Mumps outbreak in Jerusalem affecting mainly male adolescents (original) (raw)
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Ongoing mumps outbreak in Israel, January to August 2017
Eurosurveillance
In Israel, 262 mumps cases were registered between 1 January and 28 August 2017 despite a vaccine coverage of ≥ 96%. The majority (56.5%) of cases were adolescents and young adults between 10 and 24 years of age. Nearly twice as many cases were reported in males than in females. Sequence information identified genotype G and suggested specific transmission chains in different religious communities, with the Muslim population in Jerusalem being most severely affected.
2015
Mumps is a contagious disease occurring worldwide and affecting all age groups. There is no specific treatment for mumps. Mumps can be prevented by immunization using MMR. The study aimed to describe the epidemiology of the mumps outbreak, to identify the community factors favoring a mumps outbreak and to describe the public health actions taken and the lessons learned during the outbreak. This study was a cross sectional study including all notified cases of mumps in Gaza strip (GS) during the year 2013. During the year 2013, a total of 1891 clinically diagnosed mumps cases were reported with an overall incidence of 116/100000. The majority of cases 1181 (62.5%) were male. Age varied from one year to 83 years with a mean age of 13.7 years. 1708 (90.3%) of cases occurred among children aged 6 to 15 years who received only one dose of mumps vaccine. Geographically, the disease occurred mainly in Khan-Younes governorate (53.4%) followed by Mid-Zone governorate (28%). Different complic...
Mumps outbreak in Israel's highly vaccinated society: are two doses enough?
Epidemiology and Infection
Mumps outbreaks in recent years have given rise to questions about the effectiveness of the mumps vaccine. This study examined the epidemiological data from a recent mumps outbreak in Israel and from outbreaks in other countries with high vaccination coverage, and considered whether long-established vaccination policies designed to protect against mumps are in need of revision. Of over 5000 case patients in the Israeli outbreak, half of whom were in the Jerusalem health district, nearly 40% were aged ≥15 years and, of those whose vaccination status was known, 78% had been fully vaccinated for their age - features similar to those in recent mumps outbreaks in Europe and North America. The epidemiological and laboratory evidence suggests that many previously vaccinated adolescents and young adults are now susceptible to mumps because their vaccine-based immunity has waned. Booster vaccination programmes for those at high risk of infection during mumps outbreaks - particularly those in...
Vaccine, 2011
Background and aims: Despite the high national vaccination coverage, a large outbreak of mumps occurred in Israel, in 2009-2010, with onset and heavy transmission in ultraorthodox Jewish communities and further country-wide spread. We examined the sero-prevalence of mumps antibodies in the subpopulations subsequently affected by this large mumps outbreak, compared with the general population. Methods: The study was conducted in ultraorthodox Jewish communities, in Jerusalem district (N = 251), in Bnei Brak city in Tel Aviv district (N = 453), and in the general population (N = 1846), using residual sera of 1-20 year old subjects. Mumps IgG antibodies were measured using Enzygnost anti-parotitis virus IgG ELISA kit. Results: Mumps sero-positivity was significantly lower in Jerusalem: 51.8% (95% CI 51.9-61.0), and Bnei Brak: 56.5% (95% CI 45.6-57.9), than in the general population: 68.1% (95% CI 66.0-70.2). Sero-positivity increased with age, however in Jerusalem it was substantially low (46%) in the age group 10-20 years. This age group comprised a significant portion of mumps patients in the 2009-2010 outbreak. Conclusions: Low immunity levels, combined with overcrowding and social mixing, were the main predisposing factors of the enhanced epidemic transmission of mumps in the ultraorthodox Jewish communities and further country-wide spread.
