Estimating the incidence of lung cancer attributable to occupational exposure in Iran (original) (raw)
Multiple air pollutant exposure and lung cancer in Tehran, Iran
Scientific Reports
Lung cancer is the most rapidly increasing malignancy worldwide with an estimated 2.1 million cancer cases in the latest, 2018 World Health Organization (WHO) report. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of air pollution and lung cancer, in Tehran, Iran. Residential area information of the latest registered lung cancer cases that were diagnosed between 2014 and 2016 (N = 1,850) were inquired from the population-based cancer registry of Tehran. Long-term average exposure to PM10, SO2, NO, NO2, NOX, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene (BTEX), and BTEX in 22 districts of Tehran were estimated using land use regression models. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to generate multi-pollutant exposure profiles. Negative binomial regression analysis was used to examine the association between air pollutants and lung cancer incidence. The districts with higher concentrations for all pollutants were mostly in downtown and around the railwa...
Lung Cancer Incidence Trends in Iran and in Six Geographical Regions of the Country (2000 - 2005)
Shiraz E-Medical Journal, 2016
Background: Lung cancer, the most common type of cancer in humans, is the leading cause of cancer deaths globally, accounting for 1.38 million deaths per year (18.2% of all cancer deaths). Lung cancer is the third most common type of cancer in Iran. Objectives: The present study investigated the incidence of lung cancer in six geographical regions of Iran. Materials and Methods: Data for annual cases of lung cancer were obtained from the national cancer registry during the years 2000-2005. The rates of incidence were standardized using world health organization (WHO) population data, and confidence intervals were calculated at 95%. Iran was divided into six areas according to geographical differences. The Poisson regression model was used to test the significance of changes in the incidence rates during the study period Results: The age-standardized rates of lung cancer for men and women increased from 0.8 and 0.3 per 100,000 people in 2000 to 4 and 1.5 in 2005, respectively. The highest rate of lung cancer was observed in the mountainous region, and the lowest rate occurred in the western provinces of the Caspian sea region. Despite the difference in the slope of changes, there is an increasing trend in the incidence of lung cancer in all geographical areas. Conclusions: The current incidence rates of lung cancer in all the geographical areas examined are generally increasing. Unfortunately, the rates of urbanization, environmental pollution, and smoking tendency are also increasing in Iran; to control these trends and adjust these risk factors, officials should help more with public-program planning.
Occupational exposure and lung cancer risk - Study in two different Romanian areas
ARS Medica Tomitana, 2013
Lung cancer is the most frequent neoplasm worldwide and the incidence in Constanta County is in continuous increasing. Occupation as a cause of lung cancer is common. The authors examined the relation between occupation and lung cancer in two patient cohorts from different areas of Romania: Constanta and Valcea. In 2005-2010, in Constanta and Valcea counties, 488 and 344 incident lung cancer cases were enrolled. Lifetime occupational histories (industry and job title) were coded by using standard international classifications and were translated into occupations known (list A) or suspected (list B) to be associated with lung cancer. An exposure excess of 14.6% for patients from Constanta ever employed in occupations known to be associated with lung cancer (list A) was found, with the largest contributions from the oil refinery and shipbuilding industries No overall excess was found for list B with the exception of bus and truck drivers (men) and launderers and dry cleaners (women), ...
Lung cancer related to occupational exposure: an integrative review
Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem, 2020
Objective: To identify in the literature the carcinogenic agents found in the work environment, the occupations and the risk for lung cancer. Method: A descriptive and analytical study of the Integrative Literature Review type was carried out in national and international databases from the last ten years in the period from 2009 to 2018, concerning 32 studies referring to association between carcinogenic substances to which the worker is exposed and lung cancer. Results: Nine (28.1%) publications originated in China and only one in Brazil. The most exposed workers were from the secondary sector, 50% being from industry and 6.2% from construction, mostly male. Asbestos and silica stood out among the carcinogenic substances most associated with lung cancer risk, accounting for 37.5% and 28.1%, respectively. Conclusions: The association between occupational exposure and the risk for lung cancer was characterized in this research by the substantial scientific evidence from the described...
