Direct Current Resistivity Investigation of the Groundwater Potential and Basement Structure in Parts Of Pompo Village, Minna, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Journal of Informatics and Mathematical Sciences, 2017
Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) was carried out at Laniba area, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria in order to study the subsurface geologic layer with view of determining the depth to the bedrock and thickness of the geologic layers. The ABEM terrameter (SAS 300B) was used for data acquisition in twenty two (22) VES stations. The field data obtained has been analyzed using computer software (IPI2win) which gives an automatic interpretation of the apparent resistivity. The VES results revealed heterogeneous nature of the subsurface geological sequence.\ The geologic sequence beneath the study area is composed of hard pan topsoil (clayed and sandy lateritic weathered layer), partly weathered or fractured basement and fresh basement. The resistivity value for the topsoil layer varies from 36.1 to 185.0 \(\Omega\)m with thickness ranging from 0.1 m to 1.4 m, the weathered basement has resistivity value ranging from 98.0 to 1098.8 \(\Omega\)m and thickness of between 0.1 m to 1.4 m, the frac...
American journal of water resources, 2014
Geophysical study of the Northeastern part of Owo was conducted to investigate the geoelectric characteristics of its aquiferous units and its implication on groundwater potential of the area. Vertical electrical sounding method was employed and Schlumberger configuration was adopted. Thirty-two points were sounded along three different sections of the town namely; Idasen, Okedogbon and Express (Figure 1). Six different subsurface lithologic units were established namely; lateritic topsoil, clay, sand, quartzite, weathered/fractured basement and, basement. The curve types range between simple H, K, HA, HK, KH to complex, HKH, KHA and KHK. The topsoil, clay, sand and weathered basement materials are characterised with relatively low resistivity values while the quartzite ridge materials are characterized with high resistivity values. The average resistivity and thickness values for the topsoil are 220 Ωm and 2.0 m respectively. Clay was encountered across Okedogbon and Express area of the town and the average resistivity and thickness values of 34 Ωm and 6.0 m respectively. Sand was encountered across the entire study area with average resistivity and thickness values of 115 Ωm and 11.0 m respectively. Quartzite was encountered in all the locations with average resistivity and thickness values of 611 Ωm and 11.0 m respectively. Weathered/fractured basement was encountered across the three sections with average resistivity and thickness values of 86 Ωm and 12.0 m respectively. Basement is relatively deep in the study area and the average resistivity and depth values to the top of basement are 878 Ωm, and 24 m respectively. Overburden thickness was established across the area with an average value of 20 m. The overburden materials with the fractured basement constitutes aquiferous units within the study area though the sand and weathered basement units are largely responsible for the groundwater potential. The groundwater potential of the area is moderate with Express area having the highest potential.
Abstract The objective of this geophysical survey is to evaluate the hydrological characteristics of the study area. This includes the availability of groundwater, depth of aquifer, determining whether the underlying geology is competent basement/weathered basement or fractured bedrock and the delineation of the subsurface into various geo-electric layers. The availability of groundwater in an area is controlled by varying geological factors such as hydrogeological units, stratigraphical faults/folds, and geological sequences The methodology used is the direct current method using the schlumberger configuration. In this electrical resistivity method, artificially-generated electric currents are introduced into the ground and the resulting potential differences are measured at the surface. Deviations from the expected pattern of potential differences from homogeneous ground provide information on the lithological formations and electrical properties of subsurface anomalies. A total of 10 vertical electric sounding was carried out on the study area, which covers the entire community and the data plotted and computer software designed by Vander Velpen BPA was used to iterate the result. This removes the noise and field errors incorporated in the data. The result of the VES curve