Antioxidant Activity of Dry Birch (Betula Pendula) Leaves Extract (original) (raw)
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Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Objective: The present study investigated the comparative analysis of fatty acid and antioxidant activity from the bark of Betula utilis, collected from Kashmir and Sikkim coded as BUK and BUS respectively. Methods: Fatty acid constituents were analyzed by GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectroscopy) in BUK and BUS bark. B. utilis bark extracts of both the locations were phytochemically investigated and radical scavenging activity was evaluated by DPPH in all solvent fractions. Results: Phenolic content were found to be higher in methanolic extracts of BUK bark, 5.8 ± 0.1 mg/gm and flavonoid content were higher in the water extract of BUK bark, 6.16 ± 0.2 mg/gm. The radical scavenging activity was found to be higher methanolic, alcoholic and water extracts of BUK bark. The lowest IC 50 value for radical scavenging activity of methanolic and water extracts of B. utilis bark collected from Kashmir were found 18.7 ± 1.1 and 18.2 ± 0.3 μg/mL, respectively. Thirteen fatty acids were identified in the sample BUK as well as BUS in which the major fatty acids were found-Palmitic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid. BUK possess the highest amount of Palmitic acid (18.07%) in oily portion of the bark. Conclusion: The present study concluded that BUK and BUS extracts have shown significant antioxidant activity in comparison to standard but BUK possess potent radical scavenging activity over BUS, and higher amounts palmitic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid was present in the extract, and may a play an important role in nutritional and pharmaceutical applications.
Food Chemistry, 2008
The antioxidant capacity of yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) twigs aqueous acetone extract and its fractions was evaluated at ambient and at elevated temperatures. The crude extract, obtained by maceration in acetone, was further fractionated with tert-butylmethyl ether and ethyl acetate. The antioxidant activity at room temperature was studied by methods based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH Å ). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) were employed at high temperatures. The commercial antioxidant 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol (BHT) was used as a reference. Among samples, the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity in DPPH Å assays. The ether fraction and crude extract showed more antioxidant activity at high temperatures. The commercial antioxidant BHT exhibited the best antioxidant behaviour in most of the reported tests. The only exception was in the kinetic method with DPPH Å . The results of this study confirm that antioxidant activity is a property that strongly depends on the oxidation conditions used in the particular oxidation test.
Common birch (Betula pendula Roth.): Chemical composition and biological activity of isolates
Advanced Technologies
The common birch (Betula pendula Roth., Betulaceae) is widespread in moderate and northern climatic zones. It is used in traditional medicine of many countries, and its positive effects on human health were recognized a long time ago. It belongs to a group of medicinal plants. Numerous studies on the chemical composition and activity of the birch isolates are aimed at confirming their biological effects and the use in traditional medicine. A large number of bioactive compounds have been isolated from buds, juice (sap), leaves and bark of common birch. The composition varies depending on the variety, age of the plant, geographical area, the methods of isolation and the analysis used. However, the chemical composition of the isolates has been partially studied, and further investigations are required. Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, antiproliferative, antirheumatoid, uteroprotective, antiallergic and gastroprotective activity of the isolates have been established. That opens the possibility of its potential use in the prevention and treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. Further preclinical and clinical studies are needed in order to create and apply preparations based on common birch isolates.
Recently, the interest in nutritional supplements plant based has increased. Plant extracts of the leaves of white birch (Betula Pendula) have shown the health-promoting properties. Leaves of birch (Betula Pendula) were collected during the period 2005-2008, with a view to their use as food additives and in pharmacy. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of dry extract of Betula pendula leaves were evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteu methods and aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. The determination of nitrates in leaves of birch Betula Pendula has performed using HPLC method for nitrates in fruits and vegetables since a method of non-edible plants is not available. Microbiological contaminants were investigated using the International Pharmacopoeia methods. The following microbiological indicators were covered: total aerobic mesophyllic microorganisms (vegetative and spore forms), Coloforms, Esherichia coli, Salmonella species, Staphylococcus aureus, yeasts and moulds. Current ISO standard methods were used. The dried material from the foliage of Betula Pendula has shown a significant amount of phenols and flavonoids, and compliance with regulatory requirements for nitrates and microbiology.
