Federal Prison Residential Drug Treatment Reduces Substance Use and Arrests After RELEASE1 * (original) (raw)
Related papers
For whom does prison-based drug treatment work? Results from a randomized experiment
Journal of Experimental Criminology, 2014
Objectives Prison-based therapeutic community (TC) drug treatment followed by community aftercare is widely recognized as the most effective treatment paradigm for drug-dependent offenders. However, few randomized experiments have addressed this question and fewer studies have examined how interactions between treatment modality and individual characteristics may explain variations in outcomes. Methods Using a randomized experimental design, this study examined the effects of treatment modality [TC vs. Outpatient (OP) group counseling], individual psychosocial characteristics (e.g., risk, negative affect), and interactions on reincarceration over a 3year follow-up period. Survival analysis using Cox regression with covariates was used to analyze data obtained from 604 subjects at a specialized drug treatment prison. Results The expected advantage of TC failed to emerge. Critical and heretofore unexamined interactions between treatment modality (TC vs. OP), inmate levels of risk, and negative effect help explain these unexpected findings. Conclusion The superiority of prison TC to less intensive OP counseling was not supported. The effects of TC appear to be conditioned by critical responsivity factors that have received little empirical attention.
2004
Despite a growing realization that unmeasured programmatic differences influence prison-based drug treatment effectiveness, few attempts to systematically measure such differences have been made. To improve program planning and evaluation in this area, we developed a census instrument to collect descriptive information about 118 prison-based drug treatment programs in 24 state prisons. The census assessed program content and structure (e.g., program type, duration, and primary treatment approach), program staff (e.g., duties and staffing ratios), and inmates (e.g., eligibility and intake proce-dures). Collection of descriptive program information can greatly facilitate drug treat-ment program and policy planning, and meaningfully inform the design of subsequent outcome evaluations.
Crime & Delinquency, 2004
Despite a growing realization that unmeasured programmatic differences influence prison-based drug treatment effectiveness, few attempts to systematically measure such differences have been made. To improve program planning and evaluation in this area, we developed a census instrument to collect descriptive information about 118 prisonbased drug treatment programs in 24 state prisons. The census assessed program content and structure (e.g., program type, duration, and primary treatment approach), program staff (e.g., duties and staffing ratios), and inmates (e.g., eligibility and intake procedures). Collection of descriptive program information can greatly facilitate drug treatment program and policy planning, and meaningfully inform the design of subsequent outcome evaluations.
Examining the Effectiveness of In-Jail Substance Abuse Treatment
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 1993
Thc rcccnt drug use epidemic has led to a significant increase in the number of incarcerated drug-involved inmates throughout the country and has challenged jail and prison administrators to develop programs to reducedrug relapse and d r u g -~l a~e d crime. In response to increasing problems of drug dependence among jail inmates, the US. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance in 1987 funded development of three model demonstration jail substance abuse treatment programs. The current study reviews findings fromanevaluation of535 inm~tes admitted to theHillsboroughCounty Sheriff's Office Substance Abuse Treatment Program, in , Florida from 1988 to Downloaded by [University of South Florida] at 13:35 17 July 2014 SpecialTopics Croup. This group focuses on issues related to oricntntion to treatment. including motivation and commitment to become involved in treatment, ambivalence about adopting a drug-free lifestyle, family issues, shame and guilt associated with substance abuse, and health-related consequences of substmce abuse. Downloaded by [University of South Florida] at 13:35 17 July 2014 Peters, Kearns, Murrin, Dolenle & May 7 Relapse Preventiorr -Level Otle. This program consists o f 27 sessions, involving two hoursperday, fivedays per week. Assessment is conducted following completion o f these sessions in order lo measure skill acquisition and cognitive changes.
Prison-based substance abuse treatment, residential aftercare and recidivism
Addiction, 1999
Aims. This study examined the impact of residential aftercare on recidivism following prison-based treatment for drug-involved offenders. Design. A matched group quasi-experimental design. Survival regression analyses were used to predict time until rearrest. A logistic regression model was constructed for predicting aftercare completion. Setting. A 9-month in-prison therapeutic community (ITC) and several communitybased transitional therapeutic communities (TTCs). Participants. Data were collected from 396 male inmates (293 treated, 103 untreated). Measurements. Background information (gender, ethnicity, age, education level, criminal history and risk for recidivism) was abstracted from the state criminal justice databases and a structured interview led by clinical staff. During treatment process measures were based on inmate self-ratings of their counselors, program and peers. A post-treatment interview conducted by field research staff assessed satisfaction with transitional aftercare. Post-release recidivism was based on state-maintained computerized criminal history records. Findings. ITC treatment, especially when followed by residential aftercare, was effective for reducing post-release recidivism rates. Lower satisfaction with transitional aftercare treatment was associated with not completing the residential phase of community-based aftercare. Conclusions. Corrections-based treatment policy should emphasize a continuum of care model (from institution to community) with high quality programs and services.
Changes in inmates' substance use and dependence from pre-incarceration to one year post-release
Journal of Criminal Justice, 2016
Purpose-To assess changes in inmates' misuse of substances from pre-to post-incarceration. Methods-In Study 1, professionals (n = 162) and laypersons (n = 50) predicted how jail inmates' substance misuse would change from pre-incarceration to post-release. In Study 2, a longitudinal study of 305 jail inmates, we examined actual changes in substance use and dependence from pre-incarceration to the first year post-incarceration, as well as whether changes varied as a function of demographic, criminal justice, treatment, and personality factors. Results-Professionals and laypersons predicted little change in substance misuse whereas, in fact, inmates' frequency of substance use and dependence decreased substantially from preincarceration to post-release. Sharper decreases were observed for inmates who were female, younger, more educated, serving longer sentences, enrolled in substance abuse treatment, high in shame-proneness, and low in criminogenic thinking. Race, first time incarceration, transfer to other correctional facilities, mandated community supervision (probation), and guilt-proneness did not predict changes in substance use or dependence. Conclusions-Although substance misuse decreased, this remains a population high in need of substance abuse treatment both upon arrest and at one year post-incarceration; 60% of former inmates met at least one DSM-IV criterion for substance dependence at one year post-release.
Substance Abuse Treatment in Prison Settings: A Systematic Review
2018
A significant relationship between criminal behavior and substance abuse exists, which leads to a large proportion of individuals in the prison system who meet criteria for a substance use disorder. This review compares empirically-supported treatments for substance use disorder to current substance abuse treatment programs offered in United States prisons. A review of current literature indicates that Therapeutic Communities are the most common form of substance abuse treatment provided, and often these are combined with Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy groups. Special treatment considerations are provided based on the type of substance used, gender, and ethnicity. Empirically-supported treatments are currently being implemented by the United States prison system; however, shifts in treatment that combine treatment models and specific individual consideration could potentially result in better treatment outcomes. Future research considerations include further examination of treatment providers, financial factors, co-occurring mental health disorders, and the long-term effect of contingency management treatments utilizing positive reinforcement.
Evaluation Review, 2001
In an evaluation of prison-based residential drug treatment programs, we use three different approaches to modeling post-release outcomes. Two of the approaches, the instrumental variable and the Heckman approach, attempt to minimize selection bias as an explanation for treatment outcomes. The results from these analyses are compared to regression analysis in which treatment effects are measured by a dummy variable. We discuss the advantage of using more than one method to increase confidence in findings within the context of selection bias issues. The advantages of the Heckman approach, which models selection bias and controls for its consequences, are discussed. Three-year outcome data for 2,315 Federal inmates are used in the analyses where we separately examine the outcome measures of recidivism and drug use for men and women.