reveals that there are three major geoelectric layers The fist layer has an intermediate resistivity implying a sandy soil. Very low resistivity corresponds to clayey/clayey sand (VES 4, VES 5, and VES 6) while exceedingly high resistivity (VES 10) implies a lateritic cover. The second layer is the weathered layer sub-divided into minor geoelectric layers such as clays, gravels and weathered rocks. The weathered layers have low resistivity values, possibly due to the presence of conduction fluids such as water. The third layer is the basement or bedrock which may be fractured basement or fresh bedrock. Ajaokuta has more of fresh unfractured bedrocks except in some cases (VES 2 and VES 4) The resistivity of topsoil varies from 12.6Ω to 3247.9Ω with a mean of 657.1Ω ± 947.7. The thickness of topsoil is within the range of 0.4m to 14.9m with a mean of 2.2m ± 4.2. The resistivity of weathered layer ranges from 27.9Ω to 175.5Ω with a mean of 59.2Ω ± 43.5. The thickness of the weathered layer is from minimum of 5.8m to maximum of 37.0 m having a mean of 12.4m ± 9.5. The depth to basement varies from 6.2m to 37.5m with a mean of 13.38 ± 9.07. The resistivity of the basement in the area varies from 183.3Ωm to 4294.2Ωm with a mean 0f 905Ωm ± 1170.The thickness of the topsoil is very low except for (VES 4) The average depth to basement is 13.38m±9.07. Keywords: Boreholes, Ajaokuta, schlumberger configuration, resistivity, VES
In this study, data obtained with the aid of an ABEM Terameter (SAS 300C), from twenty-five Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) stations in Kutunku, with maximum half-current electrodes spacing AB/2, of 170m and maximum half-potential electrodes spacing MN/2, of 7.5m for most of the profiles, were analysed with IPI2Win software. The analysis indicated 3 to 5 geo-electric layers where the former was predominant and the lithologic units were interpreted to consist of sandy top soil, clay/clayey sand, lateritic sand, compact laterite, weathered/fractured basement and fresh basement. Layer resistivity ranges were 1. 95 -1360Ωm, 0.4 -1723Ωm, 7.7 -180000Ωm and 71 -44878Ωm for the first, second, third and fourth layers respectively. In the same vein, layer depth ranged from 0. 6 -4.3m, 1.1 -47.3m, 3.9 -56.9m and 31.1m to undetermined depth. The second layer in most of the profiles showed conductive zones with low resistivity values ranging from 0.403Ωm to 151Ωm. In most of the profiles, the third layer manifested as the last layer, predominantly with high resistivity readings of the order of 10 3 Ωm to 10 5 Ωm with unknown depths suspected to be fresh basement rocks. In the few profiles where four geo-electric layers were detected, with the exception of VES 18, the resistivity values (in Ωm), obtained for the last layer, were of the order of 10 3 and above, with unknown depth suspected to be fresh basement rocks. Amongst the second, third and fourth layers, the second layer mostly constitute the aquifer unit in the area with weathered/fractured basement rock type. The stations of highest groundwater potential were found to be VES 2, VES 5, VES 8, VES 14, VES 21, VES 24 and VES 25 because of the thicknesses of the layers interpreted as weathered or fractured zones which ranged from 25m to 55m.
Geoelectrical Investigation of Groundwater Potential, at Bosso Campus, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
Journal of water resources and ocean science, 2019
Geoelectrical investigation of groundwater potential has been carried out at Bosso Staff Quarters Bosso campus, Federal university of Technology, Minna. The area is situated on latitude 9 0 38'55.8"N and 9 0 39'29.0"N and longitude 6 0 31'19.7"E and 6 0 31'46.7"E. the survey was carried out with the aim of delineating the potential area for groundwater development and depth to the groundwater within the study area. The Schlumbeger array was used to sound six profiles with a total of 36 Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) points. The sounding interpretation results were used to generate geoelectric section. The corresponding geologic section were also generated which revealed the existence of three subsurface layers. These layers revealed the existence of three subsurface layers. These layers comprise the top soil, weathered/fractured basement and fresh basement. The results of this analysis are presented as curves of apparent resistivity versus depth, from the digitalized curves obtained from the IP2WIN software, sulfur 11 was used to generates iso-resistivity map at different depth. The analysis of results shows that the area is not appropriate for borehole drilling.