BMJ Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2020
Objectives This study provides a detailed analysis of the global and regional burden of cancer due to occupational carcinogens from the Global Burden of Disease 2016 study. Methods The burden of cancer due to 14 International Agency for Research on Cancer Group 1 occupational carcinogens was estimated using the population attributable fraction, based on past population exposure prevalence and relative risks from the literature. The results were used to calculate attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Results There were an estimated 349 000 (95% Uncertainty Interval 269 000 to 427 000) deaths and 7.2 (5.8 to 8.6) million DALYs in 2016 due to exposure to the included occupational carcinogens—3.9% (3.2% to 4.6%) of all cancer deaths and 3.4% (2.7% to 4.0%) of all cancer DALYs; 79% of deaths were of males and 88% were of people aged 55 –79 years. Lung cancer accounted for 86% of the deaths, mesothelioma for 7.9% and laryngeal cancer for 2.1%. Asbestos was responsible for the largest number of deaths due to occupational carcinogens (63%); other important risk factors were secondhand smoke (14%), silica (14%) and diesel engine exhaust (5%). The highest mortality rates were in high-income regions, largely due to asbestos-related cancers, whereas in other regions cancer deaths from secondhand smoke, silica and diesel engine exhaust were more prominent. From 1990 to 2016, there was a decrease in the rate for deaths (−10%) and DALYs (−15%) due to exposure to occupational carcinogens. Conclusions Work-related carcinogens are responsible for considerable disease burden worldwide. The results provide guidance for prevention and control initiatives.
Epidemiology Characteristics and Trends of Lung Cancer Incidence in Iran
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2016
Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world and a major cause of death from cancer. One of the important indicators to compare the prevalence and incidence of the disease is a change in the trend. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the incidence of lung cancer in Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted based on existing data obtained from a national registry of cancer cases and the Disease Management Center of Ministry of Health in Iran. All cases registered in the country were included during 2003-2008. Incidence rates were reported based on the direct method and standard population of World Health Organization. The study also examined the morphology of common lung cancers. Trends in incidence underwent joinpoint regression analysis. Results: Based on the results of this study, 14,403 cases of lung cancer have been recorded of which 10,582 cases were in men and 3,821 in women. Highest incidence rates were observed in the 80-84 age group. Considerable variation across provinces was evident. In females squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) demonstrated a reduction from 24% to 16% of lesions over the period of study, while adenocarcinoma rose from 21% to 29%. In males a similar reduction in SCC was apparent (42% to 29%, again with increase in AC (13 % to 18%). Conclusions: The results show that the increase in the incidence of lung cancer the trend is that more men than women and in men and may be caused by changes in smoking pattern. The incidence of lung cancer in the North West and West provinces was higher than in other regions.
Evaluation of Exposure to Carcinogenic Agents in Tehran Citizens
2012
Background and purpose: Today, one of the major health problems worldwide is cancer. Several factors are involved in cancer incidence; however, the role of environmental factors is more prominent. Modifying these factors and changing them into proper behavior can have a fundamental role in preventing cancer. Accordingly, this study was conducted to evaluate the exposure to carcinogenic agents in Tehran citizens. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample size of 2500 Tehran citizens who were selected by cluster random sampling. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire with five parts including demographic information, and questions regarding alcohol and tobacco use, exposure to radiation, chemicals, and reaction to stressors. Data were collected at one time and in person. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software (v. 11.5) and descriptive statistics. Findings: Results showed that 10.4% of the sample consumed alcohol, 16% smoked ci...
British Journal of Cancer, 2012
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compute attributable fractions (AF) to occupational factors in an area in North-Eastern France with high lung cancer rates and a past of mining and steel industry. METHODS: A population-based case -control study among males aged 40 -79 was conducted, including confirmed primary lung cancer cases from all hospitals of the study region. Controls were stratified by broad age-classes, district and socioeconomic classes. Detailed occupational and personal risk factors were obtained in face-to-face interviews. Cumulative occupational exposure indices were obtained from the questionnaires. Attributable fractions were computed from multiple unconditional logistic regression models. RESULTS: A total of 246 cases and 531 controls were included. The odds ratios (ORs) adjusted on cumulative smoking and family history of lung cancer increased significantly with the cumulative exposure indices to asbestos, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and crystalline silica, and with exposure to diesel motor exhaust. The AF for occupational factors exceeded 50%, the most important contributor being crystalline silica and asbestos. CONCLUSION: These AFs are higher than most published figures. This can be because of the highly industrialised area or methods for exposure assessments. Occupational factors are important risk factors and should not be forgotten when defining high-risk lung cancer populations.
Occupational Exposures and Lung Cancer Risk—An Analysis of the CARTaGENE Study
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 2022
Objective: To determine the associations between prevalent occupational agents and lung cancer risk. Methods: A case-cohort design (n cases = 147; n sub-cohort = 1,032) was nested within the CARTaGENE prospective cohort study. The Canadian Job Exposure Matrix was used to determine the probability of exposure to 27 agents in participants’ longest-held jobs. Multivariable logistic regression with robust variance estimators was used to determine the associations between each agent and lung cancer risk while adjusting for established lung cancer risk factors. Results: Increased lung cancer risk was observed among those exposed to ashes, calcium sulfate, formaldehyde, cooking fumes, alkanes, aliphatic aldehydes, and cleaning agents. Lower lung cancer risk was found among participants exposed to carbon monoxide and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum. Conclusion: Our findings support the role of several occupational agents, for which we have limited knowledge, in contributing ...