Oilseed Meals as Dietary Protein Sources for Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of Science and Technology (Ghana), 2016
The suitability of different mixtures of soybean meal (SBM), cottonseed meal (CSM) and groundnut cake (GNC) as ingredients to replace fish meal in the diets of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.), was evaluated over a 56-day growth period. Nine isonitrogenous (320 g.kg-1), isolipidic (100 g.kg-1) and isoenergetic (18 KJ.g-1) test diets were formulated in which different mixture combinations of SBM, CSM and GNC proteins replaced fish meal (FM) protein at levels of 50% and 75%. The control diet had FM as the sole protein source. Fish were fed at 6-4% body weight per day. The growth experiment was conducted in plastic tanks in a recirculation system. Each dietary treatment was in triplicate. Growth performance and feed utilization of fish fed with the oilseed meal mixtures indicated that up to 50% replacement could be more effective than a single source for the substitution of fish meal in tilapia diets. This was particularly evident with the diet containing equal proportions of all oilseed meals (EQ50). Combination of oilseed meals in different proportions was more effective than the single individual sources. This could be due to a compensatory effect which led to some reduction of antinutritional factors coupled with improved essential amino acid profile in the diet as a result of mixing.
Protein Quality of Rations for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Containing Oilseed Meals
Journal of Agricultural Science, 2020
Considering price as the main limiting factor in the use of animal proteins, this study evaluated the protein quality of diets for Nile tilapia containing oilseed meals as replacements of fishmeal. A control diet (FMBD) (30% crude protein and 2900 Kcal DE/kg) was formulated using fishmeal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM) and sunflower meal (SFM). The test diets SBBD, CMBD and SFBD were formulated by replacing 10% CP of FM by SBM, CM and SFM, respectively. The amino acid profile was determined by MPA FT-NIR spectrometer (Bruker, Germany). Fishmeal recorded higher levels (p < 0.05) of lysine (7.81 mg/100 g), methionine (2.89 mg/100 g), arginine (5.87 mg/100 g), threonine (4.28 mg/100 g) and isoleucine (4.55 mg/100 g). The chemical score for all essential amino acid in fishmeal were higher than 100. Sunflower meal was a superior (p < 0.05) protein source with an essential amino acid index (EAAI) of 1.14 compared to CM (0.80) and SBM (0.70). Substituting FM with SBM, CM ...
Tilapia culture is widely practiced in tropical and subtropical regions with an annual growth rate of 12% thanks to their high growth rate, disease resistance, and low trophic feeding levels. The increase of aquaculture production has doubled the demand for fishmeal, which has been the most preferred protein ingredient for decades. The provisions of fishmeal are not adequate to sustain the current growth rate of aquaculture industry. Studies have demonstrated possibilities of substituting fishmeal with alternative sources without affecting fish performance. This paper argues the possibility of complete replacement of fishmeal with the alternative dietary protein sources such as terrestrial animal by-products, oilseed plants, single cell proteins and plant protein rich derivatives. The nutritive values of these sources are also discussed. Blood meal and meat and bone meal are perfect fishmeal replacers in tilapia feeds thanks to their high protein and essential amino acid profiles. Soybean meal and cottonseed meal are the best plant protein sources in terms of protein and amino acid contents. Plant proteins could be supplemented with cheap minerals instead of expensive amino acids to produce superior results. The use of aquatic plants and single cell proteins in tilapia feeds should be carefully evaluated because of the varying, and sometimes conflicting results. Both biological and economic evaluations of fishmeal replacers should be studied. More long-term evaluations should be conducted in practical culture systems rather than laboratories. In conclusion, tilapia producers should consider the unconventional dietary sources because complete replacement of fishmeal in tilapia diets is scientifically possible.
Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 2023
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional adequacy and suitability of rice polish and mustard oil cake as protein sources in the diet of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). To assess the growth performance and feed utilization of Nile Tilapia, three diets containing rice polish (0, 8, and 16%) and mustard oil cake (8, 16, and 24%) were formulated and fed to the fish over a period of 60 days. According to the findings, the growth performance tended to decline as the levels of rice polish and mustard oil cake increased. The control diet (30% Fish meal) resulted in the highest weight gain (373.79±49.78%), whereas the diet (20% Fish meal) resulted in the least weight gain (341.24±27.23%). The specific growth rate (SGR) followed the same pattern, and there were no statistically significant differences in SGR between diets (p>0.05). At the end of this trial, the feed intake (FI) of the various diets ranged between 32.37 g and 37.78 g per fish. Although feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were not significantly different among diets (p>0.05), feed intake decreased as the incorporation of rice polish increased.
Journal of Biology and Life Science
The study is a contribution to the development of a feed for juvenile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, from local raw materials in order to reduce the cost of feeding farmed tilapia in Senegal. Three feeds were formulated from local raw materials. The basic composition of the tested feeds is as follows: A1 (peanut meal, rice bran, millet bran, maize meal and no fish meal); A2 (peanut meal, rice bran, millet bran, maize meal and 10% fish meal) and A3 (peanut meal, rice bran, millet bran, maize meal and 25% fish meal). All feeds contain 31% protein. The trial compared three batches, in 2 replicates, with different diets. The initial weight of the juveniles was 0.37± 0.5g. The daily ration was distributed at 9 am and 4 pm. After 90 days of experiment, the final mean weights were 2.45 ± 0.5g; 2.75±0.5g; and 4.67 ± 0.5g for A1, A2, and A3, respectively. A performance test, of which the objective was to compare growth parameters, was conducted. The results of the growth parameters of juveni...
Aquaculture research, 2003
A plant protein mixture (PPM) was tested to replace ¢sh meal (FM) in diets for juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish averaging (7SD) 3.770.14 g were divided into 15 groups. Three groups were fed each of ¢ve isonitrogenous (33.6%) and isocaloric (4.7 kcal g À 1 ) diets replacing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the FM protein with similar percentages of PPM (PPM0, PPM25, PPM50, PPM75 or PPM100 respectively). The PPM consisted of 25% soybean meal, 25% cottonseed meal, 25% sun£ower meal and 25% linseed meal, and 0.5% of both methionine and lysine were added to each diet except for the control. After 16 weeks of feeding, the ¢sh fed diets PPM75 and PPM100 exhibited growth performance not di¡ering signi¢cantly from the ¢sh fed control diet. PPM substitution of up to 75% of the FM protein did not result in di¡erences in the apparent protein digestibility compared with the control, whereas in the PPM100 group digestibility was signi¢cantly lower than in the other groups, except for ¢sh fed the PPM75 diet. The incorporation of PPM in diets did not signi¢cantly a¡ect whole-body dry matter, protein, fat or energy compared with the control. The cost^bene¢t analyses of the test diets indicated that the PPM diets were economically superior to FM. The protein from PPM can completely replace the FM protein in the diets for Nile tilapia, based on the results of this study.
2016
Jatropha curcas is an upcoming oil-seed plant with increasing cultivation area each year throughout the tropics. After de-oiling the seeds, a protein-rich meal (JKM) is left behind, which has a similar amino acid composition and content compared to fishmeal. To test JKM as an alternative protein source, a mixed diet was formulated in which 25% of the total dietary protein was derived from fishmeal and the rest from soybean meal, rice bran and wheat meal (control). Three further isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets replacing 30%, 70% or 100%, respectively, of the fishmeal protein with JKM were produced and fed to juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for 8 weeks. There were no significant differences in growth parameters between all treatments containing JKM, however, regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation of JKM content to final weight and specific growth rate. The 70% and 100% replacement levels showed higher body lipid and significantly lower ash ...
