Characterization of Biodiesel : A Review (original) (raw)
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IJERT-Characterization of Biodiesel : A Review
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2013
https://www.ijert.org/characterization-of-biodiesel-a-review https://www.ijert.org/research/characterization-of-biodiesel-a-review-IJERTV2IS100795.pdf It is well known for us, biodiesel is an alternative substitute for fossil diesel. Biodiesel is basically Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Based Fuel, a long chain of Triglycerides and the Alcohol in the presence of Catalyst forms Ethyl Esters and the Glycerol that process is known as Transesterification, if the fatty acid content in the oil is more than 2.5% then the process by which the oil is converted to ethyl esters is known as Esterification followed by Transesterification. This review paper mostly concentrates on the characterization of biodiesel; most of the Physio – Chemical properties like Density, Kinematic Viscosity, Flash Point, Cetane Number, and the heating value these are related to combustion. This paper is having the information about physio— chemical properties of biodiesel and fossil diesel and the availability of various feedstock for biodiesel production in the world.
The Study of Different Biodiesel Production from Various Resources and Its Properties -An Overview
Biodiesel is a renewable resource of energy, which helps to reduce the dependence on the limited economy resources available in the world. The present research work is an approach towards attaining price competency of biodiesel to petroleum diesel. Biodiesel either directly or blended with diesel fuel is widely investigated to reduce the depletion of fossil fuels and environmental degradation. There has been growing interest in alternative fuels like biodiesel, a best substitute fuel for internal combustion engines. This paper reviews the biodiesel from various resources, different methodologies used for biodiesel production and the properties of different biodiesel. Biodiesel is an eco-friendly, alternative diesel fuel produced from vegetable oils and animal fats. Biodiesel can be used as a fuel for vehicles in its pure form, but it is usually used as a blended fuel (Diesel and Biodiesel) to reduce levels of particulates, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons from diesel-powered vehicles. The main objective of this study is the development of biodiesel by various methods and fuel-related properties.
Biodiesel production & its performance characteristics measurement: a review and analysis
Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research, 2015
The successful alternative fuel is one which should fulfil environmental and energy security needs without sacrificing its operating performance. Every nation has locked their eyes on biodiesel as main replacement of crude oil specially diesel. Bio-diesel is fatty acid of ethyl or methyl ester made from unused or used vegetable oils and animal fats. Bio-diesel is eco-friendly, alternative diesel fuel prepared from domestic renewable resources such as vegetable oils and animal fats exclusively for diesel engines. Experimental investigation was carried out on used mustard oil to study its properties and to check its suitability as a biodiesel and also a replacement for diesel oil in future. The biodiesel from used mustard oil was prepared by the process of Transesterification. In Transesterification process the mixture of Mustard oil and alcohols was constantly mixed, in the presence of base catalyst potassium hydroxide (KOH) at 60 0 C with the help of water bath shaker. The concentration of catalyst which affects the yield of product was studied during Transesterification process to optimize its effects. The other parameter which also effect the yield of process were the time of reaction, concentration of alcohol (%) were also optimized during Trans esterification process. In this work, three process variables used for standardization of transesterification process, various fuel properties of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil are determined and the different blends of waste cooking oil and diesel are tested on multi-cylinder automotive diesel engine to evaluate its performance characteristics. Hence the problem formulated can be named as "Study of performance characteristics of compression ignition automotive engine powered by various blends of bio-diesel extracted from waste cooking oil".
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of biodiesel–an in-depth study
This study is primarily focused on the gas chromatography (GC) and GC mass spectra (GC-MS) analysis method of analysing the quantitative and qualitative properties of biodiesel. Neat diesel, raw pungamia and neem oil, methyl esters of pungamia (MEOP), ethyl esters of pungamia (EEOP), ethyl esters of neem (EEON) and methyl esters of neem (MEON) were the test fuels used in the study. GC analysis showed that methyl/ethyl esters contain a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids, with a lower percentage of unsaturated fatty acids, which clearly proved that the prepared esters have a very good fuel property. GC-MS results have also proved that methyl/ethyl esters are of high purity.
