Influence of fungicidal control of cucumber and tomato grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) on fruit yield (original) (raw)
Related papers
Response of Tomato Germplasm and Hybridsagainst Botrytis Blight and its management through Chemicals
Botrytis blight is becoming threat for tomato cultivation in Pakistan.The severity of this disease has been increasing day by day for last few years due to changes in environment.So in present study Fifty one tomato germplasm and hybrids accessions were evaluated in open field and walk in tunnel conditions in research area of plant pathology section, Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, Faisalabad to determine their genetic response against botrytis blight. It was observed that no variety wasimmune. Among the twenty seven indeterminate varieties and hybrids eleven varieties and ten hybridsshowed moderately susceptible with (55-67) percent disease index.Five varieties and one hybridshowed susceptible response with (70-85) PDI.Among the twenty four determinate varieties and hybridstwo varieties showed resistant response with PDI of 20 and 28% respectively. Five varieties showed moderately resistant response with (36-44)PDI. Six varieties and four hybridsshowed moderately susceptible with (56-64)PDI.Five varieties and one hybridshowed susceptible response with (76-88)PDI.In-vitro five fungicides evaluated against B. cinereacabriotop (96.51%)gave maximum inhibition of the mycelial growth of pathogen followed by halonil (87.20%). Least inhibition of mycelial growth was observed in case of defeater (65.11%). In-vivo evaluation of fungicides maximum disease control with 8.00 PDI was recorded in the cabriotop treated plots followed by the (14.66) and (21.33), in plots sprayed with Halonil, Benedict, respectively. Least control of the disease was recorded in Defeater treated plots with (45.33PDI). In the control plot percent disease index was 72%.Theinformation generated from this research plan can be useful in future for the tomato growers to take management decisions about the disease.
Postharvest diseases of tomato and natural products for disease management
African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2017
Gray mold and soft rot are the most important postharvest diseases of tomato worldwide. A survey of fresh-market tomato fruit was conducted in Oahu to determine which fungal and bacterial pathogens were most commonly associated with postharvest disease. Alternaria, Botrytis, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Mucor, Stemphyllium, Rhizopus and Penicillium were the most frequently isolated fungi and Acetobacter, Gluconobacter, Klebsiella, Leuconostoc and Pectobacterium were the prevalent bacteria. Fifty-one percent of the diseased tomatoes had been imported from California and Mexico and 49% had been grown locally at three sites in Oahu. Pathogenicity tests revealed that 33 of 99 fungal isolates and 10 of 17 bacterial isolates were pathogenic on tomato types known as common market, cherry and grape tomato. Based on fruit assays, Botrytis cinerea (B03) and Pectobacterium carotovorum (BA17) were the most virulent isolates. Tested leaf extracts of Capsicum annuum cv. Stocky Red, C. annuum cv. Criolla de cocina, Capsicum chinense cv. NuMexsuave, Tagetes tenuifolia, Aloe vera, Origanum vulgare and Azadirachta indica were ineffective as biopesticides and did not reduce spore germination or mycelial growth of B. cinerea (B03) nor P. carotovorum (BA17). In contrast, a proprietary product (PF) reduced mycelial growth of B. cinerea (B03) and was further evaluated at doubling concentrations ranging from 0.0625 to 1 ml/L. Mycelial growth of B. cinerea and other fungi was completely inhibited by exposure to PF at 1 ml/L. On the other hand, PF was not an effective biopesticides against P. carotovorum. PF shows promise for reducing gray mold and will be evaluated as a preharvest spray on tomato plants in the greenhouse.
International Journal of …, 2010
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a commercial biofungicide such as Trichomix-HV in controlling damping-off disease in cucumber seedlings of greenhouses. In this regard, 504 fungal isolates were collected from greenhouses at 31 districts in city of Jiroft in Iran. Pythium aphanidermatum, P.ultimum, P. irregulare, Phytophthora drechsleri, and Ph. melonis accounted for 9.9 %, 8.3 %, 4.5 %, 4.9 %, and 21 % of total isolates collected, respectively. Isolates of P. aphanidermatum obtained from commercial cucumber in greenhouses were tested in vitro and under greenhouse conditions for sensitivity to chemical and biological treatments. To this aim, Trichomix-HV a commercial formulation of Trichoderma harzianum strain T969 and the fungicides Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl MZ were amended into the culture medium as well as into sterilized or non-sterilized greenhouse soils inoculated by the pathogen and containing plants at the seedling stage. Trichomix-HV significantly (P < 0.001) reduced seedling infection at a rate of 82 % when applied into soil medium at a concentration of 10 7 conidia ml/L and reduced vegetative growth of Pythium aphanidermatum in vitro. The result from this study shows that Trichomix-HV can be effectively used as a biocontrol agent for controlling damping-off cucumber seedlings and having the potential to replace chemical fungicides as a mean of disease control.