Plants
The aim of the present study was to obtain, characterize, and evaluate the antioxidant potential of some extracts obtained from the bark of Betula alba var. pendula Roth., the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra L., and the green herb of the Avena sativa. The results revealed that the lowest IC50 value, determined by all three methods, was obtained for Betulae extractum (BE) (73.6 µg/mL—DPPH method, 11.2 µg/mL—ABTS method, and 58.7 µg/mL—FRAP method), followed by Liquiritiae extractum (LE) (805.6 µg/mL, 92.1 µg/mL, and 722 µg/mL) and Avenae extractum (1.13 mg/mL—DPPH method, 99.7 µg/mL—ABTS method, and 135.1 µg/mL—FRAP method). These results correlate with total polyphenols content (expressed in g tannic acid/100 g dry extract), with BE having more polyphenols than LE and AE (47.96 ± 9.7083 for BE, compared with 9.31 ± 0.9913 for LE and 40.55 ± 6.3715 for AE). The total flavonoid content (expressed as g rutoside/100 g dry extract) is similar for BE and LE (3.75 ± 0.3140 and 3.44 ± 0.3037) an...
Industrial Crops and Products, 2009
Crude ethanol extracts from different tissues of Betula alleghaniensis: wood, inner and outer bark, foliage, and twigs were evaluated for their nitric oxide (NO)-radical scavenging activities and inhibitory effects on the production of NO in LPS/INF␥-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. As a renewed interest in plantderived drugs has led to an increased need for efficient extraction methods, ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was investigated and compared with conventional maceration. The lower energy consumption by the UAE process compared to maceration determined in our study qualifies also this extraction as an environmentally friendly process. Our results indicate that the foliage extract has the most potent radical scavenging capacity while wood and twigs extracts exert the highest inhibitory effects on the production of NO in LPS/INF␥-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Extracts obtained by UAE present lower cytotoxic activity on RAW cells. Our results also demonstrate that ultrasounds help to selectively extract the bioactive molecules from foliage, twigs and wood, which inhibit the production of NO by macrophages. The highest total phenol content has been determined for the inner bark extracts and the flavonoids are the major phenolics present in foliage extracts. Poor correlations determined between the total phenols and radical scavenging capacity of the extracts indicates to the synergistic or antagonist effects of molecules present, various polyphenols and triterpenes being identified in the extracts studied in this research.
Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, 2017
In modern plants, 2.7 to 2.8 m3 of solid volume veneer blocks are consumed to produce 1 m3 of plywood. After the hydrothermal treatment and debarking of blocks, waste bark is obtained, which makes up 12.5% of the wood mass, while 16-20% of bark is composed of birch outer bark (BOB). Recalculating, BOB makes up 2.0-3.4% of the veneer log mass. Bark is currently burned in boiler houses that is not rational. BOB contains large amount of valuable extractives (up to 34% from o.d. BOB) consisting of various secondary metabolites such as terpenes, flavonoids, hydrocarbons, polyphenols, tannins etc. BOB extractives exhibit antioxidant properties as well as wound-healing and anti-inflammatory activity. The objective of this paper was to compare amount of total phenolic content (TPC) and antiradical activity (ARA) in ethanol extracts from silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) outer bark using micro plate assay. Among 11 fractions, fraction of average BOB had the highest DPPH free radical scaven...
