Effects of Population Density and Planting Pattern on the Yield and Yield Components of Leafy Reduced-Stature Maize in a Short-Season Area (original) (raw)
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Performance of second-crop maize hybrids in different population densities
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Maize (Zea mays L.) yield component analysis is limited. Research was conducted in 2012 and 2013 at Zagreb, Croatia and Mead, Nebraska, United States with the objective to determine the influence of environment, hybrid maturity, and plant population (PP) on maize yield and yield components. Three maturity classes of maize hybrids were produced at five PP ranging from 65,000 to 105,000 plants ha-1 under rainfed conditions. Yield, ears m-2 , rows ear-1 , ear circumference, kernels ear-1 , kernels row-1 , ear length, and kernel weight were determined. Average yield was 10.7 t ha-1 , but was variable for hybrids across PP. The early maturity-hybrids had lesser ear circumference, more kernels ear-1 , greater ear length, and fewer rows ear-1 than mid-and late-maturity hybrids. Kernels ear-1 had the highest correlation with yield (r = 0.47; P < 0.01 for early-maturity hybrids; r = 0.55; P < 0.01 for the mid-and late-maturity hybrids). Path analysis indicated that ears m-2 , kernels ear-1 and kernel weight had similar direct effects on yield for early-maturity hybrids (R = 0.41 to 0.48) while kernels ear-1 had the largest direct effect (R = 0.58 versus 0.32 to 0.36) for the midand late-maturity hybrids. Rows ear-1 had an indirect effects on yield (R = 0.30 to 0.33) for all hybrids, while kernels row-1 had indirect effect (R = 0.46) on yield for mid-and latematurity hybrids. Yield component compensation was different for early-maturity hybrid than the mid-and late-maturity hybrids, likely due to the proportion of southern dent and northern flint germplasm present in these hybrids.
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Genetic improvement of maize hybrids for superior stress tolerance has contributed to increased yield by allowing hybrids to be planted at higher plant populations. This study was conducted to evaluate the response of maize hybrids developed in the Nigerian Savanna from different eras to high plant densities. Field research was conducted in 2002 and 2003 at the experiment station of the Institute of Agricultural Research, Samaru in the northern Guinea savanna zone, Zaria, Nigeria. Six hybrids—two from 1980s, two from 1990s and two from the 2000 eras—were evaluated at three plant densities using a split-plot design with three replications. Plant densities (53,333, 66,666, and 79,999 plants ha-1) constituted the main plots and the six hybrids were assigned to subplots. Plant densities above 53,333 plants ha-1 reduced grain yield of hybrids, which might be due to the fact that the hybrids evaluated were selected at low plant densities and were therefore not tolerant to plant-density st...
IInfluence of sowing times and plant populations on the agronomic performance of maize hybrids
The sowing time, along with increased plant density and the choice of the hybrid, are among the main factors to obtain higher grain yields in second-season maize. The objective was to evaluate the agronomic performance of maize hybrids grown in different plant populations and sowing times. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with subdivided plots and four replicates. The main plots consisted of four sowing times (Jan/20/2014, Feb/07/2014, Feb/28/2014, and Mar/14/2014), the subplots consisted of the hybrids (BRS 1010 and DKB 390 VT PRO2), and the sub-subplots consisted of the plant populations (45,000; 55,000; 65,000 and 75,000 plants ha-1). Regardless of plant population, the performance of hybrids BRS 1010 and DKB 390 VT PRO2 are similar regarding grain yield, plant height, and number of rows per ear. The development of maize was better in the sowings performed between Jan/20 and Feb/07, and very late sowings negatively affect yield. Among the hybrids studied, in a population ranging from 45,000 to 75,000 plants ha-1 there is a reduction in ear diameter and hundred-grain weight, although without affecting yield.
Field Crops Research, 2000
We investigated the response of maize kernel number to plant density in four hybrids released in Argentina between 1965 and. Assuming kernel number is the main yield component, and using as a framework the relationship between kernel number per plant (KNP) and plant growth rate bracketing silking (PGR s ), we tested the alternative hypotheses that modern hybrids produce more kernels because they have (a) greater PGR s or (b) more kernels per unit PGR s than their older counterparts. Three experiments were carried out including a range of plant densities from 3±5 to 15±18 plants m À2 . PGR s was calculated from shoot dry matter measured 10 days before and 20 days after silking. Shoot dry matter, grain yield and its components were measured at physiological maturity. Grain yield of the oldest hybrid averaged 7.7 t ha À1 , and increased with year of release at a rate of 173 kg ha À1 per year. The response of grain yield to plant density was curvilinear. Kernel number per square meter accounted for most of the variation in yield with both year of release and plant density. For both sources of variation, there was a trade-off between kernel number and mass. Both PGR s and KNP decreased with increasing plant density in all four hybrids. Whereas variation in PGR s among hybrids was small, the oldest hybrid set 93 (low density) and 113 (high density) kernels per unit PGR s in comparison to the newest that set 167 and 193. We conclude that more kernels per unit PGR s , rather than greater PGR s , accounted for the genetic improvement of yield potential in the hybrids investigated. #