Delineating rockmass damage zones in blasting from in-field seismic velocity and peak particle velocity measurement (original) (raw)
Related papers
Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances, 2024
Research and determination of the blasting damage zone around the profile of tunnels or underground structures is a platform that would serve to confirm or correct blasting parameters and underground assemblies, that is, geotechnical and main tunnel projects. From the obtained research, the stability of the excavation profile, as well as the safety risk for equipment and personnel on the construction site, would be better understood. Considering the importance of the size of the damage zone of the rock mass in terms of its influence on stability, the amount of primary support elements required to achieve the stability of the excavated space, and the additional costs of stabilization of the excavation and the safety of people and equipment, the aforementioned problem was investigated and processed for specific cases and for the rock mass characteristic for the location in question. From the described research, the change in the elastic characteristics of the rock mass and the depth of the damage zone around the tunnel excavation profile were measured and calculated.
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
Quarry blasting operations are necessary to supply raw materials; nevertheless they produce ground vibration stresses in the foundations of the nearby structures and may affect their stability. Subsequently, estimation of the stress-strain levels can help the engineers to evaluate safety possibilities of the high wall slopes or the nearby structures. In the present study, shallow seismic refraction surveys have been carried out in Bani Khalid quarry to determine the velocity of the compression and shear waves of the quarry area. These seismic wave velocities have been used to identify the dynamic elastic constants such as Poisson's ratio, modulus of elasticity, and shear modulus. Ground vibration measurements, another set of field measurements, include recording of the three mutually perpendicular components of the peak particle velocities induced by the blasting operations in the quarry. The results of these measurements and calculations have been employed to estimate the normal and shear stresses and strains induced by the quarry blasting operations.
Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2016
In the recent decades, effects of blast loads on natural and man-made structures have gained considerable attention due to increase in threat from various man-made activities. Site-specific empirical relationships for calculation of blast-induced vibration parameters like peak particle velocity (PPV) and peak particle displacement (PPD) are commonly used for estimation of blast loads in design. However, these relationships are not able to consider the variation in rock parameters and uncertainty of in situ conditions. In this paper, a total of 1089 published blast data of various researchers in different rock sites have been collected and used to propose generalized empirical model for PPV by considering the effects of rock parameters like unit weight, rock quality designation (RQD), geological strength index (GSI), and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS). The proposed PPV model has a good correlation coefficient and hence it can be directly used in prediction of blast-induced vibrations in rocks. Standard errors and coefficient of correlations of the predicted blast-induced vibration parameters are obtained with respect to the observed field data. The proposed empirical model for PPV has also been compared with the empirical models available for blast vibrations predictions given by other researchers and found to be in good agreement with specific cases.
A new damage criteria norm for blast-induced ground vibrations in Turkey
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2014
Environmental problems such as vibration and air blast are often faced and discussed in mining, quarrying, civil construction, shaft tunnel, pipeline, and dam operations, where blasting is inevitable. It is necessary to establish national standards in order to minimize environmental problems induced by blasting and judicial matters in our country as it is in the USA, European Union (EU) countries, and other developed countries. This necessity and the obligation of Turkey, which has started the procedure of joining the EU, to accept EU criteria emphasize the importance of this study. In other words, the establishment of a particular national standard related with this subject is inevitable for Turkey. This will be possible only by studying and applying scientific methods and techniques by experts. This paper presents a new damage criterion norm for blast-induced ground vibrations in Turkey. In this study, first, numerous vibration records were taken in blasting operations performed at different sites and rock units. For these rock units, particle velocity predictions and frequency analysis were done. At the same time, structures in the neighborhoods of these blasts were also observed and investigated. Finally, a damage criterion norm based on risk analysis was established and proposed by using these collected data. In light of the norm to be obtained from the data that were collected in the research, it will lead the excavation work in our country to be performed in such way that they are more effective and will cause minimum environmental problems.
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2014
This study addresses the effects of rock characteristics and blasting design parameters on blast-induced vibrations in the Kangal open-pit coal mine, the Tülü open-pit boron mine, and the Kırka open-pit boron mine. In this study, multiple vibration measurements have been conducted, and the related data have been analyzed and evaluated. Several artificial neural network (ANN) and regression models based on the same blasting design parameters, resistivity, and Pwave and S wave velocities of the surrounding rocks have been constructed to estimate the peak particle velocities and the frequencies of related blast-induced vibrations. The data derived from these models and the classical evaluations indicate that ANNs provide more reliable results than the other methods.