… -WIEN AND MUNCHEN …, 2006
Nutrition is vital in fish farming because feed costs represent 40-50 % of the total variable production costs (SHANG, 1992; CRAIG and HELFRICH, 2002). For several decades, fishmeal has been used as the main source of protein in fish feeds (TACON and JACKSON, 1985; TACON, 1993; EL-SAIDY and GABER, 2004; ALCESTE and JORY, 2000). However, the periodically occurring low availability, competition and continuously fluctuating prices of fish-meal are affecting aquaculture feed production and consequently the profitability (WATANABE, 1988; WATANABE and PONGMANEERAT, 1991; LIM and DOMINAY, 1990). As a result, a lot of effort has been focussed on feed alternatives to fishmeal both from plant and animal protein sources (EL
This work was conducted in the regional laboratory for food and feed, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt, in a closed recirculation water system for 12 weeks to determine the effect of replacing 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% soybean meal and yellow corn in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets by Distillers Dried Grains (DDGS) with and without enzyme (Ameco Zyme 2x, 0.25g/kg). Therefore, nine isonitrogenous (30% CP) and isocaloric (3200 kcal GE/kg) experimental diets were formulated, D1, repsant the (control). In the other experimental diets, soybean meal and yellow corn mixture was replaced with DDGS at a rate of 10% (D2), 20% (D3), 30% (D4), 40% (D5), 10% DDGS+ Enzyme (D6), 20% DDGS+Enzyme (D7), 30% DDGS+ Enzyme (D8) and 40% DDGS+ Enzyme (D9). A total number of 405 tilapia fry (0.98 g±0.01) were randomly distributed into 27 tanks (60 liters each) at a stocking rate of 15 fry/tank. After 84 days from the experiment start no significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in survival rate, the highest specific growth rate (3.5 %/day) was recorded for fish feed D7, while fish fed D5 showed the lowest value (2.83 %/ day). The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was occurred when fish fed D6 or D7 while the worst value was recorded by fish group fed D5. Protein efficiency ratios (PER) were found to be high when fish were fed diets containing enzyme. Body crude protein content for fish fed D1, D2, D6 or D7 were significantly higher than the other diets while fish group fed D5 showed the highest significant (P<0.05) body fat content compared to fish fed the other diets. The obtained results refers to the possibilities of replacing soybean meal and yellow corn mixture in the control diets with DDGS up to 20% without enzyme and up to 30% with enzyme addition.
Journal of Animal Research and Nutrition
Objective: This study assessed the potential of three widely-available local oilseed byproducts, soybean (SBM), copra (CM) and palm kernel meals (PKM) as partial replacements of fishmeal in Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) diets in terms of their digestibility and effects on growth and nutrient utilization. Methods: Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) were determined using chromic oxide as an inert marker in test diets formulated to contain 30% of each of the test ingredients by weight and 70% of a fishmeal-based reference diet. The 8-week growth trial evaluated the effects of partial replacements of fishmeal by the oilseed byproducts at different dietary inclusions. The soybean meal diets were formulated with the soybean meal contributing 25% (SBM25) and 50% (SBM50) of total dietary protein. Copra and palm kernel meals each contributed 10 (CM10 and PKM10) and 20% (CM20 and PKM20) of total dietary protein in their respective diets. The test diets were compared to a control diet with fishmeal as the sole protein source. Results: Nutrient digestibilities of the test ingredients were generally significantly higher for the soybean meal than the copra and palm kernel meals. The ADCs of the soybean, copra and palm kernel meals were; protein, 90.57%, 69.36% and 61.12; lipid, 96.14%, 95.64% and 95.85%; fibre, 96.74%, 77.61% and 55.07% and energy, 91.99%, 73.61% and 75.14% respectively. All the dietary treatment groups recorded significant growth at the end of the trials with the fish in the control and SBM25 groups more than tripling their respective mean initial weights. All the other treatment groups more than doubled their mean initial body weights. Daily growth rates ranged from 1.40% day-1 for the PKM20 group to 2.26% day-1 for the control group. Conclusion: The study has shown that the test ingredients can partially replace fishmeal in Nile tilapia diets without considerably compromising diet digestibility and carcass traits although higher dietary levels of the oilseed byproducts negatively affects growth.