Central European Journal of Geosciences, 2013
Vertical electrical sounding (VES), employing a Schlumberger electrode configuration, was used to investigate the sediments and aquifer repositories in Itu Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom state, southern Nigeria. This was done in sixteen (16) locations/communities with the maximum current electrode spread ranging between 800–1000m. The field data were interpreted using forward and iterative least square inversion modeling, which gives a resolution with 3–5 geoelectric layers. The observed frequencies in curve types include 31.25% of AKH, 18.8% of AAK and HK and 6.25% of K, QHK, AKH, KA and KHQ, respectively. These sets of curves show a wide range of variabilities in resistivities between and within the layers penetrated by current. The presence of K and H curve types in the study area indicates the alteration of the geomaterials with limited hydrologic significance to the prolific groundwater repository. A correlation of the constrained nearby borehole lithology logs with the VES...
Gidan Kwano campus of the Federal University of Technology, Minna, is located within the basement complex terrain of North-Central Nigeria and is underlain by Pre-Cambrian basement rocks of which granites are predominant. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) employing the Schlumberger electrode configuration was used to provide information about the subsurface lithology and structures with the aim of evaluating its groundwater potential. A total of 48 VES was made along eight profiles with six sounding stations per profile within an area of about 10km2. A combination of VES, Horizontal Resistivity Profile and Sounding – Profiling produced a subsurface geological appraisal of the study area. Results of the interpretations of VES data were used to produce fracture map and isopach map of depth to basement which has a mean value of 35 m. Interpreted fractures coincide with the direction of stream flow suggesting a structurally controlled drainage system. VES curves reveal that the area is generally characterized by three geoelectric layers. Top soil layer thickness range from 0.2m to 7.4 m while the weathered layer thickness range from 0.3 m to 58.8 m. Out of the 48 VES made, 8 VES stations have been selected as priority locations for the development of groundwater resources. The study area has been found to have a very high potential for groundwater development. Despite all the limitations of the VES technique, it has been found to be reliable for groundwater exploration in the basement complex terrain particularly when the Schlumberger Configuration combined with geological and computer - aided interpretation for the survey data is implemented. Keywords Crystalline Basement, Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), Horizontal Resistivity Profiling (HRP), Sounding-Profiling (Pseudosection), Groundwater Potential.
International Journal of Scientific Research in Agricultural Sciences, 2015
The availability of quality water resources has always been the primary concern of societies in semi-arid and arid regions, even in areas of more abundant rainfall, the problem of obtaining adequate supply of quality water is generally becoming more acute due to ever increasing population and industrialization. This study applied Vertical Electrical Sounding [VES] method to investigate the exploration of groundwater in Gwagwalada areas council FCT Abuja. A total of 12 VES were carried out in different parts of the study area. The field data obtained was analyzed and interpreted using Ipi2Win Software. The curves reveal that the area is characterized by 3-4 classes of geo-electric layers. Low resistive topsoil layer (thickness 1-4.09 m), weathered layer (thickness 1.35-119 m), fractured basement (thickness 30.4-117 m), and the fresh basement layer (thickness >25 m) respectively. The results indicate the occurrence of good aquifers in the second and third layers indicating that borehole drilling in the study area is achievable but to a depth of 45 meters to allow large reservoir within the aquifers. From the analysis, weathered basement and fractured basement aquifers, were delineated; these aquifer units may have significant groundwater potential.
International Journal of Physical Research , 2019
The Vertical Electrical Resistivity surveys in the Sunshine Garden Estate have contributed to a better understanding of the basement complex of Southwestern Nigeria. Nine (9) vertical electrical sounding (VES) using the Schlumberger electrode array were interpreted and the results shows three (3) subsurface geoelectric layers within the study area. These are the weathered layer, topsoil, fresh/fractured basement. Groundwater pockets such as fractured zones, valley fills/basement depressions, and weathered zones were delineated in the study area. Weathered/partially weathered layer and weathered basement/fractured basement were the two major aquifer mapped out and these aquifers are characterized by thick overburden, found within basement depressions. The groundwater potential of the study area was zoned into low, medium and high potentials. Zones where the overburden thickness (which constitutes the main aquifer unit) is greater than 13m and of low clay composition (average resistivity value between 200-400Ωm) are considered zones of high groundwater potential. Area where the thickness of the aquifer ranges from 11-13m with less clay composition are considered to have medium groundwater potential and the areas where the thickness of the aquifer is less than 11m are considered to have a low groundwater. The VES station underlained by high and medium groundwater potential zones are envisaged to be viable for groundwater development within the area.