ЗАВИСИМОСТЬ ЭНЕРГИИ ГЕЛЬМГОЛЬЦА ОТ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ ВСПЫШКИ Н-АЛКИЛБЕНЗОЛОВ (original) (raw)
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ГЕЛЬМИНТОФАУНА ЧЕРЕПАХ В НЕВОЛЕ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДЕГЕЛЬМИНТИЗАЦИИ РЕПТИЛИЙ
Ветеринарный журнал Беларуси, 2019
В статье приведены результаты исследований особенностей состава гельминофауны черепах, соде ржащихся в неволе. Установлены основные представители - Tachygonetria spp. Wedl, 1862 и Angusticaecum spp. Baylis, 1920. Определены сезонные особенности интенсивности инвазии, а именно: наивысшей она становится весной, после зимовки, что может быть связано с особенностями резистентности черепах. Проведен анализ особенностей паразито-хозяинных взаимоотношений выявленных гельминтов. Проведено клиническое испытание топикального способа нанесения антигельминтика «Профендер®» на липофильной основе. Установлены преимущества такой дегельминтизации в сравнении с оральным применением препарата «Фенбендазол». При этом показано, что применение профендера® более эффективно, хотя 100% гельминтоцидного действия достигнуто не было, в связи с особенностями биологического цикла указанных возбудителей.
ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ РОНКОЛЕЙКИНА ПРИ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРГЛИКЕМИИ
On the model of alloxan diabetes in rats to study the influence of thiocetam (500 mg/kg) and recombinant interleukin-2 (Roncoleukin) (0.01 mg/kg) on the performance of the glutathione system , energy metabolism and protein oxidative modification products. Experimental diabetes was simulated by means of single subcutaneous administration of alloxan monohydrate water solution (Sigma, USA) – 150 mg/kg as 5% acetate buffer solution with pH 4.5. Brain tissue fragments from mesencephalic artery region, homogenized in liquid nitrogen, were used as materials for biochemical researches. This solution was administered after preliminary 24-hour food deprivation with allowed access to water. In order to generate full and stable diabetes, the animals were put on a standard diet for 11 days. Blood glucose level was determined on the 11th day after alloxan administration using glucose meter Optium Omega (Abbot Diabetes Care Inc., USA). For further researches, only animals with high glucose level (> 11 mmol/l) were used. Cytosolic fraction was separated by differential centrifugation (15,000 g) at the temperature of +4ºС on phosphate buffer 0.15 М with pH 7.8. Protein-free extract was obtained by adding exact amount of brain tissue homogenate into perchloric acid (0.6 M) followed by neutalization by 5.0 M of potassium carbonate. To study thiol-sulfide system activity in the rat brain tissue homogenate, levels of reduced and oxidized thiols and glutathione, and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GP) and glutathione reductase (GR) were determined. Content of total SH-groups were measured by spectrophotometry [8]. Concentration of reduced and oxidized glutathione was measured by fluorometry [9]. Activity of TDS enzymes – GP and GR – was measured by spectrophotometry [10]. Content of methionine and cysteine in the homogenate was measured by chromatography [8]. Also, using biochemical methods, content of protein oxidative modification products was measured in the brain homogenate by levels of aldehyde (APhH) and carboxyle (KphH) products [11]. Statistical data processing was carried out by means of Statistica 6.0 software package; comparative group analysis was performed by means of one-way analysis of variance ANOVA using Newman–Keuls test for multiple comparisons. Differences with р<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Found that the development of hyperglycemia in experimental animals was accompanied by destabilization of the glutathione system (increased levels of oxidized glutathione and a sharp decrease in its activity and reduced forms of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase), energy shortages and rising levels of markers protein oxidative modification products – aldehyde (APhH) and carboxyle (KphH) products. Proved that the course administration thiocetam and Roncoleukin contributed to the normalization of activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, levels stabilize energy phosphates (ATP, ADP, AMP) and protein oxidative modification products figures, the maximum activity was observed for Roncoleukin. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of 7 main mortality causes in most countries of the world and is third among immediate causes of death after cardiovascular and oncological diseases. Nowadays, a body of evidence is amassed in the whole world, as to the fact that effective DM control determines life expectancy of the patients and their performance capability, as well as may keep development of the related complications to a minimum. It is proved, that the most important biological role for antioxidant system is played by reduction-oxidation reactions, during which thiol groups are easily oxidized, generally to form disulfide groupings, and again are regenerated under their reductive splitting. Based on such transformations, a reversible thiol-disulfide system (TDS) is formed. TDS intermediates exhibit transport properties as to nitrogen oxide (NO), thus increasing its bioavailability. Besides, many thiols – glutathione, cysteine, methionine – are able to considerably limit cytotoxicity of NO and its derivatives, thus multiplying neuron chances to survive in case of ischemia. Agents, providing both for damaging effect and cell viability system in the ischemia/hypoxia area, include cytokines – intercellular communication transmitters in health and disease, which establish communication signal network between cells of the immune system and cells of other organs and tissues. According to present-day ideas, nature of immune response and peculiarities of