Determining the Antioxidant Property of Plant Extracts: A Laboratory Exercise
The Asian Journal of …, 2011
Vegetables and fruits are good sources of free radical scavengers or antioxidants. To evaluate the free radical scavenging activity of a plant extract, a few simple steps using the 1,1-diphenyl-2picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay can be followed. Any plant part can be processed to produce crude extracts which can be used for testing. Using this technique, a small class of tertiary students determined the antioxidant property of ethanolic crude leaf extracts of some endemic and indigenous plants. The plants used were Ardisia pyramidalis Roth (Myrsinaceae), Baccaurea tetrandra (Baill.) Mull.Arg. (Phyllanthaceae), Chisocheton pentandrus (Blanco) Merr. (Meliaceae), Ficus septica Burm. (Moraceae), Parameria laevigata (Juss.) Moldenke (Apocynaceae), Parartocarpus venenosus (Zoll. & Moritzi) Becc. (Moraceae), Streptocaulon baumii Decne. (Asclepiadaceae), Uncaria perrottetii (A. Rich) Merr. (Rubiaceae), and Voacanga globosa (Blanco) Merr. (Apocynaceae). Crude leaf extracts of U. perrottetti and B. tetrandra were observed to possess a high free radical scavenging activity with values beyond 90% of that of gallic acid. These were fractionated further, and subsequent assays showed that ethyl acetate fractions for both plants had high free radical scavenging activity indicating that they contain potential chemopreventive agents against many diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders and aging. Free radical scavenging activities demonstrated by leaf extracts of A. pyramidalis and C. pentandrus did not reach 70% of that of gallic acid. All the rest of the plant extracts showed very low or no free radical scavenging activity.
2008
Due to differences in the functional quality of natural extracts, we have also faced differences in their effectiveness. So, it was intended to assess the antioxidant activity of natural extracts in order to attain their functional quality. It was observed that all the extracts (brown and green propolis, Ginkgo biloba and Isoflavin Beta®) and the standard used (quercetin) showed antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC 50 values ranging from 0.21 to 155.28 μg mL-1 (inhibition of lipid peroxidation and scavenging of the DPPH • assays). We observed a high correlation (r 2 = 0.9913) among the antioxidant methods; on the other hand, the antioxidant activity was not related to the polyphenol and flavonoid content. As the DPPH • assay is a fast method, presents low costs and even has a high correlation with other antioxidant methods, it could be applied as an additional parameter in the quality control of natural extracts. RESUMEN. "Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante como parámetro adicional para lograr la calidad funcional de extractos naturales". Debido a las diferencias en la calidad funcional de extractos naturales, nosotros hemos advertido también diferencias en su efectividad, por lo que se pretende estimar la actividad antioxidante de extractos naturales para lograr su calidad funcional. Fue observado que todos los extractos (propolis marrón y verde, Ginkgo biloba e Isoflavin Beta®) y el patrón usado (quercetina) mostraron actividad antioxidante de una manera dosis-dependiente con valores de IC 50 que van de 0,21 a 155,28 al μg mL-1 (inhibición de la peroxidación lipídioca y captación de radicales libres del DPPH •). Se observó una alta correlación (r 2 = 0,9913) entre los métodos antioxidantes y por otro lado la actividad antioxidante no estuvo relacionada con el contenido del polifenoles ni de flavonoides. Como el análisis del DPPH • es un método rápido, presenta costos bajos e incluso tiene una correlación alta con otros métodos antioxidantes, este método podría utilizarse como un parámetro adicional en el control de calidad de extractos naturales.
Journal of Medicinal Food, 2013
A crude hydromethanolic extract from Pinus brutia bark and its fractions (diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions) were studied with regard to their phenolic content and antioxidant activities. The total phenolics and proanthocyanidins in each extract were quantified by spectrophotometric methods; the polyphenolic profile was analyzed by RP-HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. All extracts were tested with regard to their ability to scavenge free radicals (ABTS radical cation, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals), reduce ferric ions, and inhibit 15-lipoxygenase. P. brutia bark extracts had high phenolic contents (303.79-7.34-448.90-1.39 mg/g). Except diethyl ether extract, all other extracts contained proanthocyanidins ranging from 225.79-3.94 to 250.40-1.44 mg/g. Several polyphenols were identified by RP-HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS: taxifolin in diethyl ether extract, a taxifolin-O-hexoside, catechin, procyanidin dimers, and trimers in ethyl acetate extract. Except diethyl ether extract, all other extracts were effective scavengers of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals (EC50 = 33.5-1.1-54.93-2.85 lg/mL and 0.47-0.06-0.6-0.0 mg/mL, respectively). All extracts had noticeable 15-lipoxygenase inhibitory effects (EC50 = 22.47-0.75-34.43-2.25 lg/mL). We conclude that P. brutia bark is very promising for the dietary supplements industry due to its high free radical scavenging and 15-lipoxygenase inhibitory effects.