewater. The electrochemical removal of EG and TPA from PET wastewater was examined and the optimal conditions for their reduction to CH4 and H2 were determined. Using the proposed system, 99.9% of the EG and TPA present in the PET wastewater samples were degraded to produce CH4 and H2, at applied voltages lower than 5 V. The highest Faradaic efficiency achieved for EG and TPA reduction was 62.2% (CH4, 25.6%; H2, 36.6%), at an applied voltage of 0.8 V. Remarkably, CH4 was produced from EG decomposition and H2 from TPA decomposition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first repor...