The Velislav Bible and Latin biblical mnemonics in the 14th and 15th century Bohemia, in: Daphnis: Zeitschrift für Mittlere Deutsche Literatur und Kultur der Frühen Neuzeit (1400-1750) 41 (2012): 327-355. (original) (raw)
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Lenka Panušková et al., The Velislav Bible, Finest Picture-Bible of the Late Middle Ages: Biblia depicta as Devotional, Mnemonic and Study Tool. Central European Medieval Studies, AUP Amsterdam 2018, s. 191-202 , 2018
This study was created as part of the project P405/12/G148 'Cultural Codes and Their Transformations in the Hussite Period' of the Czech Science Foundation. 2 Baxandall, The Patterns of Intention. The title quotes the text written on f. 176r.
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Sophocles's texts to c. 1000 or interpret their motifs and ideas as expressions of events and sociopolitical conditions of that time. Another problem concerns Orning's connection of the sagas with historical reality. For example, after discussing some of the fantastical events that take place in the sagas in AM 471 4to, he connects them with mid-fifteenth-century Iceland: "This preoccupation with the dangerous periphery and the unpredictable quality of magic could be taken to reflect the contemporary historical situation of these farmers in the midst of the fishing boom in Iceland. The English fishermen and merchants brought new opportunities, but also new dangers" (266). This is an oversimplified connection between the widespread interest in troll stories and a specific historical situation in Iceland. Another example is how Orning connects the interest in bridal-quest stories in some of the sagas in AM 343a 4to with the actual life experience of an individual in the mid-fifteenth century, Margrét Vigfúsdottir, and the proposals directed to her (220-21). Many cases of alleged ideological patterns in AM 343a 4to are also connected with Margrét Vigfúsdóttir (for example: "the ambiguous role of the king does find resonance in Margrét's own experiences" [225; cf. 215, 218]). Alleged tendencies regarding the selection of sagas in AM 471 4to are similarily connected with the actual world of the Einarssynir (e.g., 265, 266), and Orning's linking of literature with the real world is oversimplified throughout. A third problem is that it is by no means certain that the selection of sagas in a manuscript expresses ideology and personal experience. The possibility that the inclusion and exclusion of sagas could be explained by chance, or access to particular sagas, is never considered in the interpretations. The focus on absence versus presence of sagas in different manuscripts means that details have a disproportionally large impact on Orning's argument, e.g., the absence of Áns saga in AM 471 4to versus its presence in AM 343a 4to, a minor difference which leads Orning to extensive interpretations of the different ideologies behind the two manuscripts (266, 232). Orning makes very much out of very limited evidence. In short, this is a study full of interesting observations but with severe methodological problems.
This book is a product of an international conference of scholars held 11–16 September 2009 in Varna, Bulgaria, within the framework of a joint project of the same title made possible by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Cyrillo-Methodian Research Centre of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in Sofia. The book contains 24 artic- les by participants in the conference, including both senior scholars of distinction and young researchers from Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Great Britain, Israel, Italy, and United States. The authors come not only from the institutions that organized the conference but also from renowned and important centers of Slavic studies such as the universities of Vienna, Oxford, Rome (La Sapienza), Bologna, Antwerp, Salerno, the University of Oregon (USA), Sofia St. Kliment of Ohrid University and the Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University in Greifswald (Germany). The thematic focus of the research includes various aspects of Bible translation in the Slavic Glagolitic and Cyrillic traditions beginning in the ninth century. The analyses mostly cover aspects of Slavic Bible translations during the Middle Ages that have not been studied or that have been the object of insufficient scholarly research, both in the canonical Old and New Testament and in the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha. An important place has been given to the first trans- lations of the books of the Bible from Greek into Slavonic by SS. Cyril and Methodius, creators of the first Slavonic alphabet in the ninth century, and to the development of these translations during the Middle Ages, on the basis of research into medieval Slavic manuscripts from the tenth to the sixteenth century. The papers present analyses of Exodus, the Psalms, the Book of Jeremiah, the Book of Job, the Book of Jesus Son of Sirach, the Story of Adam, and the Story of Melchizedek. Attention has also been paid to later fourteenth- and fifteenth-century translations of Old Testament books into Slavonic, not only from Greek texts, but also from the Hebrew Massoretic text (the Song of Songs, the Proverbs of Solomon). Several of the articles discuss issues in translation of the New Testament, mainly of the Gospels, and its textual tradition during the Middle Ages, elucidating the links between the Slavonic translation and the Greek textual radition. The articles also raise theoretical questions concerning the relationship between the Hebrew Bible and the Septuagint, the source of the oldest translation into Slavonic by SS. Cyril and Methodius. The volume also includes several articles on key issues concerning the work of Cyril and Methodius that are closely linked to the interpretation of their Bible translations, such as the Church Council at Preslav in 893, which provided a strong impetus for the development of the Cyrillo-Methodian translations in medieval Slavdom; the main primary Slavonic sources for the work and lives of SS. Cyril and Methodius, including Vita Constantini and its critical edition, and other previously unstudied issues. The articles are informed by methodologies from various fields of research, and their analytical approach is frequently interdisciplinary, applying approaches from the standpoints of textual criticism, philo- logy (linguistics, literary history, palaeography), cultural and political history, and theology (biblical studies and exegesis) to issues in Heb- raic, Byzantine, and Slavic studies.