development of the pathophysiological changes in ischemic/hypoxic tissue disorders depends on preemptive activation of the T-lymphocyte subpopulations, their synthesis of cytokines of various types and formation of "cytokine cascade". Primary goal of the effective DM therapy is to block interdependent mechanisms of DM progression – vascular, metabolic events and oxidant stress phenomenon, for which reason increasingly greater attention is paid to medications with antioxidant effect. Agents, providing both for damaging effect and cell viability system in the ischemia/hypoxia area, include cytokines. Therefore, application of cytokine preparations may become effective perspective link in the complex therapy of port-ischemic complications in DM. On the model of alloxan diabetes in rats to study the influence of thiocetam (500 mg/kg) and recombinant interleukin-2 (Roncoleukin) (0.01 mg/kg) on the performance of the glutathione system , energy metabolism and protein oxidative modification products. Experimental diabetes was simulated by means of single subcutaneous administration of alloxan monohydrate water solution (Sigma, USA) – 150 mg/kg as 5% acetate buffer solution with pH 4.5. Brain tissue fragments from mesencephalic artery region, homogenized in liquid nitrogen, were used as materials for biochemical researches. This solution was administered after preliminary 24-hour food deprivation with allowed access to water. In order to generate full and stable diabetes, the animals were put on a standard diet for 11 days. Blood glucose level was determined on the 11th day after alloxan administration using glucose meter Optium Omega (Abbot Diabetes Care Inc., USA). For further researches, only animals with high glucose level (> 11 mmol/l) were used. Cytosolic fraction was separated by differential centrifugation (15,000 g) at the temperature of +4ºС on phosphate buffer 0.15 М with pH 7.8. Protein-free extract was obtained by adding exact amount of brain tissue homogenate into perchloric acid (0.6 M) followed by neutalization by 5.0 M of potassium carbonate. To study thiol-sulfide system activity in the rat brain tissue homogenate, levels of reduced and oxidized thiols and glutathione, and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GP) and glutathione reductase (GR) were determined. Content of total SH-groups were measured by spectrophotometry [8]. Concentration of reduced and oxidized glutathione was measured by fluorometry [9]. Activity of TDS enzymes – GP and GR – was measured by spectrophotometry [10]. Content of methionine and cysteine in the homogenate was measured by chromatography [8]. Also, using biochemical methods, content of protein oxidative modification products was measured in the brain homogenate by levels of aldehyde (APhH) and carboxyle (KphH) products [11]. Statistical data processing was carried out by means of Statistica 6.0 software package; comparative group analysis was performed by means of one-way analysis of variance ANOVA using Newman–Keuls test for multiple comparisons. Differences with р<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Found that the development of hyperglycemia in experimental animals was accompanied by destabilization of the glutathione system (increased levels of oxidized glutathione and a sharp decrease in its activity and reduced forms of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase), energy shortages and rising levels of markers protein oxidative modification products – aldehyde (APhH) and carboxyle (KphH) products. Proved that the course administration thiocetam and Roncoleukin contributed to the normalization of activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, levels stabilize energy phosphates (ATP, ADP, AMP) and protein oxidative modification products figures, the maximum activity was observed for Roncoleukin. Keywords: interleukin-2, Roncoleukin, experimental alloxan diabetes, glutathione.
CТРУКТУРНЫЕ ПАРАМЕТРЫ СИЛИКАГЕЛЯ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ ЕГО СИНТЕЗА
2017
The relationship between the temperature of silicic acid gel deposition and the structure of silica formed, has been studied. It has been shown that, with increasing deposition temperature of silicic acid gel, structural parameters of silica samples obtained change greatly. The mechanism of structure formation has been considered and the main causes responsible for this process have been identified. It has been found that with increasing concentration of sodium silicate solution at constant precipitation temperature, the sorption capacity of samples increases while the specific surface area decreases. It has been shown that treatment of washed silica gel in boiling water improves its adsorption capacity and reduces its specific surface.В работе впервые изучено формирование структуры силикагеля в зависимости от температуры осаждения кремнегеля. Показано, что с ростом температуры осаждения кремнегеля структурные параметры полученных образцов силикагеля сильно изменяются. Рассмотрен ме...
ЕЩЕ РАЗ ОБ ОТКРЫТИИ И ИССЛЕДОВАНИИ ПЕТРОГЛИФОВ ГОЛОЦЕНОВОГО ПЕРИОДА ГРОТА ЭМБА (ТОЛЕУБУЛАК) В М
Kazakhstan Archeology, 2020
В статье затрагиваются вопросы об авторстве, истории открытия грота Эмба (Толеубулак), а также приводятся данные о многочисленных палеолитических стоянках и местонахождениях региона, обозначены перспективы дальнейших исследований археологических памятников. Основная цель археологической экспедиции Института археологии им. А. Х. Маргулана с участием заинтересованных специалистов управления культуры и историко-краеведческого музея Актюбинской области, Национального музея РК в 2020 г. заключалась в повторном обследовании грота Эмба (Толеубулак) и его окрестностей, разработке плана и включения наиболее ярких памятников археологии в туристические маршруты в рамках Государственной программы «Тұган жер». В статье приводятся новые сведения о результатах исследования памятника в 2020 г.