Vaccine, 2011
Background: A recent mumps outbreak in Israel despite an ongoing national program of a 2-dose universal childhood vaccination policy since 1988, raised questions regarding population immunity among young adults. Objective: To assess the seroprevalence of mumps antibodies among young Israeli adults born after 1987 in order to determine evidence based vaccination policy. Methods: We conducted a seroprevalence study of mumps IgG antibodies among 441 Israeli adults born in 1988-9, based on a representative sample of sera collected upon recruitment to mandatory military service in 2007. Results: The overall seroprevalence of IgG antibody to mumps virus among 1988-9 born was 83.7%, 82.1% among males and 85.7% among females. Seroprevalence among 2007 recruits was similar to 1999 recruits (83.3%, P = 0.89) and significantly lower than 1987 recruits (94.1%, P < 0.0001). The absolute decrease between 2007 and 1987 for males was 13.1% (P < 0.0001) and for females 7.0% (P = 0.02). Seroprevalence was not significantly higher among native Israelis (84.9%) than among young adults born in the Commonwealth of Independent States (81.1%, P = 0.46) and significantly higher compared to young adults born in Western Europe or North America (68.2%, P = 0.045). Conclusions: Our findings indicate sub-optimal population seroprevalence despite a 2-dose universal childhood vaccination policy. This study allows better understanding of current mumps outbreaks in Israel and elsewhere following periods of low circulation of wild virus. These findings support mumps vaccination, even for populations and individuals that received two doses during childhood, as means for outbreak containment among young adults, especially in crowded settings, and serve as a reminder to the need for dynamic vaccination policy, supported by health promotion activities.
Update: Mumps Outbreak—New York and New Jersey, June 2009 to January 2010
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
State and local health departments, in collaboration with CDC, continue to investigate a mumps outbreak that began in New York in June 2009 (1). The index case occurred in a boy aged 11 years who had returned on June 17 from a trip to the United Kingdom, where approximately 7,400 reports of laboratory-confirmed mumps were received by the Health Protection Agency in 2009.* He then attended a New York summer camp for tradition-observant Jewish boys, where he became symptomatic on June 28. Subsequently, other camp attendees and a staff member were reported to have mumps, and transmission continued in multiple locations when the camp attendees returned home.
Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2013
During 2009-2010, a large US mumps outbreak occurred affecting two-dose vaccinated 9th-12th grade Orthodox Jewish boys attending all-male yeshivas (private, traditional Jewish schools). Our objective was to understand mumps transmission dynamics in this well-vaccinated population. We surveyed 9th-12th grade male yeshivas in Brooklyn, NY with reported mumps case-students between 9/1/2009 and 3/30/2010. We assessed vaccination coverage, yeshiva environmental factors (duration of school day, density, mixing, duration of contact), and whether environmental factors were associated with increased mumps attack rates. Ten yeshivas comprising 1769 9th-12th grade students and 264 self-reported mumps cases were included. The average yeshiva attack rate was 14.5% (median: 13.5%, range: 1-31%), despite two-dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccine coverage between 90-100%. School duration was 9-15.5 h/day; students averaged 7 h face-to-face/day with 1-4 study partners. Average daily mean density was 6....
Characterization of Large Mumps Outbreak among Vaccinated Palestinian Refugees
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2009
During a large mumps virus (MuV) outbreak which occurred in the Palestinian refugee camps of the West Bank, 68.1% (2,636/3,871) of the cases were vaccinated with one dose of trivalent measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Attack rates by camp ranged from less than 1 case per 1,000 people in the population to 43/1,000 (overall, 11/1,000). The outbreak lasted . To control the outbreak, a mass MMR vaccination campaign was conducted in May 2005. Evaluation of the immune status of cases (n ؍ 59) and healthy controls (n ؍ 51) revealed high levels of mumps immunoglobulin G (IgG) and a low MuV-specific IgM in clinical cases indicative of a booster immune response. This suggested a secondary rather than a primary infection due to the insufficient protection conferred by the single vaccine dose included in the vaccination program. This prediction was further confirmed by the low seroprevalence (68.6%) found in the healthy control group, which was below the threshold level required for MuV herd immunity. Mumps diagnosis was established mainly by reverse transcription-PCR in clinical samples obtained within 48 h from the onset of disease. Of the parotid fluids and nasopharyngeal aspirates analyzed, 92% were positive for MuV RNA, while only 33% of the urine samples were positive. Phylogenetic analysis of the MuV SH gene identified the outbreak strain as the H genotype, which has been in circulation worldwide at least since 1989.