Development platform for self-organizing wireless sensor networks (original) (raw)
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Protocols for self-organization of a wireless sensor network
IEEE personal …, 2000
We present a suite of algorithms for self-organization of wireless sensor networks, in which there is a scalably large number of mainly static nodes with highly constrained energy resources. The protocols further support slow mobility by a subset of the nodes, energy-efficient routing, and formation of ad hoc subnetworks for carrying out cooperative signal processing functions among a set of the nodes. † This research is supported by DARPA contract number F04701-97-C-0010, and was presented in part at the 37 th Allerton Conference on Communication, Computing and Control, September 1999. ‡ Corresponding author. In this paper we describe an architecture for self-organizing wireless sensor-networks . These are wireless ad-hoc network that connect deeply embedded sensors, actuators, and processors. This combination of wireless and data networking will result in a new form of computational paradigm which is more communication centric than any other computer network seen before. Wireless sensor networks are part of a growing collection of information technology constructs which are moving away from the traditional desktop wired network architecture towards a more ubiquitous and universal mode of information connectivity .
Designing Wireless Sensor Nodes
2006
Wireless sensor networks are networks of large quantities of compact microsensors with wireless communication capability. Emerging applications of data gathering range from the environmental to the military. Architectural challenges are posed for designers such as computational power, energy consumption, energy sources, communication channels and sensing capabilities. This work presents the current state-of-the-art for wireless sensor nodes, investigating and analyzing these challenges. We discuss the characteristics and requirements for a sensor node. A comprehensive comparative study of sensor node platforms, energy management techniques, off-the-shelf microcontrollers, battery types and radio devices is presented.
Self-Organized Routing for Wireless Microsensor Networks
IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics, 2005
In this paper, we develop an energy-aware self-organized routing algorithm for the networking of simple battery-powered wireless microsensors (as found, for example, in security or environmental monitoring applications). In these networks, the battery life of individual sensors is typically limited by the power required to transmit their data to a receiver or sink. Thus, effective network-routing algorithms allow us to reduce this power and extend both the lifetime and the coverage of the sensor network as a whole. However, implementing such routing algorithms with a centralized controller is undesirable due to the physical distribution of the sensors, their limited localization ability, and the dynamic nature of such networks (given that sensors may fail, move, or be added at any time and the communication links between sensors are subject to noise and interference). Against this background, we present a distributed mechanism that enables individual sensors to follow locally selfish strategies, which, in turn, result in the self-organization of a routing network with desirable global properties. We show that our mechanism performs close to the optimal solution (as computed by a centralized optimizer), it deals adaptively with changing sensor numbers and topology, and it extends the useful life of the network by a factor of three over the traditional approach. Index Terms-Adaptive self-organized routing, distributed systems, mechanism design, sensor network. I. INTRODUCTION W IRELESS microsensor networks provide an efficient solution to the problem of performing autonomous environmental monitoring. Large numbers of small, low-cost battery-powered sensors can be scattered randomly over a large area, where they will automatically sense and record local environmental conditions. The sensors then use low-power wireless transceivers to transmit their recorded data to a receiver or sink, where it is logged, acted upon or transmitted onwards. When making such networks operational, a key question is how to effectively manage resources such as battery life and communication bandwidth, given the dynamic nature of the system and the limited knowledge of the network topology. In such cases, the use of a central control regime becomes undesirable and thus there is much interest in investigating the use of distributed control methodologies in these networks [9],
Self-organizing distributed sensor networks
Proceedings of SPIE, 1999
Advances in CMOS IC and micro electrical-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology are enabling construction of low-cost building blocks each of which incorporates sensing, signal processing, and wireless communications. Collections of these integrated microsensor nodes may be formed into sensor networks in a wide variety of ways, with characteristics that depend on the specific application-the total number of nodes, the spatial density, the geometric configuration (e.g., linear vs. areal), topographic aspects (e.g., smooth vs. rough terrain), and proximity and proportion of user/sink points. The power of these distributed sensor networks will be unleashed by means of their ability to self-organize, i.e., to bootstrap and dynamically maintain organizational structure befitting the purpose and situation that is presented without the need for human assistance. A prototype sensor system and networking protocols are being developed under the DARPA/TTO AWAIRS Program and are described. The current system is capable of self-organizing the communications among nodes so as to bring the initial system on-line via discovery mechanisms, establish needed end-to-end circuits that provide information to and commands from end users, allow new nodes to be added and reconfigure when existing nodes fail, and to quickly evolve so as to achieve these functions via low power operation. Improved network protocols have been designed and simulated that are expected to enhance performance in bootstrap and routing, and these will be integrated into the existing modular system architecture. Self-organizing procedures for cooperative signal processing and resource management are also being incorporated into the AWAIRS microsensor network system.
2007
Distributed, self-powered, micro-scale, wireless sensor networks promise to do for large-scale systems what the integrated circuit (IC) did for computers and portable devices, changing the way they are studied, built, monitored, and controlled. In biomedical applications, encapsulated sensors can be implanted or swallowed to monitor various body functions and deliver medication on-demand. Industrial systems could distribute sensors throughout a plant or facility to accurately and uniformly control humidity, temperature, and countless of other parameters, and even perform system prognosis and initiate self-healing sequences. Sensors used in military vehicles can gather security-threatening information, such as the presence of toxic, explosive, or electromagnetic interference (EMI), to not only warn and automatically react but to also study the way systems behave once they are deployed in the field, allowing next-generation designers to improve the way the systems are built. Key enabl...
An Energy-autonomous Wireless Sensor Network Development Platform
Internet-of-things enabled applications are increasingly popular and are expected to spread even more in the next few years. Energy efficiency is fundamental to support the widespread use of such systems. This paper presents a practical framework for the development and the evaluation of low-power Wireless Sensor Networks equipped with energy harvesting, aiming at energy-autonomous applications. An experimental case study demonstrates the capabilities of the solution.
Low-Power Wireless Sensor Networks
2001
Wireless distributed microsensor systems will enable fault tolerant monitoring and control of a variety of applications. Due to the large number of microsensor nodes that may be deployed and the long required system lifetimes, replacing the battery is not an option. Sensor systems must utilize the minimal possible energy while operating over a wide range of operating scenarios. This paper presents an overview of the key technologies required for low-energy distributed microsensors. These include power aware computation/communication component technology, low-energy signaling and networking, system partitioning considering computation and communication trade-offs, and a power aware software infrastructure.
A minimum-power wireless sensor network self-deployment scheme
Wireless Communications and …, 2005
Page 1. A Minimum-Power Wireless Sensor Network Self-Deployment Scheme Wei Li andChristos G. Cassandras Dept. ... I. INTRODUCTION A sensor network is an array of autonomous sensors that communicate with each other in order to perform a broader sensing task. ...
Wireless sensor networks are network of compact micro sensors with wireless communication capability. These sensors have been made viable by convergence of micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technologies and digital electronics. As autonomous devices, they can provide pervasive distributed and collaborative network of computer nodes. There is a wide variety of applications of wireless sensor networks at domestic and industrial level. The factors influencing the design of the sensor networks such as energy resources and power consumption are needed to be taken under consideration. In the design of sensor networks, embedded systems provide a hardware and software platform to interact with environment and other nodes. Networking and power management of wireless is thus important and a current topic of research. This paper deals with the basic concept of wireless communication with respect to the sensor nodes, the factors influencing sensor network design and processor's choice in designing a sensor network.