A Review of the Mechanism, Effects and Control of Ground Vibration Associated With Rock Blasting
Ground vibration is one of the major devastating effects of blasting. Blasting is a term that is synonymous with mining of economic minerals, quarryingand engineering works where it is being used to construct underground tunnels (tunneling). In Nigeria, individuals, companies and cooperate bodies have commercialized mineral extraction through small scale and sometimes large scale mining activities which are usually accompanied by rock blasting. Chippings from crushed rock is a product of rock blasting commonly used for construction of engineering structures such as roads, bridges and houses. In general, the overall economic benefits of rock blasting outweigh the adverse effects, but notwithstanding, rock blasting as a practice does not only alter the serenity of a natural environment but induces ground vibration in the earth. This however causesenvironmental degradation and high level of destruction to structures on the surface. Its effects include: shock waves, crack walls and sometimes landslide. The windows, rooftops and glass doors of most buildings are usually destroyed while the residents of such communities are left to battle with noise pollution resulting from air blast. Ground vibration is widely reported as one of the major components of environmental pollution. During geophysicalexploration, a form of blasting known as seismic blasting is the fundamental method used in seismic data acquisition for hydrocarbon and mineral exploration. This, also induces vibration in the ground through the passage of seismic waves. However, if the blast planis carefully designed and blast parameters appropriately chosen, these effects can be controlled. This paper therefore, seeks to highlight the mechanism, effects and control of ground vibration associated with rock blasting.
Experimental investigation of the seismic effects during blasting works
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2020
The interested part of dynamic analysis is the blasting work effects propagation through soil. This type of the dynamic load can be significant when the soil structure dynamic interaction hasn´t favourable conditions. It can cause structural failures on buildings. The main aim of the paper is to investigate how we can estimate the magnitudes of the seismic waves during blasting works. The results are based on experimental studies.
Environmental Earth Sciences, 2008
Ground vibrations arising from excavation with blasting is one of the fundamental problems in the mining industry. Therefore, the prediction of ground vibration components plays an important role in the minimization of environmental complaints. In this study, 582 events were recorded during limestone production at a quarry (Akyol Quarry) during a period of time. The blasting parameters of these shots were also carefully recorded. During the statistical analysis of the collected data, three predictor equations proposed by the United States Bureau of Mines (USBM), Ambraseys–Hendron and Langefors–Kihlstrom were used to establish a relationship between peak particle velocity and scaled distance described by these prediction equations. As a result of this analysis, the most powerful relationship was determined and proposed to be used in this site. And also, this equation was used in the derivation of the practical blasting charts specific to this site as a practical way of predicting the peak particle velocity and maximum charge amount per delay for future blasting.
Application of Seismic Parameters for Estimation of Destress Blasting Effectiveness
Procedia Engineering, 2017
Coal seams in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin are currently extracted under more and more disadvantageous geological and mining conditions. Mining depth, geological dislocations and mining remnants are factors which affect the rockburst hazard during underground mining to the greatest extent. This hazard can be minimized by employment of active rockburst prevention, where long-hole destress blasts in roof rocks (torpedo blasts) have an important role. The main goal of these blastings is to either destress local stress concentrations in rock mass and to fracture the thick layers of strong roof rocks to prevent or minimize the impact of high energy tremors on the excavations. Sometimes, these blastings are performed to make the roof rocks caving behind the longwall face easier. The efficiency of blasting is typically evaluated from the seismic effect, which is calculated based on seismic monitoring data (seismic energy) and the weight of the charged explosive. This method, as used previously in the Czech Republic, was adopted in a selected Polish hard coal mine in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. This method enables rapid and easy estimation of destress blasting effectiveness, adjusted to conditions occurring in the designed colliery. Destress blasts effectiveness may be evaluated via the seismic source parameters analysis as well, as was carried out in the selected colliery in the Polish part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. These parameters provide information, for example, on its size, state of stress and occurrence of slip mechanism in the source of provoked tremors. Long-hole destress blasting effectiveness in selected colliery has been evaluated using the seismic effect method and seismic source parameters analysis. The results were compared with each other and conditions were observed in situ.