Biological control of leaf grey mould of greenhouse tomatoes caused by Botrytis cinerea
International Journal of Pest Management, 2011
Botrytis cinerea (grey mould) is one of the most common diseases of glasshouse crops and is a major cause of plant death in long-season tomato production. A disease management field trial was conducted in a commercial tomato production greenhouse for comparison of seven fungal antagonists which had previously exhibited potential as biological control agents with respect to Botrytis cinerea incidence and severity. Isolates of Trichoderma harzianum, Candida pelliculosa, Rhodotorula rubra, and Fusarium semitectum were recovered from leaves, fruits and flowers of different solanaceous plants. The fungal antagonists were tested for their control of leaf grey mould on tomato under greenhouse conditions during 2008 and 2009. In both years, foliar spray with strains of Trichoderma harzianum and Fusarium semitectum suppressed the foliar infection of B. cinerea. The suspensions of T. harzianum 118 and 252 and F. semitectum 25 significantly reduced disease incidence (65-95%) and severity (50-77%) in inoculated plants compared to untreated controls (P 0.05). Our results suggest that formulations of saprophytic fungi selected from the naturally occurring mycoflora could be an effective tool in the biological control of tomato grey mould.
EFFECTIVENESS OF NEW FUNGICIDES AGAINST CUCUMBER DOWNY MILDEW UNDER TUNNEL CONDITIONS
A B S T R A C T Cucumber belongs to gourd family (Cucurbitaceae). It is cultivated throughout the world due to its high nutritional value. The crop has to face biotic and abiotic challenges that lower its yield annually. Among these downy mildew of cucumber caused by Pseudoperenospora cubensis is the most devastating. It causes 40% loss worldwide. So the present study was conducted for the management of the downy mildew of cucumber through fungicide under tunnal condition. For this purpose, cucumber variety, " Chairman " was grown at Hafiz Tunnel Farm, Gutwala, Faisalabad under RCBD design during 2012 and 2013. Chemicals were applied in five treatments. So, Champion 77 % WP (copper hydroxide) @ 5.00 gm, Champion 77 % WP (copper hydroxide) 2.00 gm, Cabriotop 60% WDG (pyraclostobin+matiram) @ 4.00 gm; Score 25 % EC (difenoconazole) @ 2.00 ml and Ridomil gold 68 WP (metalaxyl + mancozeb) @ 2.50 gm/liter water were sprayed seven to eight times according to disease prevailing conditions. Result showed that among all treatments, Ridomil gold 68 WP gave excellent control (88.56%) in which minimum disease incidence (7.33)% was recorded as compared to control (66.90%). Champion 77 % WP significantly reduced the disease at all concentrations. It reduced 86.95% disease @ 5.00 gm/lit water and 81.9% at 2.00 gm per liter water. Cabriotop 60% WDG reduced the disease level upto 9.71 with disease decrease percentage of 84.90 whereas Score 25% EC gave 80.91% control (disease incidence 12.14). All treatments significantly controlled the disease as compared to untreated control. Data was also recorded for the yield assessment of cucumber in response to application of fungicide. So, It is concluded that use of fungicides is compulsory in reducing the disease incidence and improving the crop yield.
Biological control of gray mould disease caused by Botrytis cinerea on strawberry fruits.
Different bio-agents and biocides were applied under greenhouse and field conditions in two successive seasons (2010/11 &2011/12) to study their efficiency in controlling the gray mould disease on strawberry fruits. Trichoderma asperellum was the most effective one among the tested bio-agents, where it reduced the disease incidence DI% and disease severity DS% caused by Botrytis cinerea during the two seasons followed by T. hamatum and Bacillus subtilis. Blight Stop biocide proved to be the most efficient biocide in decreasing the gray mould disease and increasing strawberry fruit yield, while, Rhizo-N was the least effective biocide in controlling the gray mould disease on strawberry fruits. Increasing the interval time between sprayings increased disease incidence, where 6-days interval time were more effective than 12 days in decreasing the gray mould infection with all tested biocides. Spraying the plants with Blight Stop combined with Plant Guard was the most effective combination among the tested biocides in decreasing the gray mould incidence and gave highest yield. Fruit rot incidence on grown plants, under field conditions were decreased by spraying plants with each one of the tested biocides or combinations between them.