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Relationships of MSS in group 2 Variant readings common to Rum.204, Sof., MS2, GB Readings peculiar to Rum.204, Sof. 67 Readings peculiar to MS2, GB 67 Conclusions about group 2 69 The filling of the lacuna 70 Conclusions drawn from the collation of MSS 72 Stemma codicum 74 Comments on the stemma codicum 75 Linguistic evidence Rationale for the present edition 87 Historical and cultural context in which GB was produced 95 Position of Ecclesiastes 102 Chapter 2. The catena on Ecclesiastes in the Church Slavonic translation 105 The catena as a literary form of exegetical literature 108 Greek catena vs. Slavonic catena 108 Sources for the Church Slavonic catena 109 Greek and Slavonic florilegia 112 Comparison of fragments of the catena 114 Verses for which we have parallels in all three MSS 114 Passages in Izbornik and EccI which do not have a parallel in Und. 13 116 Comparison of commentaries between the commentated and interpolated versions Possible influence of commentated texts in EccC and EccI on their biblical texts 119 Comparison of verses in commentated and continuous texts Omissions in Und. 13 but not in EccP Omissions in EccP but not in Und. 13 Lexical variants Variation in translation technique (literalism) Transposition Comparison of verses in interpolated and continuous texts Omissions Lexical variants 136 Variation in translation technique (literalism) 138 Misreadings in the Church Slavonic text 140 Transposition 141 Comparison of verses in commentated, continuous, and interpolated texts 142 EccP diverging from Und. 13 and EccI EccI diverging from Und. 13 and EccP Omissions in EccI Lexical variation Grammatical variations Und. 13 diverging from EccP and EccI Diagram Conclusions Chapter 3. Quotations from Ecdesiastes in Church Slavonic texts 156 Comparison of quotations from Ecdesiastes in the Pandects ofAntioch with continuous and 157 commentated texts Comparison of quotations from Ecdesiastes in Pcela with continuous and commentated texts 166 Quotations from Ecdesiastes in original Old Russian literature 169 Quotations from Ecdesiastes in South Slavonic tradition 173 Conclusions 175 Chapter 4. Ecdesiastes in Croat Glagolitic breviaries 176 The origins of the Glagolitic tradition in Croatia 178 Lexical variation in the text 181 Three groups of words in the Croatian Church Slavonic translation of Ecdesiastes 183 Loan words directly borrowed from the Latin text into Croatian 184 Words with a Croatian linguistic background 184 Words belonging to the older layer of the OCS lexicon 190 Differences in wording 192 Divergences in grammatical categories 195 Notes on morpho-syntax (Peculiarities in translating the future form) 199 Mistakes Conclusions Concluding remarks Appendix 1. Edition of Ecdesiastes from the Gennadian Bible Principles of the edition Edition Appendix 2. Comparative table of continuous and catenary versions Principles of the edition Edition Bibliography Acknowledgements. Editing medieval manuscripts requires access to archives and libraries. I owe particular thanks to the staff of manuscript departments in the Publicka, now Russian National Library and BAN in St. Petersburg, Duke Humfrey's Library in the Old Bodleian and the Taylor Slavonic library at Oxford university. Without the help of the librarians I could not have completed my thesis. The grant from the Grinfield bequest enabled me to make a research trip to Gottingen to the Septuaginta-Unternehmen (a.k.a. Septuagint Institute) of the Akademie der Wissenschaften in Gottingen, Germany. I thank the staff of the Institute for allowing me to see their collections of Greek manuscripts.
Introduction, Form and Function in the Late Medieval Bible
Form and Function in the Late Medieval Bible, 2013
Recently, thirteenth-century Bibles have been examined in: La Bibbia del XIII secolo: storia del testo, storia dell'esegesi. Convegno della Società internazionale per lo studio del Medioevo latino (SISMEL), Firenze, 1-2 giugno 2001, ed. Giuseppe Cremascoli and Francesco Santi (Florence, 2004); Forme e modelli della tradizione manoscritta della Bibbia, ed. Paolo Cherubini, Scuola vaticana di paleogra a, diplomatica e archivistica (Vatican City, 2005). A general survey is Christopher de Hamel, The Book. A History of the Bible (New York and London, 2001), pp. 114-39.
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