Physiological Impacts Of Using Clove Powder As Fish Anesthetic On Young Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.) Under Different Levels Of Temperatures (original) (raw)
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This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of clove powder as anaesthetic and its effect on some haematological parameters of hybrid (Heterobranchus bidorsalis ♀ x C. gariepinus ♂) juveniles. Different concentrations of 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, and 130 mg/l were exposed to 108 healthy fish of mean weight 20.38 ± 3.30 g and total length 14.33 ± 2.50 cm for 30 min at the Fisheries Laboratory CRUTECH, Obubra campus. The fish behaviour was observed, the time to become completely immobilized and recovery from anaesthesia were recorded at the various stages with a stopwatch. Fish that were exposed to less than 100 mg/l clove powder reached Stage 3, but did not reach Stage 4 (complete immobilization) during the 30 min evaluation period. At the highest concentration of clove powder of 130 mg/l fish are anaesthetized (Stage 4) in less than 3 min and regained their normal position in more than 24 min. Fish exposed to higher concentrations above 100 mg/l took longer time to achieve recovery. The time to achieve recovery had a positive response to dose. The value of Red blood cell (RBC) shows a significant decrease while White blood cell count (WBC) with increase in the concentration of clove powder, then the haematological indices showed a significant increase in the values of (MCV) and Mean corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) while MCHC was not significantly different from the control (p < 0.05). The mean values of lymphocytes significantly increased whereas, neutrophil, monocytes, basophil, and eosinophil did not differ from the control. Result from this study suggests that, the use of clove powder at the concentration of 120 mg/l will completely induced deep anaesthesia without significant changes in the haematological parameters.
2013
The effects of Clove Seed extracts as anaesthetic agents in two species of grey mullets Liza Falcipinnis and Liza grandisquamis were assessed. A total of 120 of these species comprising 60 L. Falcipinnis with 30 each of fingerlings (mean length 9.86cm ± 1.11 SD: mean weight 21.20g ± 2.10 SD) and juveniles (mean length 17.24cm ±1.88 SD; mean weight 66.24g ± 4.24SD) and 60 L. grandisquamis also consists of 30 each of fingerlings (mean length 10.24cm ± 1.92 SD; mean weight 23.41 ± 2.21 SD) and juveniles (mean length 18.21cm ±SD; mean weight 71.21g ± 4.12 SD) were sampled from the recruitment ponds at African Regional Aquaculture Center, (ARAC), Buguma, Rivers State and were exposed to clove seed extracts at different concentrations of 0.0mg/L (control), 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 and 25.0mg/L. The results obtained indicated a size related response, to Clove seed extracts. The induction time in both species were found to decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as the concentrations of the clov...
The Anesthetic Effects of Clove Essence in Persian Sturgeon, Acipenser persicus
2010
2 Abstract: This work was carried out in order to examine the efficacy of clove essence as an anesthetic on Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus. Also an experiment was carried out to investigate if clove essence anesthesia suppressed the normal plasma cortisol and increased glucose level in this species or not. The Effects of clove essence on hematological parameters (Hb, Hct and WBC) was examined as well. Three different concentrations of clove essence (200, 300, 400 ppm) combined the two water temperature (20 and 25°C) were assessed. From one trial (concentration: 300ppt and temperature: 25°C), blood samples were taken on 0 (immediately upon placement in recovery tank), 1,6,24 and 72 hours post recovery in order to evaluat e physiological responses. Results indicated that anesthetizing with different concentrations of clove essence (200, 300, 400 ppm) combined the water temperature (20 and 25°C) rapidly occurred in less than 1.5 minute after exposure to the clove essence. After 7...