The plant pathology journal, 2016
Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen causing a major problem in the export and post-harvest of strawberries. Inappropriate use of fungicides leads to resistance among fungal pathogens. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the sensitivity of B. cinerea to various classes of fungicide and to determine the effectiveness of different concentrations of commonly used fungicides. We thus evaluated the effectiveness of six classes of fungicide in inhibiting the growth and development of this pathogen, namely, fludioxonil, iprodione, pyrimethanil, tebuconazole, fenpyrazamine, and boscalid. Fludioxonil was the most effective (EC50 < 0.1 μg/ml), and pyrimethanil was the least effective (EC50 = 50 μg/ml), at inhibiting the mycelial growth of B. cinerea. Fenpyrazamine and pyrimethanil showed relatively low effectiveness in inhibiting the germination and conidial production of B. cinerea. Our results are useful for the management of B. cinerea and as a basis for monitoring the sensiti...
Managing Botrytis cinerea on tomatoes in greenhouses in the Mediterranean
Crop Protection, 1995
Nine experiments were carried out from 1989 to 1992 in Israel and in northern Italy in greenhouseproduced tomatoes infected with Botrytis cinerea Pers., Fr. In Israel B. cinerea affected leaves, stems and fruits (both rot and ghost spot symptoms were apparent). In Italy, the only symptom of the disease was fruit rot. Several fungicides, fungicide mixtures and spraying programmes were applied. Some trials also included a biological preparation based on Trichoderma harzianum isolates T39 and TF. Although a dicarboximide-resistant population of the pathogen existed in all greenhouses, dicarboximide fungicides (iprodione or procymidone) applied alone suppressed the disease by 4CL88%, as effectively as its mixture with thiram, dichlofluanid or tebuconazole. Similar disease suppression was achieved by mixtures of tebuconazole + dichlofluanid and carbendazim + diethofencarb. Trichoderma harzianum T39 alone reduced disease by 31-82% but in more than half of the cases the reduction was non-significant. Disease control achieved by the biocontrol preparations did not differ significantly @ = 0.05) from that achieved by the chemical fungicides. Adequate control was achieved when the biocontrol and the chemical products were applied alternately although the quantity of chemical sprays was reduced by one half. The consistency among treatments in the various trials with respect to percent disease control was greater in the T. harzianum-fungicide alternation treatments, than that in the T. harzianum or the fungicide treatments applied alone.
Effect of nutrition on susceptibility of cucumber, eggplant, and pepper crops to Botrytis cinerea
Canadian Journal of Botany, 1993
Parthenocarpic cucumbers were grown in polyethylene tunnels under commercial conditions and fertilized with N – P – K 7:3:7%. During two winter seasons when nitrate level in the fertilizer was low, the addition of potassium to the fertilizer significantly reduced the incidence of fruit grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. by 27 – 33%, whereas adding calcium generally reduced grey mould by 35 – 50%. The fungicide treatments, diethofencarb and carbendazim (at 0.25 g∙L−) reduced grey mould by 39 and 50%, respectively. In the 2nd year stem infection with B. cinerea was decreased by 50, 50, or 60% by treatment with potassium, fungicide, or calcium, respectively. Only the calcium treatment was significantly different from the basic fertilizer control. Calcium treatments were effective on cucumber crops only under high relative humidity at two out of four sampling dates. The effect of calcium could not be separated from high nitrate level associated with its use in cucumber plan...
2016
Kitchen garden crops, especially cucumbers, play a substantial role in people’s life both nutritionally and economically. In recent years, mass production of cucumbers in greenhouse cultures has become an important factor in farmers’ earnings at vegetable markets. Therefore, it is particularly important to pay attention to this plant in the country. Due to favorable greenhouse conditions for the development of various microorganisms, this plant is constantly exposed to pathogens including the fungus causing the seedling damping-off disease Pythium aphanidermatum. The disease is prevalent in hot regions with heavy soils, and is very widespread in the fields and greenhouses of Tehran province (Varamin) and Isfahan. Chemical control by the use of fungicides has been effective in reducing the disease, but it is also necessary to examine the efficacy of new fungicides in controlling the disease due to the resistance of disease agents to conventional fungicides. This study was conducted i...