A Review of Production, Properties and Advantages of Biodiesel
Energy is considered as one of the most important factors for economic and industrial growth. With the increased use and depleting problem of fossil fuels there is a huge demand for an alternative and better source of energy. This demand promoted the emergence of biofuels among which biodiesel is considered to be the most accepted and best alternative for the depleting energy resources. Biodiesel has become more attractive recently because of its environmental benefits and the fact that it is made from renewable resources. The cost of biodiesel, however, is the main hurdle to commercialization of the product. The used cooking oils are used as raw material, adaption of continuous transesterification process and recovery of high quality glycerol from biodiesel by-product (glycerol) are primary options to be considered to lower the cost of biodiesel. There are four primary ways to make biodiesel, direct use and blending, micro emulsions, thermal cracking (pyrolysis) and transesterification. The most commonly used method is transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats. In this present review, the importance, history, properties, sources and techniques for production of biodiesel are described.
Physicochemical characterization of biodiesel from vegetable oil
Biodiesel is a vegetable oil based fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl esters. It is typically made by chemically reacting lipid (e.g.: Vegetable oil) with an alcohol which produces a fatty acid ester. Biodiesel is made by reacting with an alcohol producing fatty acid ester, thus it causes very less pollution in the environment. The biodiesel reduces the emission of carbon monoxide and sulphates in the air and helps to control air pollution. The present work was directed towards producing biodiesel from vegetable oil and methanol. Physicochemical characterization of sample was analysed based on the standard method. Its characterization study reveals that vegetable oil based biodiesel is an alternative source of diesel.
Study Of The Physicochemical Analysis Of Biodiesel Produced From Waste Vegetable Oil
The study of the physicochemical analysis of biodiesel produced from waste vegetable oil in Sedi, Minna, Nigeria was carried out in order to ascertain the quality of the biodiesel produced as regards physical and chemical parameters which include visual appearance, colour, cloud point, flash point, and cetane index, diesel index, kinematic velocity, calorific value. Biodiesel is a renewable resource that can replace petroleum diesel which comes from fossil fuels that are limited and will be exhausted in the near future. Biodiesel can be made from the transesterification of vegetable oils, animal fat, greases and oil crops such as soybean and it is biodegradable. The biodiesel produced was subjected to physicochemical analysis and results of cetane index was established to be 52, the flash point using pensky martens close cup was determine to be 160 0 C, diesel index using IP21, 0.3411, kinematic viscosity at 40 0 C to be 4.12 and calorific value of 10867cal/g. The investigated physicochemical parameters show that the biodiesel produced is suitable for use in diesel engines without modifications and is cheaper to produce compared to petroleum diesel.
Advancements in development and characterization of biodiesel: A review
Fuel, 2008
An ever increasing demand of fuels has been a challenge for today's scientific workers. The fossil fuel resources are dwindling day by day. Biodiesel seems to be a solution for future. Biodiesel is an environmentally viable fuel. Out of the four ways viz. direct use and blending, micro-emulsions, thermal cracking and transesterification, most commonly used method is transesterification of vegetable oils, fats, waste oils, etc. Latest aspects of development of biodiesel have been discussed in this work. Yield of biodiesel is affected by molar ratio, moisture and water content, reaction temperature, stirring, specific gravity, etc. Biodegradability, kinetics involved in the process of biodiesel production, and its stability have been critically reviewed. Emissions and performance of biodiesel has also been reported.
2013
Biodiesel is a mixture of fatty acid alkyl esters obtained by the reaction of triglycerides of vegetable or animal origin with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. In this work the biodiesel has been taken as non edible type in nature. The problems of this oil are attributed to high viscosity, low volatility and polyunsaturated character of vegetable oils. Hence, process of transesterification is found to be effective method of reducing viscosity and eliminating operational and durability problems. The comparative performance on the basis of physicochemical property of biodiesel and base fuel is also presented in this work. The advantages effect of biodiesel as compare of base fuel has been also