Application of Clove Oil as Anesthetic for Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer Bloch)
Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 2006
The objective of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of clove oil as an anesthetic in sea bass (Lates calcarifer) and the potential application of clove oil as anesthetic to facilitate the sea bass fry transportation. Acute toxicity test indicated the 24-hr LC 50 value of clove oil in sea bass fry as 30 ppm with slope function of 1.079 (1.05 to 1.107). In efficacy test, fish were exposed to 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ppm of clove oil for 15 minutes. At 5 ppm, clove oil caused only sedation effect (partial loss of reaction to external stimuli) while at 20 ppm, fish entered anesthesia stage (failure to respond to external stimuli) within about 3 minutes. Fish recovered from a 15-min period of exposure in 20 ppm clove oil within less than 10 minutes following removal from the anesthetic solution. There was neither mortality nor abnormal behavior of fish during 15-min exposure of clove oil as well as during 7 days post recovery from anesthesia. The potential application of clove oil as an aid in the transport of sea bass fry in plastic bag was also investigated. At 5 ppm, clove oil could reduce activities of the fish without loss of equilibrium (sedation stage) during the 4 hour simulated transport at 50 fish per 1,000 ml sea water (15 ppt). At 20 ppm, clove oil caused loss of equilibrium in fish resulting in the anesthesia stage throughout the 4 hour period. However, there was no improvement on survival rate and fish behavior with the use of clove oil during and after this 4 hour transport. Simulated transport at 50 fish per 500 ml sea water (15 ppt) for 8 hour did show better significant survival rate with additional of 5 and 20 ppm clove oil. In both short and long term transport study, clove oil did show the benefit by reducing the fish activities judging from the reduction of oxygen consumption, ammonia and carbon dioxide levels. Addition of appropriate concentration of clove oil in transport water ensured that the fish would stay calm by reducing fish activity and therefore, prevented any drastic changes of water qualities.
Tikrit journal for agricultural sciences
This study aimed to demonstrate how different fish weights and clove powder concentration levels together influence anesthesia and recovery time in Cyprinus carpio. Two different body weights classes of common carp (45±5g and 95±5g) were subjected to three concentrations of clove powder (200, 300 and 400mg/L) each replicated four times. At each treatment combination, the anesthetic induction and recovery times were recorded, fish held for a period of one week to two months following the experiments to assess short-term and long-term mortality. Significant differences (P<0.05) appeared in the effect of combination between the different levels of clove powder (mg/L) with the two different weight common carp (C. carpio L.) on anesthesia time, but there was no difference in recovery time between the two size groups. The induction time was less than one minute for doses of 300 and 400 mg/L in lower fish weight 45±5g while in 200mg/L dose with 95±5g of fish weight it needed more than 9...
The intensive nature of aquaculture has subjected fish to a number of stressors in the culture medium, anesthetics are widely used to minimize the issue of stress during farming operations and activities. Clove oil is a well known, established and acceptable anesthetics commonly used in aquaculture, this anesthetics is not readily available in developing countries, thus leaving the fish farmers with option of using the locally available plant extracts as anesthetic agent in fish culture. This study therefore assessed the efficacy of aqueous extracts of clove seed and its effect on hematological parameters of the fish.
The efficacy of clove powder as anaesthetic agent on C. gariepinus and Heterobranchus bidorsalis fingerlings was investigated in this study and the water quality parameters of the test solutions also determined. The time of induction and recovery for various stages and concentrations was recorded in minutes using a stop watch. The concentrations used for the anaesthesia bioassay were 60, 70, 80, 100, 120, and 140mg/l. The water quality parameters examined after 30mins did not differ (P<0.05) from those of control hence may not have contributed to the observed behaviour of the test fish. Fingerlings exposed to 60 and 70mg/l had partial anaesthesia and did not achieved stage 4(deep anaesthesia) after 30mins. Those exposed to concentration above 70mg/l were completely immobilized (deep anaesthesia) within 3-10mins depending on concentration. The mean time under each concentration increased significantly (P<0.05) from stages 1-4. The various stages of induction and recovery of C. gariepinus were higher than those of H. bidorsalis except induction stages 1 and 3 and recovery stage 3. Increasing concentration proportionally decrease the induction time but increase the time required for full recovery. An ideal anaesthetic must have among other qualities quick induction and slightly longer recovery time to allow for varied manipulation as desirable. In this study clove powder at 120 and 140 mg/l induced deep anaesthesia in less than 5mins with a recovery time of 25-27mins, making it an ideal anaesthestic for African clarrid fingerlings.
