Indoor positioning and wayfinding systems: a survey (original) (raw)

The term 'navigation' collectively represent tasks that include tracking the user's position, planning feasible routes and guiding the user through the routes to reach the desired destination. In the past, considerable number of navigation systems were developed for accessing outdoor and indoor environments. Most of the outdoor navigation systems adopt GPS and Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) to track the user's position. Important applications of outdoor navigation systems include wayfinding for vehicles, pedestrians, and blind people [1, 2]. In indoor environments, the GPS cannot provide fair accuracy in tracking due to nonline of sight issues [3]. This limitation hinders the implementation of GPS in indoor navigation systems, although it can be solved by using "high-sensitivity GPS receivers or GPS pseudolites" [4]. However, the cost of implementation can be a barrier to applying this system in real-world scenarios.