Aquaculture International, 2000
Acute toxicity and anesthetic effects of clove oil were studied in P. semisulcatus (1.8-2.1 g body weight). The EC 50 1-h (the concentration effective for 50% of test animals), LC 50 1-h (the concentration lethal to 50% of test animals after 1 h) and LC 50 24-h (the concentration lethal to 50% of test animals after 24 h) were calculated at concentrations of 25, 130 and 30 mg/l, respectively, at 30 • C, salinity 40 ppt, pH 8.6 and dissolved oxygen >6 mg/l. Generally, with increasing concentrations of clove oil, the times required for sedation and anesthesia decreased, while the recovery times increased. At concentrations 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/l under temperature of 30 • C and salinity of 40 ppt, the times required for sedation were 6 ± 0.2, 2.5 ± 0.3, 2 ± 0.08 and 0.5 ± 0.08 min, while times required for complete recovery were calculated to be 4.5 ± 0.3, 5.5 ± 0.17, 6.5 ± 0.25 and 11 ± 0.38 min, respectively. Also, the times required for deep anesthesia were 20 ± 1, 5 ± 0.5, 3 ± 0.4 and 2.2 ± 0.5 min in the above concentrations, while the times required for complete recovery were 10 ± 1, 11 ± 1.5, 14 ± 2.2 and 16 ± 3 min, respectively. Furthermore, considering the times to sedation, deep anesthesia and recovery at different temperatures of 20 • C, 25 • C, 30 • C and 35 • C and salinities of 25, 30, 35, 40 and 48 ppt; the combinations of salinity plus temperature and clove oil concentration plus salinity had the greatest and the least effects.
The effects of Clove Seed extracts as anaesthetic agents in two species of grey mullets Liza Falcipinnis and Liza grandisquamis were assessed. A total of 120 of these species comprising 60 L. Falcipinnis with 30 each of fingerlings (mean length 9.86cm ± 1.11 SD: mean weight 21.20g ± 2.10 SD) and juveniles (mean length 17.24cm ±1.88 SD; mean weight 66.24g ± 4.24SD) and 60 L. grandisquamis also consists of 30 each of fingerlings (mean length 10.24cm ± 1.92 SD; mean weight 23.41 ± 2.21 SD) and juveniles (mean length 18.21cm ±SD; mean weight 71.21g ± 4.12 SD) were sampled from the recruitment ponds at African Regional Aquaculture Center, (ARAC), Buguma, Rivers State and were exposed to clove seed extracts at different concentrations of 0.0mg/L (control), 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 and 25.0mg/L. The results obtained indicated a size related response, to Clove seed extracts. The induction time in both species were found to decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as the concentrations of the clove extracts increased with the shortest induction time 55.61(s) observed in fingerlings of L. grandisquamis, while the longest 210.61 (s) was recorded in juveniles of L. falcipinnis. However, the recovery time increased significantly with increasing concentration of the clove seed, with the highest recovery time of 350.11 (s) observed in L. falcipinnis, at 25.0mglL concentration and the lowest 246.91(s) in L. grandisquamis at 5.0mg/L concentration of the clove extracts, with the optimum dosage of 10.0mg/l and 15.0mg/l for fingerlings and juvenile sizes respectively. Interestingly, the survival of the exposed fish during the trial was 100% in both sizes of the two species,as no mortality was recorded in all concentrations of the plant extracts. The findings of this trial, indicated that clove seed extracts was effective, producing minimum stress and zero mortalities and therefore can be recommended as an effective anaesthetic for use in aquaculture.